ISLAM Islam is intimately connected with the JudeoChristian

ISLAM Islam is intimately connected with the Judeo-Christian tradition -Muslims are strictly monotheistic. -They believe in the Judeo-Christian God. -Muslims believe that the Torah and the Bible, like the Qur’an, is the word of God. -“Allah” is the Arabic word for God. Christian and Jewish Arabs use the same word to refer to God. -Muslims believe that people fall away from God and that He sends a new “rasul” or Messenger. -Muhammed was God’s final Messenger.

ISLAM Muslims believe in all the Judeo-Christian prophets—But Muhammad is the Final Prophet -Belief in the prophets before Muhammad is a cornerstone of Islam. -Muslims believe in all the Judeo-Christian prophets and their respective stories. -Adam - Noah - Abraham -Ishmael - Isaac - Jacob -Joseph - Job - Moses -Aaron - David - Solomon -Jonah - John - Jesus

ISLAM Core Concept of Islam -Islam means submission—submission in peace to the will of Allah -Shari’ah or law of Islam expresses what these terms are (more below) -Although Islam has much in common with the Judeo-Christian tradition, key differences include the degree of God’s involvement in the world (he’s not directly), the role of reason in faith, and the idea that the world is to be enjoyed.

ISLAM Mouhammad Life’s -Muhammad was born in 570 A. D. in Mecca -In 610, in the Cave of Hira, he received his first revelation from the angel Gabriel. -In 622, he left Mecca for Medina. This date marks the beginning of the Muslim calendar. -By the time he died in 632, Islam was a thriving religion. -The revelations he received were compiled into the Qur’an after his death. -Qur’an was copied down in an authoritative form about 20 years after Muhammad died.

ISLAM The Articles of Faith One and Only One God Has no body, nor form, no physical attributes or characteristics. No beginning and no end

ISLAM The Articles of Faith The Angels Created by God as beings with intellect, carry out God’s commands. Two or more angels are assigned to each human to keep record.

ISLAM The Articles of Faith The Revealed Scriptures The Holy Qur’an has not been changed by human additions or deletions for 1400 years.

ISLAM The Articles of Faith The Qur’an (The Koran) Revealed to Mohammad by Gabriel over 23 years. It is the word of God spoken through Gabriel recorded by Mohammad.

ISLAM The Articles of Faith The Accountability—The Hereafter It is the duty of each person to work out his or her own destiny, each person is responsible for his/her actions.

ISLAM The Articles of Faith Messengers of God—Prophets Ishmael forefather of Arab people. Muslims believe in all the prophets and that Mohammad is the last of them.

ISLAM The Articles of Faith The Divine Decree—The Destiny No such thing as random or chance events.

ISLAM The Acts of Worship The Five Pillars of Islam Shahada—Testimony Salat—Prayer Zakat—Almsgiving Sawm—Fasting Hajj—Pilgrimage

ISLAM Overview https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=On. DBTsk. OZik

ISLAM Shahada “There is no god worthy of worship except God and Muhammad is His Messenger. ” “La ilaha illa Allah; Muhammed rasul Allah. ” This declaration of faith is a simple formula that all Muslims pronounce and accept.

ISLAM Salat is the name for the mandatory prayers that are performed five times a day. They are a direct link between the worshipper and God.

ISLAM Zakat Muslims believe that all things belong to God, and that wealth is therefore held by people in trust. Zakat mean both ‘purification’ and ‘growth’. Muslims purify their possessions by setting aside a portion for those in need. For the most part, this involves a payment of at least 2. 5% of one’s capital every year.

ISLAM Sawm Every year during the month of Ramadan, Muslims fast from dawn until sunset. During this time, they refrain from both eating and drinking. Fasting is regarded principally as a method of self-purification. It helps make a person more sympathetic with those who go hungry and it allows for spiritual growth. The end of Ramadan is marked by a festival called Eid-al-Fitr.

ISLAM Hajj The Hajj is the annual pilgrimage to Mecca. Every Muslim who is physically and financially able is required to go at least once in his/her lifetime. 2 -3 million people go every year.

ISLAM Hajj Muslims performing the Hajj (a pilgrimage to Mecca). The simple white garments symbolize the equality of Believers.

ISLAM Islam Today Islam is the second largest religion in the world, and the fastest growing religion in the world. There are 1. 2 billion Muslims, comprising 20% of the world’s total population. There are 43 countries with Muslim-majority populations in Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, North Africa, and Eastern Europe.

