Ishida et al JPARCKEK JPARC Upgrade Plan for

Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK J-PARC Upgrade Plan for Future and Beyond T 2 K T. Ishida Neutrino Experimental Facility Group J-PARC / KEK [CONTENTS] 1. 2. 3. 4. Introduction Status of Accelerator Operation* J-PARC Upgrade Plan* Summary * By courtesy of T. Koseki (J-PARC) Ver. 1. 1 [Nov. 06] NBI 2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 1

Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK 1. Introduction Ver. 1. 1 [Nov. 06] NBI 2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 2

T 2 K: The 1 st experiment with J-PARC n facility Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK Discovery of nm ne oscillation (ne appearance) Precision measurement of nm disappearance Open possibility to explore CPV in lepton sector Ver. 1. 1 [Nov. 06] NBI 2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 3

T 2 K ne Appearance Result [data until Jun. 2012] Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK The 1 st ne event after EQ (Mar. 2012) 11 candidate events are observed with 3. 01 x 1020 pot Nexp=3. 22± 0. 43(sin 22 q 13=0) 10. 71± 1. 10 ( =0. 1) Probability=0. 08%(3. 2 s) Evidence of ne appearance Ver. 1. 1 [Nov. 06] NBI 2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 4

Next Step of T 2 K Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK Near Detector Observation (Me. V) Systematic error reaches already as small as 10% owing to near detector. We can achieve 5 s significance with ~8 x 1020 pot. It is within our reach before shutdown in summer, 2013. Ver. 1. 1 [Nov. 06] NBI 2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 5

Future LBL plans using J-PARC+HK @ Kamioka Fid. Mass 560 kt, L=295 km OA=2. 5 deg Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK Lo. I: The Hyper-Kamiokande Experiment Submitted Sep. 2011 [ar. Xiv: 1109. 3262 v 1], J-PARC+LAr @ Okinoshima 100 kt, L=658 km OA=0. 78 deg Current: T 2 K J-PARC ~0. 75 MW + 50 kt WC @ 295 km 2. 5° J-PARC P 32 (LAr Ver. 1. 1 [Nov. 06] TPC R&D), NBI 2012, ar. Xiv: 0804. 2111 CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 6

nm→ne probability 295 km Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK Normal hierarchy Neutrino Anti-neutrino 658 km Second max. 0. 4 Ge. V Ver. 1. 1 [Nov. 06] First max. 1. 2 -1. 4 Ge. V Required Run-Time To discover CPV: 10 years x 750 k. W WC: 3 yr x 750 k. W (n) + 7 yr (nbar) Liq. Ar: 10 yr x 750 k. W (n) NBI 2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 7

Expected ne CC candidates (HK LOI) 0. 75 MW× 3 yrs νe candidates sin 22θ 13=0. 1 ~4, 000 signal δ=0 δ=1/2π δ=3/2π diff. from δ=0 case stat. error only Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK 0. 75 MW× 7 yrs ~2, 000 signal δ=0 δ=1/2π δ=3/2π stat. error only δ=1/2π δ=π δ=3/2π To go to CPV discovery, intensity upgrade of J-PARC is the key Ver. 1. 1 [Nov. 06] NBI 2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012

Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK 2. Status of Accelerator Operation Ver. 1. 1 [Nov. 06] NBI 2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 9

Hadron Experimental Hall Materials and Life Science Facility（MLF) Main Ring A round = 1, 568 m January 2008 Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK Near Neutrino Detectors Neutrino Target Station T B 3 N 3 Ge. V RCS Neutrino Beam 3 -50 BT A round=348 m Transmutation Experimental Facility LINAC (330 m) J-PARC Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex Joint project btw. KEK & JAEA Ver. 1. 1 [Nov. 06] FY 01~08 Construction Nov. 2006~ LINAC Oct. 2007~ RCS May 2008~ MLF/MR Dec. 2008~ MR@30 Ge. V Jan. 2009 Hadron Apr. 2009 Neutrino NBI 2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 10

• Design Intensity: 1 MW Availability [%] Beam Power [k. W] Beam power [k. W] Availability [%] Accumulated beam power [MWh] Accumulated beam power (New target) [MWh] Stable operation of 275 k. W successfully demonstrated Ver. 1. 1 [Nov. 06] NBI 2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK Accumulated Beam Power [MWh] Beam delivery from RCS to MLF 11

