Islam I Arabia Before Islam A Nomads 1

Islam

I. Arabia Before Islam A. Nomads 1. Egalitarian poverty a. Status of women … WHY? ? ? 2. Leadership a. How does this tie people together? ? ? 3. Cooperation / Competition

I. Arabia Before Islam B. War 1. Inequality 2. Mecca a. North to Byzantium b. Northeast to Sassanid Empire

II. Prophet Muhammad A. Muhammad (570 – 632) 1. Background B. Revelations (610) 1. Key ideas 2. Creates Umma – What is this? ? ?

Discussion Question • How did the creation of the Umma help to create more unity among the people of Arabia?

II. Prophet Muhammad C. The Ka’ba 1. Caravan travelers a. Who do they worship? ? ? b. Why does Muhammad preach against this? ? ? 2. Muhammad’s teachings upset… WHY? ? ? a. Leaders of Mecca feared this would cost them $$$ HOW? ? ? b. Persecution

II. Prophet Muhammad D. Hijra (622) 1. Islamic calendar 2. Medina 3. Theocracy E. Jihad 1. Arabian Peninsula 2. Mecca is spiritual center 3. Medina is political center

III. Islamic Laws A. Dar al-Islam – WHAT IS IT? ? ? B. Five Pillars of Islam 1. Built around nomadic lifestyle • • • Proclamation Prayer Fasting Hajj Alms

III. Islamic Laws C. Islam and Women 1. Spiritually Equal – WHY? ? ? 2. Prior to Muhammad 1. Muhammad seen as savior to women 3. Women remain socially unequal a. Contrast

IV. After Muhammad A. Rashidun Caliphate (632 – 661) 1. Expanded empire 2. Religiously tolerant 3. Sunni / Shi’ite split 1. Shi’ite – Closest blood tie to Muhammad 2. Sunni – Blood ties irrelevant – most pious Quraysh

IV. After Muhammad B. Umayyad Empire (661 – 750) 1. Second wave of expansion WHERE? ? ? 2. Arabs given special status and privilege a. Leads to ? ? ? 3. Overthrown a. Used resentment of non-Arab Muslims

IV. After Muhammad C. Abbasid Empire (750 – 1258) 1. Golden Age of Islam (Pax Islamica) 2. Consolidation 3. Standardization a. All followers believe same thing 4. Economy 5. Overthrown by Mongols

IV. After Muhammad D. Turkish Rule (1055 – 1920 s) 1. Fragmentation 2. Abbasids weakened by use of Mamluks (slave soldiers and bureaucrats) a. Children of conquered people b. Converted to Islam, trained militarily, educated c. Used in military and government positions 3. Mamluks a. Seljuk (1055 - 1157) and Ottoman Turks (1299 – 1920 s)