ISTITUTO COMPRENSIVO CREMONA 2 SCUOLA MEDIA VIRGILIO PROGETTO

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ISTITUTO COMPRENSIVO CREMONA 2 SCUOLA MEDIA VIRGILIO PROGETTO CLIL A. S. 2014/2015

ISTITUTO COMPRENSIVO CREMONA 2 SCUOLA MEDIA VIRGILIO PROGETTO CLIL A. S. 2014/2015

FOOD EVERYWHERE • • • HISTORY GEOGRAPHY ART RELIGION SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY MATHS

FOOD EVERYWHERE • • • HISTORY GEOGRAPHY ART RELIGION SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY MATHS

HISTORY Food after 1492 Columbian Exchange The Columbian Exchange or Grand Exchange refers to

HISTORY Food after 1492 Columbian Exchange The Columbian Exchange or Grand Exchange refers to the wide transfer of animals, plants, culture, human populations, diseases, and ideas between the American and Afro-Eurasian hemispheres in the 15 th and 16 th centuries, related to European colonization and trade (including African/American slave trade) after Christopher Columbus' 1492 voyage. The contact between the two areas circulated a wide variety of new crops and livestock, which supported increases in population in both hemispheres. Traders returned to Europe with maize, potatoes, and tomatoes, which became very important crops in Europe by the 18 th century. Similarly, Europeans introduced manioc and peanut to tropical Asia and West Africa, where they flourished in soils that otherwise would not produce large yields.

 • New World native plants. Clockwise, from top left: 1. Maize 2. Tomato

• New World native plants. Clockwise, from top left: 1. Maize 2. Tomato 3. Potato 4. Vanilla 5. Pará rubber tree 6. Cacao 7. Tobacco

Old World native plants. Clockwise, from top left: 1. Citrus ; 2. Apple ;

Old World native plants. Clockwise, from top left: 1. Citrus ; 2. Apple ; 3. Banana ; 4. Mango; 5. Onion ; 6. Coffee ; 7. Wheat ; 8. Rice.

Influence Before AD 1500, potatoes were not grown outside of South America. By the

Influence Before AD 1500, potatoes were not grown outside of South America. By the 1840 s, Ireland was so dependent on the potato that the proximate cause of the Great Famine was a potato disease. Maize and manioc, introduced by the Portuguese from South America in the 16 th century, have replaced sorghum and millet as Africa's most important food crops. 16 th-century Spanish colonizers introduced new staple crops to Asia from the Americas, including maize and sweet potatoes, and thereby contributed to population growth in Asia. Tomatoes, which came to Europe from the New World , were initially prized in Italy mainly for their ornamental value . From the 19 th century tomato sauces became typical of Neapolitan cooking and, ultimately, Italian food in general. Coffee from South America and sugar cane became the main crops of extensive Latin American plantations. Introduced to India by the Portuguese, chili and potatoes from South America have become an integral part of Indian cuisine. Before the Columbian Exchange, there were no oranges in Florida, no bananas in Ecuador, no paprika in Hungary, no potatoes in Ireland, no coffee in Colombia, no pineapples in Hawaii, no rubber trees in Africa, no chili peppers in Thailand, and no chocolate in Switzerland.

Livestock Initially, the exchange of animals largely went from Europe to the New World,

Livestock Initially, the exchange of animals largely went from Europe to the New World, as the Eurasian regions had domesticated many animals. Horses, donkeys, mules, pigs, cattle, sheep, goats, chickens, large dogs, cats and bees were rapidly adopted by native peoples for transport, food, and other uses. One of the first European exports to the Americas, the horse, changed the lives of many Native American tribes in the mountains. They shifted to a nomadic lifestyle, based on hunting bison on horseback and moved down to the Great Plains. The existing Plains tribes extended their territories with horses, and the animals were considered so valuable that horse became a measure of wealth.

Geography Food in southern Europe Italy, Spain, Portugal, Greece, and southern France make up

Geography Food in southern Europe Italy, Spain, Portugal, Greece, and southern France make up the region known as southern Europe. Southern France is included because it is culturally similar to the rest of southern Europe. Greece is often grouped with eastern Europe; however, it is included here because Greek food has greatly influenced the cuisine of southern Europe. The ancient Greeks brought the olive tree to southern Europe, and Spain is now the world's largest producer of olives. Chickpeas and fish stew were also introduced by the Greeks. Different adaptations of this fish stew are now popular dishes in France ( boullabaisse ) and in Italy ( zuppa di pesce alla marinara ). But Asia has also added to southern Europe's food traditions, mainly affecting the cuisine of Portugal. Spices (such as pepper and nutmeg) as well as fruits (such as mangoes and bananas) came from Asia.

