ISLAM ISLAM 1 2 billion Muslims today 7
ISLAM
ISLAM 1. 2 billion Muslims today 7 th century Monotheistic 2 nd largest religion in the world Sunni & Shiite Arabic
ALLAH Allah Arabic word for God
MUHAMMAD Last prophet of God Unified Arabia under Islam
Muhammad Born in Mecca-market town ~570 AD Pilgrimage site, Kaaba, Pagan temple Shepard, at 25 he married Khadijah (wealthy caravan business owner) At 40, while meditating he heard the voice of Gabriel, an angel He was being called to be the messenger of God Islam- Arabic for “to submit to God” Monotheistic- One true God, Allah
622 Muhammad was threatened with murder so he & his followers left Mecca and went to Medina. (journey known as hijra) 622 = First year of Muslim calendar Arabs in Medina converted to Islam, called Muslims, followers of Islam Muhammad returned to Mecca in 630 and destroyed all Arab idols in the Kaaba, temple that he believed Abraham built to worship the one true God. Kaaba is the holiest place in Islam
Monotheistic-belief in one God Prophets-Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Mohammed was the last and greatest Quran-sacred text Arabic-shared language unites Muslims around the world Teaches God’s will and is a guide to life Emphasize honesty, generosity, and social justice Harsh penalties for stealing or murder Judgment Day: Eternal punishment in hell or eternal bliss in paradise TEACHINGS OF ISLAM
5 PILLARS 1. Shahadah - profession of faith 2. Salah - ritual prayer 3. Zakah - alms tax 4. Sawm fasting during Ramadan 5. Hajj - pilgrimage to Mecca ● Muslim duties
Declaration of faith “There is no god but God, Muhammad is the messenger of God” Pray five times a day Ritual washing, face toward the city of Mecca Pray at home or in mosque, house of worship Give to charity or to the poor Fast during Ramadan Sunrise to sunset during the month when Muhammad received his revelations Hajj Pilgrimage to Mecca if a person is physically and financially able THE FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM
Jihad Struggle in God’s service Personal duty for Muslims Holy war to defend Islam and the Muslim community “People of the Book” Jews and Christians- All three worship the same God
ISLAMIC WAY OF LIFE ● Islamic law governs daily life ● Traditions determine behaviors & relations Hijab Sharia: Body of law Interpretation of Quran Applies religion to legal codes
Women Arab women could not inherit property, had to obey male guardians, some unwanted daughters were killed at birth Muslim women Quran prohibited killing of daughters, granted women inheritance, they were able to reject a marriage offer Women should dress modestly Not completely equal to men Less inheritance, harder to get a divorce
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