It is not difficult to make microbes resistant
It is not difficult to make microbes resistant to penicillin in the laboratory, and the same has occasionally happened in the body. Alexander Fleming, 1945 Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech 1 The End of Modern Medicine?
Epidemiology of AMR AQUACULTURE Rivers & streams Farm effluents & manure spreading Dead stock Antibiotics COMPANION ANIMALS Soil Sewage Vegetables, seed crops, fruits & vegetables Industrial & household antimicrobial chemicals Swine FOOD Cattle ANIMALS Sheep Poultry Irrigation water Antibiotics WILDLIFE Offal Animal feeds Swim Drinking water Rendering Seas & lakes Hospital Commercial abattoirs & processing plants Meat & fish Handling, preparation, consumption HUMANS Urban areas Others Care facilities Rural areas Food processing antimicrobials Direct contact 2 Antimicrobial resistance Diagram based on Linton (1977), as adapted by Rebecca Irwin, Health Canada (Prescott 2000) and IFT
Economic costs Europe – cost of AMR € 1. 5 bn and 600 m lost days of productivity per year Russia UK – cost of AMR 83% of families use unnecessary antibiotics at home £ 10 bn/yr societal costs plus £ 20 k per patient episode USA – cost of AMR Healthcare costs alone $21 -34 bn/yr Japan and Antarctica Resistant bacteria found in water samples 3 Antimicrobial resistance Map and statistics from World Economic Forum “Global Risks 2013” except UK statistics, which are based on work published by Richard Smith of LSHTM
THE GLOBAL PICTURE 4 Antimicrobial resistance
Can we make a difference? 5 Antimicrobial resistance
Public information and education http: //bit. ly/CMObook 6 Antimicrobial resistance http: //bit. ly/CMOat. TEDx
- Slides: 6