Food in northern Europe Northern Europe, including Scandinavia, Ireland the United Kingdom, has a

Food in northern Europe Northern Europe, including Scandinavia, Ireland the United Kingdom, has a mouthwatering supply of food and beverages. Fish and chips, Swedish meatballs and shepherd’s pie are just a sampling of the regional offerings, which are usually prepared to warm people up from the cold climate. Because of the surrounding seas fish is essential to most Northern European cuisines.

RELIGION FOOD SYMBOLS: The List of foods with religious symbolism provides details of foods

RELIGION FOOD SYMBOLS: The List of foods with religious symbolism provides details of foods which are used in religious communities or traditions to symbolise an aspect of the faith, or to commemorate a festival or hero of that faith group. Many such foods are also closely associated with a particular date or season. As with all religious traditions, some such foods have passed into widespread secular use, but all those on this list have a religious origin. The list is arranged alphabetically and by religion. CHRISTIANITY: Baklava - in Greece, it is supposed to be made with 33 dough layers, referring to the years of Christ's life Cattern cake - small individual cakes with caraway seeds, made on St. Catherine's Day (25 November) to celebrate St Catherine of Alexandria. Christopsomo - a type of bread served at Christmas in Greece; Christmas symbols, and a cross, are traditionally incorporated into the loaf using dough shapes; it is flavoured with figs. Easter biscuit - associated with Easter, particularly in parts of England. Easter egg - associated with Easter, as a symbol of new.

JUDAISM: Apples and honey - eaten to symbolize a sweet new year; other foods

JUDAISM: Apples and honey - eaten to symbolize a sweet new year; other foods with a symbolic meaning may be served, depending on local custom, such as the head of a fish to symbolize the "head" of the year. Bread - two loaves of bread, symbol of the double portion of manna that fell for the Israelites during their 40 years in the desert after the Exodus from Egypt. Cheese blintzes, cheese kreplach, cheesecake, cheese sambusak, a seven-layer cake called seven heavens and other dairy foods are traditionally eaten and have various symbolic meanings all connected to the giving of the Torah on Mount Sinai. ISLAM: Baklava - associated with the fasting month of Ramadan by the Balkans and Ottoman Empire. Dates - traditionally dates are eaten at the to break the fast of Ramadan, symbolically recalling the tradition that the prophet Muhammad broke his fast by eating three dates. HINDUISM Ghee - sacred food, offered to gods, and used as libation or anointment ritual. Pongal - a Tamil dish associated with many Hindu rituals and feast such as the Pongal feast.

FOOD FORBIDDEN: Taboo food and drink are food and beverages which people abstain from

FOOD FORBIDDEN: Taboo food and drink are food and beverages which people abstain from consuming because of a religious or cultural prohibition. Many food taboos forbid the meat of a particular animal, including mammals, rodents, reptiles, amphibians, mollusks and crustaceans. Some taboos are specific to a particular part of an animal, while other taboos forbid the consumption of plants, fungi, or insects.

Art ARCIMBOLDO Giuseppe's father, Biagio Arcimboldo, was an artist in Milan. Like his father,

Art ARCIMBOLDO Giuseppe's father, Biagio Arcimboldo, was an artist in Milan. Like his father, Giuseppe Arcimboldo started his career as a designer for stained glass and frescoes at local cathedrals when he was 21 years old. He also married later on. In 1562, he became court portraitist to Ferdinand I at the Habsburg court in Vienna, and later, to Maximilian II and his son Rudolf II at the court in Prague. He was also the court decorator and costume designer. Augustus Elector of Saxony, who visited Vienna in 1570 and 1573, saw Arcimboldo's work and commissioned a copy of his "The Four Seasons" which incorporates his own monarchic symbols. Arcimboldo's conventional work, on traditional religious subjects, has fallen into oblivion, but his portraits of human heads made up of vegetables, plants, fruits, sea creatures and tree roots, were greatly admired by his contemporaries and remain a source of fascination today.

What are these faces made up of ? What fruit can you see ?

What are these faces made up of ? What fruit can you see ? What vegetables can you see? What flowers can you see? Match fruit, vegetables, flowers and the parts of the faces.

What is strange in this picture ?

What is strange in this picture ?

Arcimboldo’s style pictures

Arcimboldo’s style pictures

SCIENCE – Food pyramid • The world Health Organization, in conjunction with the Food

SCIENCE – Food pyramid • The world Health Organization, in conjunction with the Food and Agriculture Organization, published guidelines that can effectively be represented in a food pyramid to prevent obesity, chronic diseases and dental caries. The structure is similar in some respects to the USDA food pyramid, but there are distinctions between types of fats, and a distinction where carbohydrates are split on the basis of free sugars versus sugars in their natural form.