Islam and its Architecture Opening Agenda Things you
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Islam and its Architecture Opening Agenda • Things you need: – Adventures in the Human Spirit Text – Guided note sheets – pages 25 -32 • Things to do: – Opener - Reading on Islam – Notes: Islam and Architecture – Class work: Arabesques, Mosque of Cordoba, and the Dome of the Rock
Opener Review Write these answers on the back of your guided notes. • 1) Name the religion that is the world’s oldest continuing religion? • 2) Describe the floor plan of a Hindu temple. • 3) Describe the garba griha. • 4) Why are some parts of the Hindu temple painted white? • 5) Why is the Hindu temple located near water? • 6) Is there one God or many gods in Hinduism? Explain.
The Rise of Islam - Page 124 -128 (page 32) 1. ) _______________ was the founder and prophet of Islam 2. ) Why might some Muslims today commit suicide, through terrorism, in defense of Islam? 3. ) __________ is the name of the event from which Muslims date their calendar. 4. ) To what three other prophets, in Islam, might Muhammad be compared? 5. )____________ is the universal language of Islam. 6. ) In what direction do Muslims face during prayer? 7. ) Islamic achievements were greatest in _________, and _____. 8. ) The world can thank Arabic centers of learning for preserving the works of these two Greek philosophers: ________ and _________. 9. ) The __________________, in Jerusalem, sits on the site where Jews believed Abraham prepared to sacrifice Isaac and where Muslims believed Muhammad ascended to visit heaven. 10. ) What is meant by “a common religious heritage…. . among Jews, Christians, and Muslims? ”
Opener - The Rise of Islam - Page 124 -128 1. ) _______________ was the founder and prophet of Islam • Muhammad 2. ) Why might some Muslims today commit suicide, through terrorism, in defense of Islam? • Death in defense of Islam brings immediate reward of Paradise 3. ) ______ is the name of the event from which Muslims date their calendar. • Hegira 4. ) To what three other prophets, in Islam, might Muhammad be compared? • Abraham, Moses, and Jesus 5. )____________ is the universal language of Islam. • Arabic 6. ) In what direction do Muslims face during prayer? • Mecca (East for USA) 7. ) Islamic achievements were greatest in _________, and _____. • science, mathematics and philosophy 8. ) The world can thank Arabic centers of learning for preserving the works of these two Greek philosophers: ______ and _________. • Plato and Aristotle. 9. ) The _____, in Jerusalem, sits on the site where Jews believed Abraham prepared to sacrifice Isaac and where Muslims believed Muhammad ascended to visit heaven. • Dome of the Rock 10. ) What is meant by “a common religious heritage…. . among Jews, Christians, and Muslims? ” Your opinion but use supporting evidence!
Opener #3 The Rise of Islam - Page 124 -128 1. ) Muhammadwas the founder and prophet of Islam 2. ) Why might some Muslims today commit suicide, through terrorism, in defense of Islam? Death in defense of Islam brings immediate reward of Paradise 3. ) Hegira is the name of the event from which Muslims date their calendar. 4. ) To what three other prophets, in Islam, might Muhammad be compared? Abraham, Moses, and Jesus 5. )Arabic is the universal language of Islam. 6. ) In what direction do Muslims face during prayer? Mecca (East for USA) 7. ) Islamic achievements were greatest in science, mathematics and philosophy. 8. ) The world can thank Arabic centers of learning for preserving the works of these two Greek philosophers: Plato and Aristotle. 9. ) The Dome of the Rock, in Jerusalem, sits on the site where Jews believed Abraham prepared to sacrifice Isaac and where Muslims believed Muhammad ascended to visit heaven. 10. ) What is meant by “a common religious heritage…. . among Jews, Christians, and Muslims? ” Opinion – Answers will vary.
• Basic Information: – – Islam Overview Islam – means submission to God Mecca – origin of Islam; most holy city Ramadan – 9 th month on the Hegira, considered holy 1500 years • Interesting Aspects: – – – No pork or alcohol Male Circumcision Polygamy permitted but not practiced universally Loans are not allowed to carry interest Intense study of mathematics • Five Pillars of Islam – – – One god, Allah Pray 5 times a day towards Mecca. Donate wealth to charity. Ramadan – fast sunrise to sunset. Hajj to Mecca, once in a life time • Similar to the Eight Fold Path (Buddhism) & Ten Commandments (Christianity)
Spread of Islam from 622 -750 C. E. What aspect of Islam would have caused it to spread so quickly? (Yellow - 10 years, Light Purple 39 years, Dark Purple 128 years)
Qur’an (Koran) • • Holy text of Islam 114 surahs (chapters) Arabic – language of Islam Kufic script – earliest of Arabic calligraphy styles - decorative, seen on the outside and inside of a mosque
Islam and Figurative Images • Allah is beyond all imagining so there are no paintings or pictures of him • Arabesques – intricate designs with sacred text - decorative motif; organic and geometric – elements of Islamic art used to decorate the walls of mosques that reflect the “infinite, uncentralized, nature of the creation of Allah”. – conveys spirituality without the iconography of Christian art. Geometric arabesque tiling on the underside of the dome of the Tomb of Hafez in Shiraz.
