ISRAEL Background In the Bible God gave Abraham

ISRAEL Background --In the Bible, God gave Abraham and his descendants (the Jews) the land of Palestine for his willingness to sacrifice his son Isaac. --The Jews were conquered multiple times but when they rose up against the Romans in 66 AD, the Romans destroyed the Temple of Solomon and dispersed the Jews throughout Europe. (The Diaspora). 20 th Century --In the early 20 th century, Palestine was a Muslim country annoyed that Jews were returning. Within Palestine is the city of Jerusalem. --Upon hearing about the Holocaust perpetrated against the Jews by Nazis, the world felt sorry for the Jews and decided recreate their homeland nation of Israel by taking some land away from Arabs. --Israel was created in 1948 by the United Nations. Jews were given swamp and desert to create their democratic nation. --Angry Muslim nations of the Middle East attack and lose in 1948, 1952, 1956, 1967, and even during the 70 s, and 80 s. Palestinians still fight for the land today. --After the first war in 1948, Palestine was completely lost and Palestinians became a people without a home who believe the Jews stole their country illegally. --They establish the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) led by Yasser Arafat to regain their homes. --Since the Palestinians could not win in war, they resort to terrorism (bombs hijacking planes, and kidnapping to let the world know that they are unhappy and want their country back. --President Jimmy Carter had Israel and Egypt meet to try and create peace in the Middle East. (Camp David Accords. ) --President Clinton had Israel and the PLO meet and make peace. Though Palestinians have some control over the West Bank, Gaza Strip and the Golan Heights there is still fighting today. American Relations with the Middle East in the 20 th century Big Ideas Jews used to control the land control it again today. Jerusalem is a city important to 3 religions Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The major ally of Israel is the United States. The entire Middle East does not like Israel, Muslims believe that the land was stolen Muslims in the Middle East dislike the United States because Israel is their ally. Palestinians resort to terrorism when war does not get them the land back. The United States has tried multiple times to create peace in the Middle East. The United States helps Israel because they are democratic and western in their thinking. We helped to create the country in 1948. We also trade with Israel

ISRAEL Background --In the Bible, God gave Abraham and his descendants (the Jews) the land of Palestine for his willingness to sacrifice his son Isaac. --The Jews were conquered multiple times but when they rose up against the Romans in 66 AD, the Romans destroyed the Temple of Solomon and dispersed the Jews throughout Europe. (The Diaspora). 20 th Century --In the early 20 th century, Palestine was a Muslim country annoyed that Jews were returning. Within Palestine is the city of Jerusalem. --Upon hearing about the Holocaust perpetrated against the Jews by Nazis, the world felt sorry for the Jews and decided recreate their homeland nation of Israel by taking some land away from Arabs. --Israel was created in 1948 by the United Nations. Jews were given swamp and desert to create their democratic nation. --Angry Muslim nations of the Middle East attack and lose in 1948, 1952, 1956, 1967, and even during the 70 s, and 80 s. Palestinians still fight for the land today. --After the first war in 1948, Palestine was completely lost and Palestinians became a people without a home who believe the Jews stole their country illegally. --They establish the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) led by Yasser Arafat to regain their homes. --Since the Palestinians could not win in war, they resort to terrorism (bombs hijacking planes, and kidnapping to let the world know that they are unhappy and want their country back. --President Jimmy Carter had Israel and Egypt meet to try and create peace in the Middle East. (Camp David Accords. ) --President Clinton had Israel and the PLO meet and make peace. Though Palestinians have some control over the West Bank, Gaza Strip and the Golan Heights there is still fighting today. American Relations with the Middle East in the 20 th century Big Ideas Jerusalem is a city important to 3 religions: _____________________________________________ Why are the Jews given Israel after so many years? _____________________________________________ Why do Jews believe the land is theirs? _____________________________________________ Why do Palestinians believe the land is theirs? _____________________________________________ What strategies have the Palestinians used to get the land back? _____________________________________________ Why would the US help Israel? _____________________________________________ How do Muslim countries feel about America’s position on Israel? _____________________________________________ Can America deal with the PLO? Should They? _____________________________________________ How do you think this situation can be solved? _____________________________________________