ISLAM Countries With The Largest Muslim Populations Indonesia (183 million) 2. Pakistan (134 million) 3. India (121 million) 4. Bangladesh (114 million) 5. Turkey (66 million) 6. Iran (62 million) 7. Egypt (59 million) 8. Nigeria (53 million) 9. Algeria (31 million) 10. Morocco (29 million) 1.

ISLAM Where do Muslims come from?

ISLAM Muslims in America 3 -8 million Muslims in America Second largest religion in America (lumping together Catholic, Protestant, LDS etc. as Christian) Fast growing religion in America The history of Islam in America dates back to the slave trade.

ISLAM Apportionment of Muslims in the United States 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. California (20%) New York (16%) Illinois (8%) New Jersey (4%) Indiana (4%) Michigan (3%) Virginia (3%) Texas (3%) Ohio (3%) Maryland

ISLAM Jihad “Jihad” among extremists refers to “Holy Wars” against the infidels or of territorial expansion. Among moderates, Jihad refers to “Defense” of one’s faith; and or an “inner struggle” to rid oneself of evil and submit to Allah.

ISLAM Islamic Sects Most Muslims would agree on the basic principles of Islam Many varieties in beliefs and practices exist. The main groups are: Sunnis Shiites

ISLAM Sunni Comprises 85% of Muslims Considered to be mainstream everywhere except in Iran Sources of religious and legal authority are the Qur’an and the hadith (traditions) Analogy and consensus are used to arrive at solutions Sunnis often able to adapt to different cultures without losing their own values or beliefs

ISLAM Sunni Hadith Expand the basic teachings Answer legal questions Clarify ritual duties

ISLAM Shi’ities Claim that ‘Ali’s descendants were the true successors to Muhammad Shia community recognizes the Imams, the successors to ‘Ali’s Spiritual Authority Recognizes Koran only, not Koran but Sunna (traditional teachings) as authoritative.

ISLAM Shi’ities Started as a political dispute over the leadership of Islam Muhammad died without naming an heir; some believed his cousin Ali should be his successor 661 CE, Ali was murdered; 680 CE, his son, Husayn, was killed in Iraq Ali and Husayn were the first martyrs of the Shi’ites (Shia Ali)

ISLAM The Umayyad Caliphate Flourish from 661 to 750 Centered in Damascus Nearly took Constantinople (674 -77) but were deterred by Greek Fire Captured Spain but were defeated by Charles Martel at Tours in 732. Weakness of Umayyads—only Arabs could be Muslims—opposed by Abbasids who accepted Muslims of all ethnicities

ISLAM

ISLAM The Abbasid Caliphate Flourished from 750 to 1258 Centered in Baghdad Great libraries, academies, and schools. Translated classical Greek scholarship into Arabic—preserving it for posterity Achievements in Medicine, astronomy, and Mathematics Muslim states in West break away from Abbasid control beginning in 756. Seljuk Turks convert to Islam and conquer Abbasids (1055) but allow Abbasids to continue to rule Genghis Khan’s grandson topples Abbasids in 1258

ISLAM

ISLAM Islamic Civilizations Contributions Rhazes (d. 925): Medical expert of the Abbasid Dynasty who studied optics; Caesarian operations and more. Most famous treatise On Small Pox and Measles

ISLAM Islamic Civilizations Contributions Avicenna (d. 1037): A Muslim scholar of the Abbasid Dynasty who excelled in both Medicine and Philosophy His Canon of Medicine was translated into Latin in the 12 th century and by the 16 th century was in its 35 th edition.

ISLAM Islamic Civilizations Contributions Averroes (d. 1198): Philosopher of the Abbasid Dynasty who tried to harmonize Islamic faith with Aristotelian logic.

ISLAM Islamic Civilizations Contributions Distillation of Alcohol Developed about 800 Al-kuhl means “the essense”

ISLAM Islamic Civilizations Contributions Used for astronomy & for navigation. It is believed that the Muslim al. Fazari (d. 777 A. D. ) was the first scientist in the Mid. East to make an astrolabe, following the arrival of an Indian mission to Baghdad.

ISLAM Islamic Civilizations Contributions Muslim physicians were active in the advancement of surgical techniques, and were among the first to use narcotic and sedative drugs in operations.

ISLAM Islamic Civilizations Contributions The Muslim religion prohibited the picturing of human and natural forms. Muslim art was thus channeled into artistic displays of great geometric complexity and abstract ornamentation.