Islam in Asia Largest religion in Asia 25

Islam in Asia

• Largest religion in Asia, 25% of Asians are Muslim, around 1 Billion • 62% of Muslims are Asian

Variety in Jurispurudence • The different schools of thought were customized for different groups, based on the traditions, tendencies, culture, evils, and pagan rituals of particular societies. Imam Abu Hanifa's teachings' adoption in South Asia are a reflection of South Asian culture and ways. Imam Malik's teachings' adoption in North Africa was a response to a different arena

Hanafi • Comprises the largest number of Muslims • the oldest and most liberal school of law. • makes considerable use of reason or opinion in legal decisions. • non-hierarchial and decentralized • difficult for 20 th century rulers to incorporate its religious leaders into centralized state systems

Central Asia • Toleration of Islam during Russian Empire 1860 s to 1917 • USSR, Islam tolerated during the process of consolidation in which states were divided along ethnic lines, a political elite favorable to Marxism established, state schools and institutions created • 1930 s Islam suppressed • 1980 s Glasnost, Perestroika

Sub Continental Asia

Partition of British India • 1947 along with independence, British imperial territory divided between 3 states India, Pakistan, Bangladesh • Mountbatten Plan, Two Nations Theory – Religion is the determining factor in defining the nationality of Indian Muslims • • Population transfer 14. 5 million died, 12 million homeless 2 Million missing Retributive genocide on both sides

Delhi • Thousands of Hindu and Sikh refugees from Punjab poured into the city. • Muslim casualties between 20, 000 -25, 000 • Tens of thousands of Muslims became refugees • 330, 000 Muslims were forced to flee to Pakistan. • Muslim population from 33. 22% in 1941 to 5. 33% in 1951 • Total population increased by 1 Million in 10 years

• Pakistan Close military and economic relations with Saudi Arabia, US • Since the Partition of British India, conflicts have erupted in 1947, 1965, 1999 • 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War (East Pakistan)

China • Islam arrives around 650 through missionaries • 751 Battle of Talas • Expands as a result of contact with Muslim Traders • Islam receives few modern converts

Separation Anxiety • China recognizes 55 ethnic minorities, 10 are classified as Muslim • Uighurs, Kazakhs, and Tajiks • Xinjiang Province • Non-intervention foreign policy

• Fall of USSR brought demands for independence • Cultural and ethnic tensions sparked by influx of Han Chinese • 2009, riots resulted in the killing of over 200 Han

Southeast Asia Muslim Majorities: Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, South Philippines, South Thailand Trading patterns spread Islam

Australia • Muslims 2% of the population • Australians believe Muslims are 18% of population • Marginalization similar to Europe, disproportionate rates of unemployment (11%) and incarceration (10%)

• Asylum seekers, Afghanistan, • Sri Lanka, Iraq and Iran or Myanmar • Smugglers, extortion • Tony Abbott, "stop the boats" platform • Offshore resettlement, Nauru and Papua New Guinea