ISO 14000 Environmental protection Polluter pays MST 324

ISO 14000 Environmental protection Polluter pays MST 324 lecture 6 1 April 2003 Marine Sports +/ISO 14000. ppt

Management Systems • BS 5750/ISO 9000 quality • BS 7750/ISO 14000 environment • BS 8800 occupational health and safety • BS 8888 technical product documentation 1 April 2003 Marine Sports +/ISO 14000. ppt

ISO 14000 • the model for an environmental management system • several guideline standards • one compliance standard -- ISO 14001 Environmental Management Systems • a process similar to ISO 9000 registration 1 April 2003 Marine Sports +/ISO 14000. ppt

ISO 14000 • ISO 14000 series is modeled after the BS 7750 Environmental Management Systems originally published in 1992 and updated in 1994 • from Uruguay GATT negotiations and Rio Environment Summit in 1992 • BS 7750 pilot implementation program involved nearly 500 participants 1 April 2003 Marine Sports +/ISO 14000. ppt

ISO 14000 • An organization may elect to comply with ISO 14001 as a: · model for an Environmental Management System · format to audit the Environmental Management System against · method of demonstrating the Environmental Management System compliance · process for third party and/or customer recognition · public declaration of their Environmental Management System 1 April 2003 Marine Sports +/ISO 14000. ppt

ISO 14000 Benefits of implementing ISO 14001 may include: · enhanced compliance to legislation · facilitated financial and real estate transactions, where environmental performance is a factor · reduced costs associated with consumer audits · ability to bid for contracts (protection or increase of market share) · market forces (a real or perceived 'greening' of the marketplace) · economic return from increased efficiency of resource use; and · increased ability to adapt to changing circumstances. 1 April 2003 Marine Sports +/ISO 14000. ppt

ISO 14000 Registration to ISO 14001 should be considered if it: · is a customer or industry requirement; · complements market strategy; or · is perceived as a valuable motivational factor. 1 April 2003 Marine Sports +/ISO 14000. ppt

ISO 14000 · Registration generally requires twelve to eighteen months of effort depending on the complexity of the organization and the existing systems. · It will take at least the same time to develop and implement an Environmental Management System which compiles with ISO 14001 requirements. 1 April 2003 Marine Sports +/ISO 14000. ppt

ISO 14000 ISO 14001 Environmental Management System Elements: 1 Environmental policy 2 Planning 2. 1 Environmental aspects 2. 2 Legal and other requirements 2. 3 Objectives and targets 2. 4 Environmental management program(s) 3 Implementation and operation 3. 1 Structure and responsibility 3. 2 Training, awareness and competence 3. 3 Communication 3. 4 Environmental management system documentation 3. 5 Document control 3. 6 Operational control 3. 7 Emergency preparedness and response 4 Checking and corrective action 4. 1 Monitoring and measurement 4. 2 Non-conformance and corrective and preventive action 4. 3 Records 4. 4 Environmental management system audit 5 Management review 1 April 2003 Marine Sports +/ISO 14000. ppt

ISO 14000 Standard Title / Description 14000 14001 14010 14011 14012 14013/15 14020/23 14024 Guide to Environmental Management Principles, Systems and Supporting Techniques Environmental Management Systems - Specification with Guidance for Use Guidelines for Environmental Auditing - General Principles of Environmental Auditing Guidelines for Environmental Auditing - Audit Procedures 1: Environmental Management Systems Guidelines for Environmental Auditing - Qualification Criteria for Environmental Auditors Guidelines for Environmental Auditing - Audit Programmes, Reviews & Assessments Environmental Labeling - Practitioner Programs Guiding Principles, Practices and Certification Procedures of Multiple Criteria Programs 14031/32 14040/43 14050 14060 1 April 2003 Guidelines on Environmental Performance Evaluation Life Cycle Assessment General Principles and Practices Glossary Guide for the Inclusion of Environmental Aspects in Product Standards Marine Sports +/ISO 14000. ppt

ISO 14000 Sally Lee, Environmental Purchasing Strategy Specialist at Ford Motor Company recently interviewed by the Environmental Management Report stated: “that they are generally pleased with the response to date and do not plan to extend the deadline”. The deadline she refers to is December 31, 2001 when Ford’s Tier I suppliers must certify at least one of their manufacturing facilities to the ISO 14001 Standard and all manufacturing sites shipping products to Ford by July 1, 2003 1 April 2003 Marine Sports +/ISO 14000. ppt

ISO 14000 • IBM strongly encouraging it suppliers to register to ISO 140001 • General Motors has announced that it will require all of its suppliers to be certified to the ISO 14001 Standard by December 31, 2002. 1 April 2003 Marine Sports +/ISO 14000. ppt

Some URLs for ISO 14000 • http: //www. iso. ch/iso/en/iso 9000 -14000/pdf/iso 14000. pdf • http: //www. bsi-global. com/Import+Export+Advice/Useful+Publications/Management/ISO 14000. xalter • • http: //www. iso 14000. org/. . . (free software download) http: //www. iso 14000. com/ http: //www. mgmt 14 k. com/ems. htm http: //www. trst. com/iso 3. htm#Mini Cases • http: //www. ecologia. org/iso 14000/standard/factsheet. html • http: //www. quality. co. uk/iso 14000. htm • http: //www. iisd. org/greenstand/default. htm 1 April 2003 Marine Sports +/ISO 14000. ppt