Oil Crisis --Egypt and Syria went to war with Israel in 1972. The US backed Israel which made the Muslim countries angry. They decided an oil embargo would hurt the United States and end their friendship with Israel. --The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) (map 825) would not sell oil to the US and the price of oil skyrocketed (4 x) leading to inflation and recession in US. Iran --After WW II, the US helped the Shah (King) of Iran by giving him aid so that Iran would become a more modern, western, democratic country. Since Iran sold oil to the US, the US didn’t want Iran to become communist. --Muslim scholars did not want Iran to become like the west. They wanted the laws and traditions of the Koran (Islam’s Holy Book) to guide the people. --An extremely traditional religious leader, Ayatollah Khomeini, thought that America was a land of immorality and that its culture was sinful. In Feb 1979, he entered Iran and many people helped him overthrow the Shah. These people thought that the Shah was a puppet of America. Everything western was forbidden. Western laws were replaced by the law of the Koran. No alcohol, theaters, women needed to cover themselves and men were to spend evenings with their family. --The Shah was sick and came to a US Hospital, Iran was angry and broke into the US embassy in Iran kidnapping 52 people. The hostages were beaten and tortured. --President Carter tried to negotiate their release, cut off and even sent a rescue mission but attempts failed and the US was humiliated. Carter not reelected and hostages released after 444 days. --Khomeini tells other Muslims to take over their governments to establish traditional Muslim leadership. Saddam Hussein is not happy and Iraq declares war on Iran. This fight lasts from 1979 -1989. --During Reagan’s presidency, the US sold guns to Iran to help them fight Iraq and used the money to supply rebels in Nicaragua fighting against a communist gov’t. America was angry at the deception (Iran-Contra Affair) Iraq --1990, Saddam Hussein attacked Kuwait for its oil. 28 countries of the UN put together forces led by President George Bush and Gen. Colin Powell which forced Iraq out of Kuwait. Bush does not send in troops to force Saddam from power but uses an embargo to force him to behave better. Instead, Saddam allows his people to suffer and remains a threat to the US. American Relations with the Middle East in the 20 th c. Part II • • The US wants the Middle East to be western modern and democratic and not communist. The US needs oil and when OPEC put on the embargo, America faced recession. The Middle East sees America as decadent (Sodom) Hostage Crisis embarrassed US (Carter) Iran Contra Affair also embarrasses presidency America fights for oil but leaves Saddam in power-leaving room for the sequel Colin Powell Af. Am—youngest brigadier general, National Security advisor, and youngest leader joint chiefs of staff.

American Relations with the Middle East in the 20 th c. Part II Oil Crisis --Egypt and Syria went to war with Israel in 1972. The US backed Israel which made the Muslim countries angry. They decided an oil embargo would hurt the United States and end their friendship with Israel. --The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) (map 825) would not sell oil to the US and the price of oil skyrocketed (4 x) leading to inflation and recession in US. Iran --After WW II, the US helped the Shah (King) of Iran by giving him aid so that Iran would become a more modern, western, democratic country. Since Iran sold oil to the US, the US didn’t want Iran to become communist. --Muslim scholars did not want Iran to become like the west. They wanted the laws and traditions of the Koran (Islam’s Holy Book) to guide the people. --An extremely traditional religious leader, Ayatollah Khomeini, thought that America was a land of immorality and that its culture was sinful. In Feb 1979, he entered Iran and many people helped him overthrow the Shah. These people thought that the Shah was a puppet of America. Everything western was forbidden. Western laws were replaced by the law of the Koran. No alcohol, theaters, women needed to cover themselves and men were to spend evenings with their family. --The Shah was sick and came to a US Hospital, Iran was angry and broke into the US embassy in Iran kidnapping 52 people. The hostages were beaten and tortured. --President Carter tried to negotiate their release, cut off and even sent a rescue mission but attempts failed and the US was humiliated. Carter not reelected and hostages released after 444 days. --Khomeini tells other Muslims to take over their governments to establish traditional Muslim leadership. Saddam Hussein is not happy and Iraq declares war on Iran. This fight lasts from 1979 -1989. --During Reagan’s presidency, the US sold guns to Iran to help them fight Iraq and used the money to supply rebels in Nicaragua fighting against a communist gov’t. America was angry at the deception (Iran-Contra Affair) Iraq --1990, Saddam Hussein attacked Kuwait for its oil. 28 countries of the UN put together forces led by President George Bush and Gen. Colin Powell which forced Iraq out of Kuwait. Bush does not send in troops to force Saddam from power but uses an embargo to force him to behave better. Instead, Saddam allows his people to suffer and remains a threat to the US. What does the US want when it comes to the Middle East? ________________________________ How does OPEC hurt the US? ________________ What does the Muslim Middle East think about the US? ________________________________ How does the Hostage crisis effect Jimmy Carter? How does it effect the United States? ________________________________ What happens to the presidency as a result of the Iran Contra Scandal? ________________________________ Why has Saddam Hussein shown aggression? ________________________________ Why does the US fight Saddam Hussein? ________________________________ Could the US acted differently against Saddam? ________________________________