ISD Model Robert Gagnes 9 steps of instructional

ISD Model Robert Gagne’s 9 steps of instructional design By Jonathan White

Robert Gagne’s 9 steps of instruction Gagne believed that the following nine steps provide the framework for the most effective learning process.

1. Gain Attention Present a story, problem, or situation to gain learner’s attention.

2. Provide a learning objective This gives the learners an opportunity to organize their thoughts on what they will learn and perform.

3. Stimulate recall of prior knowledge Allows learners to use two important processes. 1) Retrieval practice-enhances learning by retrieval-specific mechanisms rather than by elaborative study processes and is an effective tool to promote conceptual learning 2) Scaffolding - build upon learners’ previous knowledge and skills.

4. Present material Order, prioritize, and chunk the information to refrain from cognitive overload. Presenting too much material may create difficulties for learners’ to retain important information needed to effectively learn.

5. Provide guidance for learning Coach learners how to acquire the skill with best practices and strategies.

6. Elicit performance This is an opportunity to allow the learners to practice the newly acquired skill. This is also an opportunity for coaches to model the practice again for learners to see.

7. Provide feedback Coaches should provide feedback to learners on specific items that are being performed well or not well.

8. Assess performance Evaluate the learners to determine if the lesson has been learned and provide general progress information.

9. Enhance retention and transfer Present similar problems, issues, or situations to the learners and provide additional practice.

Special features Gagne’s 9 steps to instructional design allow students to acquire skills through coaching and modeling, and later allow students an opportunity to practice newly acquired skills. There also opportunities for learning transfer situations so learners can learn skills for similar issues, problems, or issues.