Issues and Revolutionary War Chap 2 I Britain

Issues and Revolutionary War Chap 2

I. Britain vs. Colonies A. Increased tensions 1. Proclamation of 1763 closed area west of Appalachian Mountains to the colonist.

B. Paying for the War 1. Sugar Act 1764 2. Quartering Act 1765 3. Stamp Act 1765 4. James Otis, presents the idea of “no taxation without Representation”

C. Parliament steps in again 1. 1766, Declaratory Act passed, stating Parliament could pass laws in the colonies without consent. 2. 1767, passage of the Townsend Acts, placed duties on Tea, and glass.

D. Boston Massacre March 5, 1770 1. Crispus Attucks is the first to be shot and killed. Five die total.

This Day in History Aug 7 th, 1782 - George Washington created the Order of the Purple Heart.

2. John Adams- defends the soldiers "one of the most gallant, generous, manly, and disinterested actions of my whole life, and one of the best pieces of service I ever rendered my country. "

Sam Adams was leader of Sons of Liberty 3. 1773 Tea Act, colonist dress as Indian’s to destroy the tea.

4. Parliament passes Coercive Act ( 1774 Intolerable Acts), closed “Controlled” Boston Harbor till repayment of tea.

II. 1 st Continental Congress Meets (Sept 5, 1774) A. Boycott British goods B. King calls them “rebels”.

III. Shot heard around the World A. Paul Revere alerts the militia.

b. Battle of Lexington and Concord 1. April, 1775 1 st shots of war “Shot heard around the world. ” c. Battle of Bunker Hill 1. June. 1775 1 st major fighting. (showed British we would fight)

IV. 2 nd Continental Congress (May 10, 1775) A. George Washington Chosen as Commander of Continental Army.

B. Declaration of Independence 1. Patrick Henry’s “ give me liberty or give me death” (March 23, 1775) in Virginia House

This Day in History Aug, 1831 1 st U. S. steam engine train run (Albany to Schenectady, New York)

C. Thomas Jefferson chosen to draft it. 1. Enlightenment Idea “unalienable rights. ” (life, liberty, pursuit of happiness. )

2. John Hancock 1 st signer

This Day in History Aug 14 th, 1936 - The first basketball competition was held at the Olympic Games in Berlin, Germany. The U. S. defeated Canada, 19 -8.

VI. War Continues a. Early War 1775 1. Washington’s strategy was to fight a defensive war, overpowered New York.

2. Jan. 1776, Thomas Paine’s Pamphlet “Common Sense” encourages colonies toward independence.

3. Sept 1776, Hero/Spy- Nathan Hale captured in New York, by Gen Howe and sentenced to death. 'I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country. '

4. Christmas night 1776, Crosses the Delaware and Captures Trenton, N. J. , along with 1, 000 mercenary troops.

b. 1. 2. Turning point 1777 Saratoga, New York (British tried to cut off new England) Colonies victory opened formal alliance with France Gen. Burgoyne surrenders to Gen. Gates

3. 1780, General Arnold , commanding West Point is discovered to be a traitor. Benedict Arnold

4. 1781, Nathaniel Greene and Dan Morgan defeat Cornwallis in South Carolina forcing him to go to Yorktown.

c. The End and Results 1. 1781, Gen. Cornwallis in Yorktown, surrenders. 2. Treaty of Paris 1783 ends the War.

This day in History Aug 16 th 1954 - Sports Illustrated was published for the first time.

I. Early Government A. Articles of Confederation (1777) “creates a Republic” 1. Most power stays with the states. 2. One branch, Congress. 3. Each state had its own court system. 4. Could declare war and borrow money

B. Weaknesses 1. No power to tax. 2. No Federal court 3. No executive branch.

C. Shay’s Rebellion 1786 -1787 1. Do you Raise Taxes to pay war debts?

II. Constitutional Convention (May 1787) A. Decisions 1. George Washington elected president of convention.

b. Virginia Plan (James Madison) 1. bicameral (two house) legislature. 2. representatives based on number of citizens. 3. create an legislative, executive and judicial branch.

c. New Jersey Plan (William Paterson) 1. states have equal voting power. 2. states more power than the national government. 3. Government could regulate taxes.

d. The Great Compromise (July 1787) 1. Created a bicameral legislature 2. Senate= 2 votes 3. A House of Representatives based on the population. 4. 3/5 ths Compromise. Slave counts as 3/5 of population.

This day in History Aug 18 th, 1920 - Tennessee ratified the 19 th Amendment to the U. S. Constitution. The Amendment guaranteed the right of all American women to vote.

The Constitution

III. Battle for Ratification a. Federalist VS 1. Washington, Madison, Hamilton favored the Constitution. b. Bill of Rights 1. First 10 amendments. Anti-Federalist 1. Patrick Henry, Sam Adams, John Hancock. opposed the Constitution. (threat to state governments and individuals rights. )

This day in history Aug 21 st, 1959 - Hawaii became the 50 th state.

IV. Government Leaders A. President Washington and his Cabinet 1. Create a new Government 2. Help in French Revolution? 3. New Lands=Indians 4. Need $$$

b. Differences create Political Parties 1. Washington feared political parties could divide country. 2. Jefferson Hamilton Strict construction Loose construction Agrarian Industry/Business

V. Test of Federal power A. Paying debts 1. 1791, established First National Bank. 2. High tariffs 3. Tax on whiskey

B. 1794 Whiskey Tax Rebellion- 1 st test 1. Send soldiers, ends rebellion. (Federal power over laws)

C. Protest to taxes/Foreign Policy (1789 -1800) 1. 1793 Proclamation of Neutrality- stay out of war (France/England) 2. 1794, Jay’s Treaty supports G. B.

VI. John Adams President A. Political Parties Emerge 1. Federalists(Adams, Hamilton) vs. Democratic Republicans (Jefferson, Madison) B. 1796 Adams defeats Jefferson 1. Opposes Jay’s Treaty sends officials to Paris.

2. XYZ affair- French Agents wanted 250, 000 bribe and a loan of 10 million before the government would talk with the U. S. 3. 1798 Alien and Sedition Act