Issues and Challenges for Data Reuse in Archaeology

Issues and Challenges for Data Reuse in Archaeology Jeremy Huggett @Blck. Heath. Hopper introspectivedigitalarchaeology. com

Planning Research Re-using Data Collecting Data The research data lifecycle Processing & Analysing https: //www. ukdataservice. ac. uk/manage-data/lifecycle Data Preserving Data Publishing & Sharing Data

Planning Research Re-usin Data Collecting Data The research data lifecycle Processing & Analysing https: //www. ukdataservice. ac. uk/manage-data/lifecycle Data Preserving Data Publishing & Sharing Data

Shawn Graham & Ethan Wattrall http: //graeworks. net/digitalarchae/ “‘Data’ is prominent in two topics, but always new data. While we might ‘revisit’ an issue from time to time, no one is analyzing someone else’s data in any meaningful way in the broader noise of academia. ”

Event Data Marwick and Pilaar Birch (2018)

What’s going on? • Lack of appropriate digital literacy? • Too soon in the development cycle? • Negative academic perceptions of reuse? • Predominance of new data collection? • A matter of definition?

What is Reuse? Same method REPLICATION Other method REANALYSIS Same method REINTERPRETATIO N Other method REUSE (DATA) Same data Same question Research Same data Other question van de Sandt, Dallmeier-Tiessen, Lavasa and Petras (2019)

What is Reuse? Same method REPLICATION Other method REANALYSIS Same method REPRODUCTION Other method SUBSEQUENT RESEARCH Same method REINTERPRETATIO N Other method REUSE (DATA) Same method REUSE (CODE) Other method (No relation) Same data Same question Other data Research Same data Other question Other data van de Sandt, Dallmeier-Tiessen, Lavasa and Petras (2019)

What is Reuse? Same method REPRODUCTION Other method REANALYSIS Same method REPLICATION Other method SUBSEQUENT RESEARCH Same method REINTERPRETATIO N Other method REUSE (DATA) Same method REUSE (CODE) Other method (No relation) Same data Same question Other data Research Same data Other question Other data

Acknowledged Challenges • Storage and migration • Adequate documentation • Trust and credibility • Recognition/citation of reuse • Training • Reward structures

#1: Performativity of Data DATA as ‘THINGS GIVEN’ Applying Analyzing Interpreting Processing Organizing Abstracting Reducing DATA as ‘THINGS MADE’ Wisdom Knowledge Information Data THE PAST Conceptualizing Externalizing Atomizing Capturing Storing

#2: The Messiness of Data

#3: Operationalisation of Data

#4: Unanticipated Potential of Data

#5: Non-Human Actors & Data

#6: Environmental costs of Data

‘Deeper’ Challenges for Reuse 1. Capture performativity of creation 2. Capture data shadows and preunderstandings 3. Appreciate dispositions of data & repositories 4. Understand constraints on tools & data 5. Capture human decisions within automated data 6. Incorporate environmental costs

• Christine Borgman, Andrea Scharnhorst and Milena Golshan (2019) ‘Digital Data Archives as Knowledge Infrastructures: Mediating Data Sharing and Reuse’. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology 70(8), 888 -904. • Shawn Graham (2017) ‘Rehashing Archaeology – Critical Perspectives in Digital Archaeology, Feb 3 rd 2017’. https: //electricarchaeology. ca/2017/02/03/rehashing-archaeology-critical-perspectives-in-digital-archaeology-feb -3 rd-2017/ References • Isto Huvila (2016) ‘“If We Just Knew Who Should Do It”, or The Social Organization of the Archiving of Archaeology in Sweden’. Information Research 21(2) http: //www. informationr. net/ir/21 -2/paper 713. html • Fred Limp (2016) ‘Measuring the Face of the Past and Facing the Measurement’. In Digital Methods and Remote Sensing in Archaeology: Archaeology in the Age of Sensing, M. Forte and S. Campana (eds), 349 -369. • Lisa Lodwick (2019) ‘Sowing the Seeds of Future Research: Data Sharing, Citation and Reuse in Archaeobotany’. Open Quaternary 5, art. 7. • Ben Marwick and Suzanne Pilaar Birch (2018) ‘A Standard for the Scholarly Citation of Archaeological Data as an Incentive to Data Sharing’. Advances in Archaeological Practice 6(2), 125 -143. • Keith Pendergrass, Walker Sampson, Tim Walsh and Laura Alagna (2019) ‘Toward Environmentally Sustainable Digital Preservation’. The American Archivist 82(1), 165 -206. • Stephanie van de Sandt, Sünje Dallmeier-Tiessen, Artemis Lavasa and Vivien Petras (2019) ‘The Definition of Reuse’. Data Science Journal 18, art. 22. • National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2019) Reproduction and Replicability in Science. https: //doi. org/10. 17226/25303 • Holly Wright and Julian Richards (2018) ‘Reflections on Collaborative Archaeology and Large-Scale Online Research Infrastructures’. Journal of Field Archaeology 43(sup 1), S 60 -S 67. • Alison Wylie (2017) ‘How Archaeological Evidence Bites Back: Strategies for Putting Old Data to Work in New Ways’. Science, Technology, and Human Values 42, 203– 225. • Yimei Zhu (2019) ‘Open-Access Policy and Data-Sharing Practice in UK Academia’. Journal of Information Science. https: //doi. org/10. 1177%2 F 0165551518823174