IST 210 Database Administration Todd S Bacastow IST

IST 210 Database Administration Todd S. Bacastow

IST 210 Evolution of the DBA n n Data Processing Department Information Systems Department n n n Service Function to provide end users active data management support Production Function to provide solutions to information needs (application development) DBA – Database Administration n n Size and Role varies from company to company DBA’s function is very dynamic n n Distributed Databases Internet Databases Object Oriented databases Sophistication and Power of the DBMS packages

IST 210 Common Functions of DBA n Database Planning n n n n Standards, procedures, enforcement Requirements Gathering and Conceptual Design Logical Design Physical Design and Implementation Testing and Debugging Operations and Maintenance Training and Support

IST 210 DBA’s Managerial Role n Control and Planning Dimensions of Database Administration n Coordinating, Monitoring, and Allocating database administration resources n n n People Data Defining Goals and Formulating Strategic Plans for the Database Administration function

IST 210 DBA’s Responsibilities DBA Activity DBA Service Planning End-User Support Organizing Policies, Procedures, Standards Testing Monitoring Data Security, Privacy, Integrity Data backup and Recovery Delivering Data Distribution and Use

IST 210 End-User Support n User Requirements Gathering n n n Conflict and Problem Resolution n n Understanding of the users’ views and needs Present and Future information needs Solutions in one department may cause problems in another Finding Solutions to Information Needs Ensure Quality and Integrity of Applications and Data Build End-User Confidence Manage the Training and Support of DBMS users

IST 210 Policies, Procedures, and Standards n n n Policies: General Statements of Direction or action that communicate and support DBA goals Procedures: Written Instructions that describe a services of steps to be followed during the performance of a given activity Standards: More detailed and specific than policies, and describe the minimum requirements of a DBA activity n Rules that are used to evaluate the qualityof the activity

IST 210 Areas of Policies and Procedures n n n n n End-User database requirements gathering Database design and modeling Documentation and Naming conventions Design, coding, and testing of applications Database software selection Database security and integrity Database backup and recovery Database maintenance and operation End-user training

IST 210 Data Security, Privacy and Integrity n User Access Management n Define each user to the database n n n Assign Passwords Define User Groups Assign Access Privileges n n n Physical Access Control Protect and Control the Scope of the Data that is accessible to a user DBMS utilities access control n n Read Write Delete View Definitions n n Operating System Level Database Level Limit the use of query and reporting tools DBMS usage Monitoring n Audit Logs (More difficult in distributed databases)

IST 210 Data Backup and Recovery n Disaster Management n Periodic Data and Application Backups n n n n Full Incremental Concurrent Proper Backup Identification Convenient and safe backup storage Physical protection of hardware and software Personal Access Control to the software of a database installation Insurance coverage for the data in the database

IST 210 Data Backup and Recovery n Recovery and Contingency plans n n Tested Evaluated Practiced Will Not Recover all components of an IS n Establish priorities for the nature and extend of the data recovery process

IST 210 Data Distribution and Use n Data is only useful when: n n Programmers Deliver programs to access data n n Given to the Right User Right Time Right Format Time consuming for DBA Data Distribution allows end users to access the database n n Internet Intranets Queries, Web Front Ends End Users may make improper use of database, data duplication, etc.

IST 210 DBA’s Technical Role n n n DBMS and utilities, evaluation, selection and installation Design and implementation of Database Testing and Evaluation Operation of DBMS, Utilities, and Applications Training and Supporting Users Maintenance of DBMS, Utilities, and Applicaitons

IST 210 Evaluation, Selection, and Installation n n Selection of Hardware and Software Must be based on the Organization’s Needs Search is for a solutions to a problem, not a need for a software 1 st step is to determine companies NEEDS

IST 210 DBMS Checklist n n n n DBMS Model Storage Capacity Application Development Support Security and Integrity Backup and Recovery Concurrency Control Performance DBA tools Interoperability and Data Distribution Portability Hardware Data Dictionary Vendor Training and Support Third Party Tools Cost

IST 210 Design and Implementation n Determination and Enforcement of Standards and Procedures Ensure the Design activities are performed within the Standards and Procedures Ensure Transactions are: n n n Correct Efficient Compliant with Integrity and Standards Physical Design Operational Procedures

IST 210 Testing and Evaluation n All Database and End User Applications Maintained Independently of Development and Implementation Cover: n Technical Aspects n n n Evaluation of Documentation Observance of Standards n n n Backup, Recovery, Security, Integrity, SQL Naming, Documentation, Coding Data Duplication Conflicts with existing data Enforcement of Data Validation rules

IST 210 Operation of DBMS, Utilities, and Applications n System Support n n Performance monitoring and tuning n n n Day-to-day activity of the DBMS Performance Goals Evaluate if performance objectives are being met Isolate Problems and Find solutions Implement solutions Backup and Recovery Security auditing and monitoring n n Appropriate access rights Proper use of access privileges by programmers and end users

IST 210 Training and Supporting Users n n n Technical Training in the use of DBMS and Utilities for Applications Programmers Unscheduled on-demand technical support Interaction with DBMS vendors

IST 210 Maintenance of DBMS n n Dedicated to the Preservation of the DBMS environment Management of the Physical or Secondary Storage devices n n n Reorganizing the physical location of the data Upgrading the DBMS and Utility Software Exchange of data is dissimilar formats or between database

IST 210 Database Administration Tools n Data Dictionary n Store the Description of all objects that interact with the database n n n Integrated Include data outside of DBMS Standalone limited to data of DBMS Case Tools n n Computer Aided Software Engineering Automated Framework for the SDLC n Front-End Tools n n Planning, Analysis, Design Back-End Tools n Coding and Implementation

IST 210 Data Dictionary n Data Elements from all tables of all databases n n n n Names, Types, Format, Validation rules, When an Element is Used and by whom Tables defined in the database Indexes defined for each table Defined databases, and properties End Users and Administrators Programs that access the database Access Authorizations for all users Relationships among data elements

IST 210 Case Tools n n Reduction in development time and costs Standardization of Systems Development Methodologies Easier Maintenance of Application Systems Developed with CASE Tools Components: n n n Graphics Screen Painters and Report Generators Repository for Storing and Cross-Referencing the System Design Data (Data Dictionary) Analysis Segment for Automated Check on System Consistency, Syntax, Completeness Program Documentation Generator