IT Project Management Overview Topics What is a

IT Project Management Overview

Topics • • What is a Project? What is Project Management? Why Project Management? Project Management Framework Skills for Project Managers Project Phases and Lifecycle Scope Management § Project Size 2

What is a Project? • A temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result • What are operations? • What is a program? • What is a portfolio? 3

What is a Project? (contd. ) • A project ends when its objectives have been reached, or the project has been terminated • Projects can be large or small and take a short or long time to complete • Examples of IT Projects § A help desk or technical worker replaces ten laptops for a small department § A small software development team adds a new feature to an internal software application for the finance department § A college campus upgrades its technology infrastructure to provide wireless Internet access across the whole campus § A cross-functional task force in a company decides what Voice-over-Internet. Protocol (Vo. IP) system to purchase and how it will be implemented 4

Project Attributes • A project: § § § Has a unique purpose Is temporary Is developed using progressive elaboration Requires resources, often from various areas Should have a primary customer or sponsor • The project sponsor usually provides the direction and funding for the project § Involves uncertainty 5

Topics • • What is a Project? What is Project Management? Why Project Management? Project Management Framework Skills for Project Managers Project Phases and Lifecycle Scope Management § Project Size 6

What is Project Management? • The application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements • The Triple Constraint • Scope • Cost • Time 7

PMI Project Management Institute (PMI) § Largest project management professional association § Offers highly regarded certifications (e. g. , PMP) § Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) 8

Triple Constraint Scope Schedule Cost 9

Trade-off Triangle • Fast, cheap, and good Choose any two! • Project manager’s job 10

Topics • • What is a Project? What is Project Management? Why Project Management? Project Management Framework Skills for Project Managers Project Phases and Lifecycle Scope Management § Project Size 11

Why Project Management? • The U. S. spends $2. 3 trillion on projects every year, or onequarter of its gross domestic product (GDP), and the world as a whole spends nearly $10 trillion of its $40. 7 trillion gross product on projects of all kinds • In 2005, the average salary of senior project manager was $99, 183 in the U. S. , $94, 646 in Australia, and $106, 374 in the U. K. • PMI Certification 12

Why IT Project Management? • 75% of companies surveyed either maintained or increased IT spending in 2010 (29% of technology budgets were on new projects/initiatives alone)* • IT Projects have a terrible track record Year 2009 Year 2006 2004 Year 2002 Year 2000 1998 Year 1996 1994 Successful 32% 35% 29% 34% 28% 26% 27% 16% Challenged 44% 19% 53% 15% 23% 28% 40% 31% Failed 24% 46% 18% 51% 49% 46% 33% 53% *Forrester Research 13

Advantages of Formal Project Management • • • Better control of financial, physical, and human resources Improved customer relations Shorter development times Lower costs Higher quality and increased reliability Higher profit margins Improved productivity Better internal coordination Higher worker morale (less stress) 14

Topics • • What is a Project? What is Project Management? Why Project Management? Project Management Framework Skills for Project Managers Project Phases and Lifecycle Scope Management § Project Size 15

Project Management Frameworks 16

Project Stakeholders • Stakeholders are the people involved in or affected by project activities 17

PMBOK Knowledge Areas • Project Integration Management • Project Scope Management • Project Time Management • Project Cost Management • Project Quality Management • Project Human Resource Management • Project Communications Management • Project Risk Management • Project Procurement Management http: //www. pmi. org/marketplace/pages/Product. Detail. aspx? GMProduct=00100035801 18

Project Management Knowledge Areas • Knowledge areas describe the key competencies that project managers must develop § Four core knowledge areas lead to specific project objectives § Four facilitating knowledge areas are the means through which the project objectives are achieved § Integration management affects and is affected by all of the other knowledge areas § All knowledge areas are important! 19

Project Management Tools and Techniques • Project management tools and techniques assist project managers and their teams in various aspects of project management • Examples include: § Project charter, scope statement, and WBS § Gantt charts, network diagrams, critical path analysis, and critical chain scheduling § Cost estimates and earned value management What areas of the triple constraint does each cover? 20

What Helps Project Succeed? 1. Executive support 2. User involvement 3. Experienced project manager 4. Clear business objectives 5. Minimized scope 6. Standard software infrastructure 7. Firm basic requirements 8. Formal methodology 9. Reliable estimates 10. Other criteria, such as small milestones, proper planning, competent staff, and ownership 21

What the Winners Do? • Recent research findings show that companies that excel in project delivery capability: § Use an integrated project management toolbox (use standard/advanced PM tools and lots of templates) § Grow project leaders, emphasizing business and soft skills § Develop a streamlined project delivery process § Measure project health using metrics, like customer satisfaction or return on investment 22