Delivered POT to Neutrino Facility (MR Fast Extraction) Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK 3. 01 x 1020 pot Jun. 9’ 12 6 bunches Rep=3. 52 s 50 k. W 8 bunches 3. 2 s 145 k. W 1. 43 x 1020 pot until Mar. 11, ’ 11 Run-1 8 bunches 2. 92 2. 56 s ~190 k. W Physics Run resumed on Mar. 8, 2012 Run-2 Beam resumed on Dec. 24, 2011 [w/o horn operation] Dec. 24, 25, 2011 Jan 20 -25, 2012 Protons Per Pulse Delivered # of Protons 1 x 1014 ppp Run-3 After earthquake, beam operation resumed in the same year, and physics run resumed within one year. Stable operation at ~190 k. W achieved, 1 x 1014 ppp (1. 26 x 1013 x 8 b) is the world record of extracted protons per pulse for synchrotrons. Ver. 1. 1 [Nov. 06] NBI 2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 12

High power operation in FX mode ( March 5 to June 9, 2012) 200 k. W Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK MR Power [k. W] 100 k. W 1000 W 600 W 450 W Beam loss [W] 1 ms average 10 µs average Capacity of Collimator 400 W Jun. 9 Mar. 5 Delivered beam power is limited by beam loss at the injection / collimator section. Ring collimator upgrade was being taken place during 2012 summer shutdown. The capacity is now enlarged to 2 k. W. Ver. 1. 1 [Nov. 06] NBI 2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 13

Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK 3. J-PARC Upgrade Plan Ver. 1. 1 [Nov. 06] NBI 2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 14

LINAC Upgrade Repetition: 25 Hz, Pulse width: 0. 5 ms 30 m. A RF antenna colab. w SNS Ver. 1. 1 [Nov. 06] New accelerating structure, ACS, will be installed to increase the extracted beam energy from 181 Me. V to 400 Me. V Front-end part (IS+RFQ) will be replaced to increase peak current from 30 m. A to 50 m 181 Me. V 50 m. A Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK These installations are scheduled in 2013 shutdown 400 Me. V ACS, Annular Coupled Structure linac NBI 2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 15

Power [MW] Power upgrade for Linac & RCS 1, 0 Linac Original power upgrade plan of RCS to MLF 0, 8 0, 6 Revised plan 0, 4 0, 2 0, 0 400 Me. V RCS Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK Ion source, RFQ 400 Me. V Inj. 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Fabrication, Offline test 2013 2014 Installation, Beam test R&D, Fabrication, Offline test User operation, Power increase Realignm ent Budget for the Linac and the RCS upgrade is mostly secured. We revise the power-up curve after the earthquake: shifted 6 months. Ver. 1. 1 [Nov. 06] 2015 JFY NBI 2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012

For Higher Beam Power in MR Fast Extraction Tracking simulation of the MR fast extraction with space charge effect Survival ratio 1. 00 Np=2. 2 x 1014 ppp Beam power: 435 k. W at 30 Ge. V / 0. 4 Hz Beam loss ~ 1. 3 k. W 0. 99 0. 98 0. 97 0. 96 Number of particles in one pulse is limited by the beam loss due to the space charge effect ~450 k. W is estimated upper limit with current apparatus To achieve higher beam power : Acceleration Injection 1. 2. 0 Ver. 1. 1 [Nov. 06] 0. 1 0. 2 Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK 0. 3 Time (s) Higher beam energy than 30 Ge. V (Original plan) Higher repetition rate than 0. 4 Hz NBI 2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 17

Magnet Saturation in the 50 Ge. V operation Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK Ratio of B-field for dipole magnets 1. 01 The saturation effect deteriorates the field quality of the main magnets ~30 Ge. V 1. 00 V 0. 98 40 Ge. V 50 Ge 0. 99 0. 97 0. 96 Y(mm) Ratio of total magnet power consumption 50 Ge. V 40 Ge. V 30 Ge. V Ver. 1. 1 [Nov. 06] P 50 Ge. V= 2 P 40 Ge. V = 4 P 30 Ge. V Total magnet power consumption for 50 Ge. V operation is x 4 times larger than that for 30 Ge. V. Considering the situation after the earthquake, the high electric cost is fatal disadvantage for the higher beam energy option. NBI 2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 18

