Italian unification Revision of the Risorgimento Main themes
- Slides: 14
Italian unification Revision of the Risorgimento
Main themes Origins of Risorgimento n Piedmont emerges as leading Italian state n The role of Cavour n Unification phase I 1859 – 60 n Unification phase II – Garibaldi gets the south n Venetia 1866 n Rome 1870 n Unification complete? n
Trends towards unification n Napoleon Nationalism 1815 settlement and Austrian dominance.
Italian nationalism The Carbonari n Revolutions of 1821, 1830 & 1848 n Thinkers Gioberti, Mazzini & Young Italy, n language - Manzoni – « the betrothed » , Verdi and opera n mostly MC and intellectual elite. n
Revolution of 1848 – lessons learned Revolts all over Italy n Charles Albert in Piedmont – Statuto, war against Austria. n Hopes for Pius IX ended – Garibaldi & Roman republic. n Austria triumphant, French troops to Rome (1849) n Italy cannot « fara da se » but Piedmont leading state. n
Someone who learned the lessons Count Camillo di Cavour
Piedmont takes the lead Count Camillo di Cavour PM 1852 n Modernises Piedmont – why? n Politics (Constitution) & church n Economy – agriculture, communications, trade n Army n n Was Cavour an Italian or a Piedmontese nationalist?
Cavour gets foreign help Crimean war 1854 – 56 n Peace of Paris 1856 n Britain n Napoleon III n Orsini plot n Plombieres 1858 n
The international situation was favourable Russia n Prussia n Britain n France n Nationalism - fashionable n
Unification Phase I 1859 - 60 War 1859 n France defeats Austria at Magenta and Solferino n Villafranca – Piedmont gets Lombardy n Cavour resigns! n 1860 Central Italy out of control – Central duchies and Romagna n Cavour back – France gets Nice & Savoy. n Plebiscites – vote for Piedmont. n
Unification Phase II – Garibaldi gets the south 1860 Revolt in Sicily n 1000 redshirts led by Garibaldi n Cross to mainland take Naples n Cavour moves south n Garibaldi meets Victor Emmanuel II at Teano n 1861 kingdom of Italy proclaimed n
The final steps 1866 Austro-Prussian war n Bismarck promises Venetia to Italy n 1870 Franco – Prussian war n French troops withdrawn n Italy takes Rome n « the prisoner in the vatican » n
1870 Unification complete Or was it really? The South? Language? Trentino & South Tryol?