Islam and the Crusades Islam submission to god

Islam and the Crusades

Islam = “submission to god. ” § Founder Muhammad § When: 610 C. E. § Where: Mecca (holy city), Saudi Arabia § Was previously polytheistic §

Islam One night while meditating Muhammad was visited by the angel Gabriel who spoke to him: “ Proclaim! In the name of your Lord who created. Created man from a clot of congealed blood. Proclaim! And your Lord is the most bountiful. ” § For 3 years he kept these revelations to himself, but then, he began to share them with the public and began to gain followers §

Muhammad’s Message § § § One god had created the universe and everything in it At the end of time people’s souls would be judged § Based on sins- paradise or hellfire Muhammad was the last of a series of holy prophets that included Abraham, Moses, and Jesus. People should submit to God Those who submit are called Muslims

Important Facts Islam is open to everyone § The Quran (Recitation) is the holy book of Islam. § Muslims abide by a series of rules called the “Five Pillars of Faith” §

The Five Pillars of Faith 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Belief (Shahadah): “There is no god but Allah and Muhammad is his messenger. ” Prayer (Salat): 5 times a day; face east toward Mecca. Charity (Zakat): Muslims give a portion of their income to the poor and charities. Fasting (Sawm): Muslims do not eat or drink between sunrise and sunset during Ramadan (month when the Quran was revealed to Muhammad. ) Pilgrimage (Hajj): Muslims are expected to take a journey to Mecca once in their lifetime.

Prayer towards the East Why are they facing to the East?

They are facing east towards Mecca. Why Mecca? Because it is the site of the Kaaba, a small shrine that is believed to be the most sacred spot on earth.

The Kaaba is believed to have once been White but it had become black by absorbing all the sins of the pilgrims who had touched it

Place of Worship The Islamic house of worship is the Mosque. Spiritual Leader. Imam

HISTORICAL IMPACT § 632 Muhammad died from illness § His teachings united the Arabs which resulted in the formation of an Islamic Empire in the Middle East § There are 1. 6 billion individuals who believe in Islam worldwide

Why did Christians go to Jerusalem during the Middle Ages?

The Crusades Pope Urban II issued a call to Christians for a Crusade (a holy war) to regain control of the Holy Land Over the next 300 years, Christians fought Muslim armies in 9 different Crusades In 1095, the Islamic Empire invaded & took the holy city of Jerusalem

Why did Christians go on the Crusades? Merchants wanted access to trade routes The Pope wanted to unite Knights wanted to Roman Catholic & Eastern support the Church; Orthodox Christians & regain Many hoped to gain holy lands from Muslims land & wealth

The Crusades But, Muslims took back Jerusalem & kept it during the Second & Third Crusades Christian soldiers took back Jerusalem during the First Crusade More Crusades were fought, but Christians never regained the Holy Lands

Effects of the Crusades The Crusades brought cultural diffusion & introduced new ideas into Western Europe Increased desires for luxury goods like silk, cotton, sugar, & spices. Introduced technologies like compass, astrolabe, ship designs, & gunpowder. Introduced ideas like Arabic numbers, chemistry, algebra, telescope.

During the Middle Ages, only priests could read & write. After the Crusades, Greek ideas learning increased & more people were educated. Roman ideas Islamic ideas Ideas about the Bible Chinese ideas

After the Crusades, people wanted High Middle Ages—Crusades brought Trade. Medieval led to thefairs growth of cities more luxury goods & began to trade iron & salt to the feudal manors; this was a very rare thing