Topics • • What is a Project? What is Project Management? Why Project Management? Project Management Framework Skills for Project Managers Project Phases and Lifecycle Scope Management § Project Size 23

Skills for Project Managers • • • The Project Management Body of Knowledge Application area knowledge, standards, and regulations Project environment knowledge General management knowledge and skills Soft skills or human relations skills 24

Ten Important Skills 1. People skills 2. Leadership 3. Listening 4. Integrity, ethical behavior, consistent 5. Strong at building trust 6. Verbal communication 7. Strong at building teams 8. Conflict resolution, conflict management 9. Critical thinking, problem solving 10. Understands, balances priorities 25

Topics • • What is a Project? What is Project Management? Why Project Management? Project Management Framework Skills for Project Managers Project Phases and Lifecycle Scope Management § Project Size 26

Project Phases (PMBOK Process Groups) • Initiate • Project /Project phases are defined and authorized • Plan • Project objectives are defined, refined, and the planning takes place • Execute • project work carried out • Monitor & Control • monitors/measures progress and identifies ways to make corrections • Close • Formal acceptance of a product, service or result 27

Project Phases & Lifecycle • All projects are divided into phases • All phases together are known as the Project Life Cycle • Each phase is marked by completion of Deliverables 28

Core Project Phases 29

Project Phases A. K. A. 30

PMBOK Process Groups (Project Phases) Initiate Plan Execute Monitor & Control Close 31

Project Management Phases Example of phase activity on one project 32

Topics • • What is a Project? What is Project Management? Why Project Management? Project Management Framework Skills for Project Managers Project Phases and Lifecycle Scope Management § Project Size 33

Project Scope Management • Project Scope • Deliverables • Project scope management includes the processes involved in defining and controlling what is or is not included in a project 34

Project Scope Statement 35

Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) • A WBS is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines the total scope of the project 36

Work Breakdown Structures 37

WBS from Text 38

Example: Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) 1. 0 Concept 1. 1 Evaluate current systems 1. 2 Define Requirements 1. 2. 1 Define user requirements 1. 2. 2 Define content requirements 1. 2. 3 Define system requirements 1. 2. 4 Define server owner requirements 1. 3 Define specific functionality 1. 4 Define risks and risk management approach 1. 5 Develop project plan 1. 6 Brief Web development team 2. 0 Web Site Design 3. 0 Web Site Development 4. 0 Roll Out 5. 0 Support 39

Identifying Project Size • Two Approaches § Planning Phase Approach • Amount of time spent in planning • Simple project will require little planning Planning Industry Standard For Business Applications Time Required in Person Months 15% Actual: 4 Analysis Design 20% 35% 30% 9. 33 8 Estimated: 5. 33 Implementation § Function Point Approach 40

Function Point Approach 41

Step 1: Estimate System Size Step 1. 1: Function Point Calculation 42

Step 1. 2: Processing Complexity (PC) Calculation 43

Function Point Estimation Processing Complexity (PC): __7______ (From Step 1. 2) Based on perceived system complexity; 0. 65 for simple, 1. 00 for normal, and 1. 35 for complex systems Adjusted Processing Complexity (APC) = 0. 65 + (0. 001 x __7_ ) = 0. 72 Total Adjusted Function Points: _0. 72 x _338_ = 243 (TAFP) (TUFP -- From Step 1. 1) 44

Calculating Lines of Code (LOC) Language Total LOC = Avg. LOC per Function Point TAFP x Avg. LOC per Function Point 243 x 50 = 12, 150 (for Visual Basic) 45

Step 2: Estimate Effort Required • Function of size and production rate • COCOMO model § Converts a lines-of-code estimate into a person-month estimate § For moderate-size projects multiply thousands lines of code by 1. 4 to get the number of people to assign to the project Effort (in person-months) = 1. 4 x 12. 150 = 17. 01 From Step 1, Total LOC divided by 1000 46

Step 3: Estimate Time Required • Rule of thumb for estimation Schedule time (months) = = = 3. 0 x person-month 1/3 3. 0 x (17. 01)1/3 7. 713 From Step 2, Effort (in person-months) 47

Project Time Management We will cover more on PERT charts (network diagrams), Gantt charts, and managing the critical path in the coming weeks Timeboxing Reporting 48

Recap • What is a Project? • Programs and Portfolios • What is Project Management? • Triple Constraint • Why Project Management? • Project Management Frameworks • Skills for Project Managers • Problem solving • Project Phases and Lifecycle • Scope Management § Project Size 49

Next Class • Special Topic Presentation (Weds. 1/26) • Extreme Programming • SCRUM • Next Topic Presentations (Mon. 1/31) • PMI & PMP Certification • “Why did our Project Fail” • Readings • Chapter 3 and PMI (www. pmi. org) 50