T=2. 5 cm Ishida et al. 60 kg J-PARC/KEK 80 cm For 1 Hz Operation FX/RF section PS Building #3 (3) Upgrade of injection and extraction devices New PS Building (2) Replacement of the rf cavities on cti se SX #2 Bu il Condenser bank For energy recovery #1 PS ing ild Bu din g PS tor a im oll n/c n tio ectio s ec Inj (4) Upgrade of ring collimator section 2 k. W 3. 5 k. W New magnetic core material, which has x 2 times higher impedance than present one, is developed. (1) Replacement of the magnet power supplies All the main magnet power supplies will be replaced with newly developed high rep. /low ripple PS. A new PS building to be constructed. Ver. 1. 1 [Nov. 06] NBI 2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 19

The Medium-Term Plan of the MR-FX until 2017 JFY 2011 2012 2013 2014 201 5 Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK 2016 2017 LINAC upgrade FX power [k. W] 150 200 300 Cycle time of main magnet PS New magnet PS for high rep. 3. 04 s 2. 56 s 2. 4 s Present RF system New high gradient rf system Install. #7, 8 400 R&D Install. #9 R&D Ring collimators Additional shields Injection system FX system New injection kicker Add. collimators and shields (2 k. W) 750 Manufacture installation/test 1. 3 s Manufacture installation/test Add. collimators (3. 5 k. W) Kicker PS improvement、Septum 2 manufacture /test LF septum, PS for HF septa manufacture /test We adopt the high repetition rate scheme to achieve the design beam intensity, 750 k. W. Rep. rate will be increased from ~ 0. 4 Hz to ~1 Hz by replacing magnet PS’s and RF cavities A new budget is needed for replacing MR main magnets. Ver. 1. 1 [Nov. 06] NBI 2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 20

Project Review by MEXT Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK On March~May 2012, progress of the J-PARC project in the recent 5 years was evaluated by a review committee at Monka-Syo, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science & Technology in Japan (MEXT). An evaluation report was issued. The 5 -year medium term plan (2013~2017) was endorsed by the review committee. For MR, scenarios for Multi-MW output beam power for neutrino experiment, are being discussed One of feasible schemes: Introduce 8 Ge. V emittance damping ring betw. RCS and MR The detailed scheme for the future MW proton driver is to be discussed in the next five years, to submit budget proposal to the government in 2018 or later. Ver. 1. 1 [Nov. 06] NBI 2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 21

Doubled Rep. rate: Impact to Neutrino Facility ? Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK Thermal shock will be reduced for equipments which are exposed to beam directly (Target, beam window, profile monitor, beam dump…) Cf. T 2 K Target: ΔT = 200 K/spill @ 750 k. W, Safety factor = ~3. 5 for original design For doubled rep. rate option, ΔT = 100 K/spill, Safety Factor= ~7 (? ) T. Nakadaira’s talk. Heat load for equipments will stay same. Cf. T 2 K Target: ~60 k. J/spill @ 750 k. W Fatigue of horns will become more severe. Update of power supplies Reconfiguration of bus-bar & strip line layout Ver. 1. 1 [Nov. 06] T. Sekiguchi’s talk NBI 2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 22

4. Summary Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK T 2 K achieved 3. 2 s significance for nm ne appearance signal using 3 x 1020 POT. 11 candidate events. Need more statistics. We can achieve 5 s significance with ~8 x 1020 pot. It is within our reach before shutdown in summer, 2013. To going to precision q 13 measurements and further CPV discovery, upgrade of J-PARC acc. is quite essential. Upgrade of J-PARC accelerators To increase #p/bunch Increase MR collimator capability (2012 Summer; done) Upto 450 W 2 KW loss LINAC frontend upgrade (2013 Summer) Ion source, RFQ : 30 m. A 50 m. A LINAC energy upgrade to 400 Me. V (2013 summer) To realize MR 750 k. W operation, doubled rep. rate option is chosen. Need to replace all magnet power supplies in ~5 yrs Need higher gradient RF core. The mid-term plan is endorsed by the committee at MEXT. Ver. 1. 1 [Nov. 06] NBI 2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 23

Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK Backups Ver. 1. 1 [Nov. 06] NBI 2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012 24

Expected Contours Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK 7. 5 MW・years Normal mass hierarchy (known) 5% systematics on signal, νμ BG, νe BG, ν/ν True points Reactor q 13 exps. (1σ) - Good sensitivity for CPV Ver. 1. 1 [Nov. 06] NBI 2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012

CPV Discovery Sensitivity Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK σ (w/ Mass Hierarchy known) 2% all syst 5% all syst 7. 5 MWyear sin 22θ 13=0. 1 normal MH 74% region of δ covered at 3σ w/ 5% sys. error 10% all syst true δ (π) High Sensitivity to CPV w/ <~5% sys. error Ver. 1. 1 [Nov. 06] 26 NBI 2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012

On going R&Ds (1) - Power supply for main magnets- Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK High rep rate (~1 Hz): Energy recovery using condenser bank Small current deviation: Current feedback, voltage feed-forward, NPC chopper. . - A small scale prototype model is manufactured and testing in 2011/2012. - A real scale prototype for one of the quadrupole families will be manufactured and tested in 2012 and 2013. - Technical review committee meeting for the power supply R&D will be held in October 2 nd , 2012. Ver. 1. 1 [Nov. 06] NBI 2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012

On going R&Ds (2) Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK - MA (Magnetic Alloy) loaded rf cavity with higher shunt impedance - A type of MA cores, FT 3 L (made by Hitachi metals), which is processed by annealing with magnetic field, shows higher impedance than FT 3 M, the present core used in J-PARC synchrotrons. We have manufactured the real size core of FT 3 L for the rf cavity of the MR in the J-PARC site in collaboration with Hitachi metals. The first manufactured real size FT 3 L core µQf FT 3 L: annealing w/ magnetic field Diameter 80 cm, thickness 2. 5 cm, weight 60 kg. FT 3 M: annealing w/o magnetic field Frequency [MHz] The FT 3 L core has the impedance approximately twice of the FT 3 M. Ver. 1. 1 [Nov. 06] Six FT 3 L cores are used at one gap of the cavity tank in the #9 cavity, which is in the 2012 summer shutdown. NBI 2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 thinstalled – 10 th November

Injection energy and beam loss in the MR Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK Simulation of beam survival in the injection period of the MR for the RCS 1 MW eq. beam (4 e 13 ppb) 6. 0 Ge. V 1. 0 3. 6 Ge. V Survival ratio 3. 4 Ge. V 0. 98 3. 2 Ge. V Inj: Ave Inj loss 1. 5% (1. 2 k. W Inj loss for MR 750 k. W ) 0. 96 3. 0 Ge. V Inj: Ave Inj loss 3. 2% (2. 4 k. W Inj loss for MR 750 k. W) 0. 94 0 0. 04 0. 08 0. 12 Time [s] Ver. 1. 1 [Nov. 06] Beam survival ratio is drastically increased by higher beam momentum. th th NBI 2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 – 10 November 2012

Design of the 8 -Ge. V BR : Lattice & parameters 8 -Ge. V BR Parameters of the RCS and 8 Ge. V BR RF CAVs INJ+COLL RF CAVs EXT Beta & Dispersion for 1 -superperiod hx, y (m) bx, y (m) H&V Ver. 1. 1 [Nov. 06] Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK s (m) 3 -Ge. V RCS 8 -Ge. V BR Circumference 348. 333 m 696. 666 m Super-periodicity 3 4 Injection energy 400 Me. V 3 Ge. V Extraction energy 3 Ge. V 8 Ge. V Repetition 25 Hz Ramping pattern Sinusoidal Transition energy 9 Ge. V 15 Ge. V Harmonic number 2 4 Number of bunches 2 2 Momentum acceptance ± 1% Ring acceptance 486 p mm mrad 189 p mm mrad Collimator aperture 324 p mm mrad 126 p mm mrad NBI 2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012

Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK Ver. 1. 1 [Nov. 06] NBI 2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6 th – 10 th November 2012