Environmental Protection Act • Environmental Protection Act 1990 #http: //www. hmso. gov. uk/acts 1990/Ukpga_19900043_en_1. htm • National Environmental Policy Act 1969 #http: //www. epa. gov/epahome/laws. htm • Canadian Environmental Protection Act 1999 #http: //lois. justice. gc. ca/en/C-15. 31/ 1 April 2003 Marine Sports +/ISO 14000. ppt

Environmental Protection Act • I: Integrated Pollution Control and Air Pollution Control by Local Authorities • II: Waste on Land • III: Statutory Nuisances and Clean Air • IV: Litter, etc. • V: Radioactive Substances • VI: Genetically Modified Organisms • VII: Nature Conservation and Countryside Matters • VIII: Miscellaneous • IX: General 1 April 2003 Marine Sports +/ISO 14000. ppt

Polluter Pays principle • Core of the "Polluter Pays" principle is that #the polluter should pay for any environmental damage created #the burden of proof in demonstrating that a particular technology, practice or product is safe should lie with the developer, not the general public. • Unfortunately, when and how much the polluter should pay is often unclear. 1 April 2003 Marine Sports +/ISO 14000. ppt

Polluter Pays principle • One way to adequately implement the polluter pays principle in the real world makes use of what are known as assurance bonds. # money put up by the "polluter" to insure against a worst case environmental impact # the bond recovered only if after sufficient time it is demonstrated that the technology, process or product in question had been deemed to be safe as was reasonably acceptable. # Alternatively, if damage occurred, the bond would be used for environmental restoration, and to pay damages to anyone who had been harmed. # Bond accrues interest: the "polluter" receives an incentive to ensure that best environmental practice is followed, and to demonstrate that the technology, process or product is as safe as is practicably possible, without involving excessive cost. 1 April 2003 Marine Sports +/ISO 14000. ppt

URLs for • Polluter Pays principle http: //europa. eu. int/comm/regional_policy/sources/docoffic/working/doc/ppp_en. pdf • http: //www. doc. mmu. ac. uk/aric/esd/Principles/Polluter_Pays. html • http: //www. who. int/environmental_information/Information_resources/documents/Healthteachersg/ch 2. pdf • http: //www. greenpeace. org/politics/RIOplus 10/ppp 3. PDF • http: //www. unesco. org/mab/capacity/ucep/brief 1. pdf • http: //sedac. ciesin. org/pidb/texts/oecd/OECD-4. 09. html 1 April 2003 Marine Sports +/ISO 14000. ppt

Precautionary Principle Poul Harremoës, David Gee, Malcolm Mac. Garvin, Andy Stirling, Jane Keys, Brian Wynne and Sofia Guedes Vaz The Precautionary Principle in the 20 th Century: Late Lessons from Early Warnings Earthscan Publications, London, 2002. ISBN 1 85383 893 4. Library 333. 714 PRE 1 April 2003 Marine Sports +/ISO 14000. ppt

Precautionary Principle • Harremoës et al book. . . • • fisheries benzene PCBs diethylstilboestrol sulphur dioxide Great Lakes chemicals mad cow disease 1 April 2003 radiation asbestos halocarbons growth promoters (2) lead in petrol TBT antifoulants Marine Sports +/ISO 14000. ppt

Precautionary Principle Tri Butyl Tin anti-foulants • C 4 BC • 1824 • 1863 • 1943 1 April 2003 Aristotle notes small fish (barnacles) slow down ship Sir Humphrey Davy: anti-fouling action of copper sheathing on wooden ships related to rate of Cu solution Tarr & Wonson, US patent 40 515 Cu 20 as anti-fouling toxin (AFT) Tisdale, Brit patenet 578 312 organotin compounds as AFT Marine Sports +/ISO 14000. ppt

Precautionary Principle Tri Butyl Tin anti-foulants • 1960 s • 1970 1971 1 April 2003 introduction of commercial TBT AFT rapid take-up of TBT by shipping and small boats Blaber (Plymouth Sound): appearance of penis in female dogwhelks (Nucella lapillus) Smith (US East Coast): “imposex” in mud-snails (Nassarius obsoletus). . development of male sexual structures in females Marine Sports +/ISO 14000. ppt

Precautionary Principle Tri Butyl Tin anti-foulants • 1975 New Scientist v 35 p 316 hull drag due to fouling estimated to consume 25% of US Navy fuel • early 1980 s: TBT responsible for imposex in oyster drill (Oceanebra erinacea) in Arcachon Bay (French Atlantic) Oyster production falls by 80% from mid 1970 s to 1981 (15 K -> 3 K tonnes) due to reproductive failure and shell deformation 1 April 2003 Marine Sports +/ISO 14000. ppt

Precautionary Principle Tri Butyl Tin anti-foulants • 1982 France legislates to prohibit TBT AFT on vessels <25 m • 1985 UK controls on sale of TBT AFT for use on small vessels • Jan ‘ 87 reduction of UK TBT levels • May ‘ 87 total UK ban on retail sales of TBT AFT on vessels <25 m • 1988 Prohibition in US • 1989 Prohibition in Canada - NZ - Oz 1 April 2003 Marine Sports +/ISO 14000. ppt

Precautionary Principle Tri Butyl Tin anti-foulants • 1991 • 1994 • 1995 • 1998 • 2003 • 2008 1 April 2003 harmonisation of EU TBT controls MEPC “no further controls were necessary” 4 th Conf Protection of the North Sea agreed concerted action for worldwide phase-out of TBT on all ships MEPC draft mandatory regulations phase out of application of TBT phase-out of the presence of TBT on ALL ship hulls Marine Sports +/ISO 14000. ppt