ISO 14040 LCA functional unit system boundaries Cutoff
目的與範疇界定(ISO 14040) 定義LCA研究的目的 選用功能單位( functional unit) 界定系統邊界(system boundaries) 切斷準則(Cut-off rules) 數據品質要求 2021/2/23 4
LCA邊界 2021/2/23 9
展開/樹枝圖 Life Cycle of a Fax Machine Assemblies Upstream components Electricity Use paper electricity Carbon black 2021/2/23 Disposal scenarios Toner cartridge Resin production Magnetite production 14
數據來源 商用資料庫，如Franklin, Boustead, …. 業部門所提供的數據, 如 the European Plastic Manufacturers, the Aluminium and Steel industries etc. 學校或其他研究單位, 如 the ESU database on energy systems in Switzerland. 2021/2/23 20
由國家提供之研究計畫，如USEPA 一般文獻; 特別是程的數據, 如the Ullmans Encyclopaedia of Industrial Chemistry. 特別的網址, 如 www. spold. org and www. globalspine. com. 2021/2/23 21
衝擊評估的選定 Goal: Why use LCA? Scope: • Which applications? • How are results reported, and to who? • Who will do it? 2021/2/23 Eco-design Interface with your organization Implementation plan for of LCA Designers Strategy development Product declarations Benchmarking EMS Eco-indicators Product managers LCA experts All details Aggregated scores and some details EMS specialists LCC 34
ISO對衝擊評估的要求 強制要求元件, 如分類(classification) 和特徵化(characterization)。 建議上的元件, 如常態化 (normalization)、排序(ranking)、組 合化(grouping)及權重(weighting)。 2021/2/23 35
溫室氣體 CO 2 N 2 O CH 4 GWP 1 310 21 (1) 2, 400 0 0 (1)equ. CO 2 2, 400 0 0 (2) 1, 600 0. 34 2. 4 (2)equ. CO 2 1, 600 100 50 (3) 720 0. 058 0. 23 (3)equ. CO 2 720 18 4. 8 (4) 4, 700 0. 4 2. 6 (4)equ. CO 2 4, 700 120 55 Total 2, 400 1, 750 740 4, 880
Eco-indicator 95模式 2021/2/23 51
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