Ist Latin American and the Caribbean Regional Workshop
Ist Latin American and the Caribbean Regional Workshop Assessment for Impacts and Adaptation to Climate Change in Multiple Regions and Sectors (AIACC) San José, Costa Rica, Mayo 2003 Climate Outlooks An option for adaptation for Central America Patricia. Ramírez (CRRH- SICA)
Adaptative capacity: Ability of a system to adjust to climate change (including climate variability and extremes) to moderate potential damages, to take advantage of opportunities or to cope with the consequences (IPCC, 2001)
Central America is extremely vulnerable to climate variability 1960 – 1999 57. 000 deaths 1 O millions affected 30 billions US$ in losses Nicaragua, 1998 Honduras, 2001
Climate variability associated with climate change, likely to increase the Region’s already great vulnerability, represents a major risk for millions of Central Americans.
Around half of Central Americans live in poverty They are mainly: ØAgriculture day labourers ØFamilies leaving from subsistence agriculture ØOwners of small properties ØMigrants ØDwellers of border areas with limited access to health, water, education or other public services Estado de la Región, documento del café de la CEPAL, CAC/CORECA
Common famility and community profile • Grain (maize, shorghum, bean)production in small parcels. • Small cattle farms. • Combination of low technology grain production with cattle. • Irregular work • Seasonal migration for jobs. • 50 % of the communities in the area without potable water • 70% without health services. Intervention with development projects for these groups is recognized as urgent need
More vulnerable groups: Who are they ? Families living on subsistence agriculture ØAged Adults ØChildren under 36 months ØWomen in reproductive age
More vulnerable groups: Where do they live? Concentration of vulnerable groups living in areas phrone to droughts and floods
Increase in vulnerability will lead to increased poverty.
In Central America adaptation to climate variability and climate change should prioritize these groups Adaptation to climate variability and climate change is an opportunity for sustainable development
2001 -2003 Climate information for vulnerability reduction in Central America CRRH/NMHSs Objectives: ØStreghening regional capacity to regular production and dissemination of climate information and outlooks. ØApproach to organizations working in agriculture, food security, health and water management to evaluate potential use of the information produced by RCOFs. ØReduce RCOF cost through “distant” work.
2001 -2003 Central America Climate Forum climate data and outlooks Global Centers Products Regional Models Satelite Data FORO VIRTUAL Analysis Discussion National Reports PERSPECTIVA CLIMÁTICA REGIONAL Sectoral Users (Internet) Video Conference Others Health Water Management Risk management Agriculture Tourism
Climate information for vulnerability reduction in Central America 2002 -2003 Experience April 2002 Perspectiva del Clima Regional for May-July showed a large area with less than normal rainfall risk.
Climate Outlooks for vulnerability reduction in Central America 2001 -2002 Experience May-June 2002 Sectors experts analyzed and disscused Climate Outlook and probabilities with Forum climatologists
Availability of Seasonal Climate Perspectives triggered regional actions to cope with potential SISCA INCAP Regional Institutions Focus: Assesment for decision –making about needs, time frames, target groups or sectors Sinergies Aticulated Rregional and National Plans
Regional plans to manage drought risk focused in more vulnerable groups and communities.
Some examples
Plan for more vulnerable communities Objectives Mitigation plan: Prevent insecurity menacing identified vulnerable families Accelerate the nutritional recovery of children suffering malnutrition because of 2001 drought Recovery : Impowerment of women to create and sustain their assests At least 50% of capital resources in women hands. Prevention of nutritional deterioration in vulnerable groups
Instituto de Nutrición Centro América y (INCAP/OPS) Centro especializado de la OPS/OMS e institución del Sistema de Integración Centroamericana (SICA), promueve la iniciativa de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional a nivel regional, nacional y local, como estrategia para el desarrollo integral de las poblaciones de sus Estados Miembros INCAP Nutrional improved food for more vulnerable population Facilitates process, generates, promotes and transfer, Knowledge, techncnologies y methods Promotes introduction of more acceptable meals with donated SISCA food
Producción de pan nutricionalmente mejorado en Kuna Yala, San Blas, Panamá
GUATEMALA. SECTOR SALUD INCAP-OPS
RESPUESTA A LA CRISIS ALIMENTARIA DESDE EL SECTOR SALUD PLAN INTEGRAL DE ATENCIÓN A MUNICIPIOS EN POBREZA A RIESGO DE DESNUTRICION Vigilancia y Detección temprana de casos y población en riesgo Priorizados 102 municipios Reducción de riesgo de morbilidad y mortalidad Diseño de Sistemas Optimización del Diagnóstico de Casos y Manejo clínico de casos de la Desnutrición Aguda Vigilancia Nutricional Normas y Lineamientos para Alimentación a Grupos. Entrega de raciones a grupos (CRN, CCA) Capacitación a 335 Profesionales Información Recolección y Análisis de Datos 19 hospitales en 16 areas de Salud Educación y Para Evaluar Estado Nutricional sobre manejo de la desnutricióncomunicació aguda en 5 años (P/T) n (IEC) (*) CRN Centro de Recuperación Capacitación a personal de CRN(*) -54
PMA Projects focused in women, aimed to help them to sustain their family patrimony Results Introducción of garden crops with higher nutritional value Adaptation to climate hazards and Development • More food • Better water use • Improvement of leaving conditions Exchange work-food Benefit 12, 000 families Soil Conservation in the parcels of 7, 900 families Conservation of 5, 200 Ha
ORGANISMO INTERNACIONAL REGIONAL DE SANIDAD AGROPECUARIA (OIRSA) Outlook of more likely to appear diseases for each producing area according to above, normal or below normal rainfall scenarios.
ORGANISMO INTERNACIONAL REGIONAL DE SANIDAD AGROPECUARIA (OIRSA) Regional Actions • • • Characterization of mayor risk zones Characterization of enzoothics diseases Thecnology transfer to ranchers for better practices Production and storage of alterantive animal food Movilization of animals Integration of local and national assitance teams
Follow- up and other applications
Water management
2001 -2002 Climate information for vulnerability reduction in Central America Lessons learned Preparing and disseminating climate outlooks in Regional Climate Forum helped national and regional organization to reduce vulnerability of more vulnerable groups.
Lessons learned Use of telecommunication technology to quickly disseminate Climate Outlooks to sectors stakeholders showed to be a very cost efficient Mechanism to enlarge the target groups and accelerate the information flow.
Lessons learned Regional Climate Forum proved to be a cost efficient way for producing and disseminating information valuable for risk reduction of vulnerability Networking between climate information producers, and agriculture, food security, health, risk management organizations helped to overcome resource limitations.
Lessons learned Regional plans cope with potential 2002 ENSO impacts triggered actions in favor of vulnerable groups, that ended in better life conditions. Plans for food security, helped the Region to protect vulnerable population from malnutrition and health problems exacerbated by climate variability.
Lessons learned Use of seasonal climate outlooks to reduce vulnerability of Central America vulnerable groups showed to be tool to adapt to climate variability. Adaptation plans applied improved communities position to cope with potential climate change in the long run.
Lessons learned Efforts are needed to enlarge social capital by empowering social groups to use information and promote development strategies.
Comité Regional de Recursos Hidráulicos del Itsmo Centroamericano Muchas Gracias
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