Issues related to TPS In this unit you

Issues related to TPS In this unit you will: Assess the impact of TPS on participants. Identify jobs that have changed or have been created as a results of TPS. Report on the implications of these changes. Discuss alternatives to TPS. Explain why these alternatives need to be tested periodically Learn how the issues of bias, security, integrity and accuracy affect TPS. 12/12/2021 Issues related to TPS 1

The changing nature of work Automation of jobs… Refers to the use of IT to perform tasks once performed by people. Clerks have become data entry operators TPS have replaced most of the dull repetitive tasks. The use of the ATM have eliminated many jobs. The customer have become a data entry operator. TPS have boosted efficiency and increased services. Workers have to keep on upgrading their skills or face being replaced by more skilled workers. 12/12/2021 Issues related to TPS 2

The changing nature of work 12/12/2021 …Automation of jobs Banks employs more part time tellers since many withdrawals are done at ATM’s Paying bills by phone listening to a recorded instruction. Data collected directly from customer over the Internet not from a shop assistant. IT have eliminated some jobs and created new ones. Issues related to TPS 3

Non-computer backup procedures for TPS What happens if the system breaks down? 1. Set up procedures for regular backups. 2. Safe storage of originals copies of all software. 3. Have regular fire drills. 4. Test the data backup procedures. 5. Check and test replacement equipment. A disaster plan is a plan of action to recover from events that shut down or damage major information systems 12/12/2021 Issues related to TPS 4

Bias in data collection Bias is a systematic inaccuracy due to methods used in the collection, processing or presenting of data. Data collection methods and sources should be specified carefully and the protocols strictly adhered to. Data sources should always be checked and verified. Data entry forms should be field tested before being used Collecting data from EFTPOS and ATM – not an issue. Problems occur at the processing and presentation stages: Presenting tables and charts can be manipulated. Results and trends can be deliberately misrepresented. 12/12/2021 Issues related to TPS 5

Data security 1. 2. 3. 4. Refers to the protection of data once is has been collected. Restricting user access using passwords. Setting user access levels Highly sensitive data should be encrypted or stored offline in a locked location. The use of Firewals: Firewals • • • 12/12/2021 Checking passwords. Verifying and authenticating all incoming data. Multiple firewalls can be placed at critical points. Issues related to TPS 6

Data Accuracy Errors may occur at many stages: Data collection errors Data entry errors Out-of-date errors Mismatching errors 12/12/2021 Steps for improving data accuracy: Careful design/wording design Checking data for accuracy (data validation) Missing or out-of-range data should be detected. Issues related to TPS 7

Data integrity Refers to the reliability of the data. (ACID) Atomicity occurs when all of the steps involved in a transaction are completed as a group. Consistency occurs when a transaction successfully transforms the system and the DB from one valid state to another. Isolation transactions must not interfere with each other’s DB updates. Durability- all changes that a transaction makes to the DB become permanent when the transaction is committed. 12/12/2021 Issues related to TPS 8

Control in transaction processing Refers to the collecting of data and includes the way the TPS manipulates the data and the way errors are corrected. Monitoring participants performances. Motivating them towards greater efficiencies. Computer technology makes monitoring easy: E. g. Time spent on the Internet Cost of resources the use, (printer and stationery)… Can be abused to intimidate workers and increase stress levels Treats workers like machines. Workers and management must agree on how to use this data. Friendly rivalry and. Issues rewards can motivate workers and 9 12/12/2021 related to TPS

END of Issues related to TPS After studying this unit you should be able to: Assess the impact of TPS on participants. Identify jobs that have changed or have been created as a results of TPS. Report on the implications of these changes. Discuss alternatives to TPS. Explain why these alternatives need to be tested periodically Describe how the issues of bias, security, integrity and accuracy affect TPS. 12/12/2021 Issues related to TPS 10