Arabesque Application • Objective: – To understand the complexity of an arabesque design by creating an Islamic Tile • Assignment: – You will decorate an Islamic tile provided by creating an arabesque design – Design colors should be limited to create unity within all tiles • Time Allotted: 15 minutes • Examples:
Structures of the Mosque • Minaret – Slender tower near a mosque – Used by the muezzin to call out for people to come to prayer Minaret
Structures of the Mosque • Mihrab – Niche indicating Mecca, direction Muslims pray. – Holiest place in a mosque – can be of wood or masonry and is adorned with pillars – decorated Mihrab
Structures of the Mosque • Minbar – Pulpit in a mosque – next to the mihrab – Platform from which anyone can speak , not just religious leaders – Speaker never goes to the top step ; reserved for Allah and the Prophet Muhammad Minbar
Identify the major structures found in a mosque.
The Mosque of Cordoba Answer the following questions on your learning guide http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=ULpt. Vma. Mj. Yw&feature=youtube_gdata_player
Mosque of Cordoba • Construction begun 784 – Enlarged in the 9 th and 10 th centuries • Eventually became one of the largest mosques in the Muslim West • In 1236, Ferdinand III king of Castile consecrated the Great Mosque as the city's cathedral – The building is now a mix of Islamic and Christian sacred structures • Structures: – Hypostyle prayer hall plan • consisting of a rectangular prayer hall and an enclosed courtyard – Hypostyle prayer hall • A hall with a roof supported by columns – 36 piers, 514 columns, double arch system that carries a wooden roof – Needed to raise a taller roof using shorter columns (reuse/recycle)
Dome of the Rock Preview of the first great Islamic building: http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=m 9 g. Kg. Hj. SGFs&feature=youtube_gdata_player
Dome of the Rock • This shrine was built in Jerusalem by the 9 th ruler between 688 -691. • Built not only to proclaim the supremacy of Islam, but to ensure that new followers of Islam would not be tempted by Christianity. • Significance of this site for the following religions: – Judaism • Over the foundation stone – Importance is similar to Mecca for Islam • where Abraham was going to sacrifice his son, Isaac • Stands above the believed location of Solomon's Temple and Herod’s Temple – Christianity • Constantine's mom built the first Christian church near this site – Constantine was Rome’s first Christian emperor – Islam • Muhammad ascended to Paradise from this rock to speak to Allah and then returned as Allah’s prophet.
Dome of the Rock • Why is it so pretty? – Basic structures: • Columns (different sizes), mirhab – Details • Full moon decoration on the top (symbolizes crescent moon symbol of Islam • Turkish tiles on the top (from the restoration in 50 s-60 s) and white marble on the bottom. • Arabic inscriptions from the Qur’an. – Mathematical rhythm. • All dimensions of the center circle are related to the major structures. – For example: each outer wall is 67 ft. long, which is exactly the dome’s diameter and exactly its height from the base of the drum.
Dome of the Rock • To recap…
Dome of the Rock Analysis • Objective: – To gain a greater understanding of the Dome of the Rock • Assignment: – Annotate the article by • Circling the most important word and phrase in each paragraph • Summarize each paragraph in the space provided • Time allotted: – 15 minutes
Dome of the Rock Analysis Determine whether or not the Dome of the Rock is a mosque, a shrine, a holy space, or a palace.
Dome of the Rock Analysis Objective: Determine whether or not the Dome of the Rock is a mosque, a shrine, Secular public space, or a palace. 1) Mosque- an Islamic structure for worship that includes minarets, a minbar, and a mihrab 2) Shrine- a structure dedicated or reserved for a person or special event 3) Secular public space: where individuals congregate without a religious association 4) Palace- residence of royalty Assignment: Complete the handout provided to determine the function of the Dome of the Rock Time Allotted: 10 minutes
So…What is it? Place your answer where appropriate. It’s a mosque. It’s shrine. It’s a sacred public place. It’s a palace.
Why does understanding the importance of the Dome of the Rock matter? http: //www. nytimes. com/2013/09/22/world/middleeast/jews-challenge-rules-to-claim-heart-of-jerusalem. html? _r=0 • Answer the question above on the back of your Islam guided notes as you watch the following clip.
Exit Slip • 1) Name the structures seen below: 1 2 • 2) What structure is considered the holiest in Islam? • 3) Is the Dome of the Rock a mosque or a shrine? • 4) Define arabesque. • 5) What basic architectural structure is essential to holding up the roof of the Mosque of Cordoba?
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