ISCAR International Congress 2014 Oral session 37 MULTIDISCIPLINARY

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ISCAR International Congress 2014, Oral session 37 MULTI-DISCIPLINARY TALK ON DESIGN ISSUES IN CONSTRUCTION

ISCAR International Congress 2014, Oral session 37 MULTI-DISCIPLINARY TALK ON DESIGN ISSUES IN CONSTRUCTION SITE MEETINGS Tarja Mäki & Hannele Kerosuo Center for Research on Activity, Development and Learning University of Helsinki, Finland ISCAR-2014/University of Helsinki, CRADLE, Finland/ Mäki&Kerosuo www. helsinki. fi/yliopisto 2. 10. 2014 1

Research subject 1) Flaws, errors and open questions of design work addressed in the

Research subject 1) Flaws, errors and open questions of design work addressed in the site meetings in construction phase • Design details that follow the rules or requirements of national legislation and specifications - but are created based on limited knowledge of constructability, project costs, time consumption or user requirements or maintenance work. • New design solutions suggested by other project partners than designers 2) How the design issues are discussed and new solutions created in the site meetings? ISCAR-2014/University of Helsinki, CRADLE, Finland/ Mäki&Kerosuo www. helsinki. fi/yliopisto 2. 10. 2014 2

Previous research on design related issues in construction phase • Construction project meeting activities

Previous research on design related issues in construction phase • Construction project meeting activities are mainly studied from the perspectives of communication and collaboration. • Alarcón and Mardones (1998) have analysed design defects and their effects on a construction process. • The problems were mainly poor design quality, a lack of design standards and poor constructability. • What is lacking, is the closer analysis of what the problematic design-related issues in construction phase are, and how these issues are solved. ISCAR-2014/University of Helsinki, CRADLE, Finland/ Mäki&Kerosuo www. helsinki. fi/yliopisto 2. 10. 2014 3

Research questions 1) What design-related issues do the different partners address in the meetings?

Research questions 1) What design-related issues do the different partners address in the meetings? 2) Who participates in the discussions and the creation of new design solutions? 3) With whose expertise are the new design solutions created? ISCAR-2014/University of Helsinki, CRADLE, Finland/ Mäki&Kerosuo www. helsinki. fi/yliopisto 2. 10. 2014 4

Context of the research • Building Information Modelling (BIM) as a new tool for

Context of the research • Building Information Modelling (BIM) as a new tool for designers is considered a promise for better accuracy and quality in the design. • The better accuracy and quality are ensured by designing as-built-models of buildings • The use of as-built models requires a building to be constructed precisely according to the design models and changes to be updated in the as-built model. • In life-cycle projects, the project partners are responsible for the maintenance costs and quality for the next 25 years. ISCAR-2014/University of Helsinki, CRADLE, Finland/ Mäki&Kerosuo www. helsinki. fi/yliopisto 2. 10. 2014 5

Project 0 (not incl. ) Case: The schedule of the life cycle project of

Project 0 (not incl. ) Case: The schedule of the life cycle project of 4 schools and 1 day care center (2009 -2013) Project 1 Observation of 8 site meetings 9 site meetings Aug 12 -May 13 Aug 11 -May 12 SCHOOL Project 2 DAYCARE CENT SCHOOL ISCAR-2014/University of Helsinki, CRADLE, Finland/ Mäki&Kerosuo www. helsinki. fi/yliopisto 2. 10. 2014 6

Research Data • 17 site meetings • 30 hours of audio and video recorded

Research Data • 17 site meetings • 30 hours of audio and video recorded data • 12 participants & 1… 4 hours per meeting • 411 design related issues discussed • 7640 speech turns analyzed ISCAR-2014/University of Helsinki, CRADLE, Finland/ Mäki&Kerosuo www. helsinki. fi/yliopisto 2. 10. 2014 7

Partially shared objects in the construction and design activities Design discipline specific BIM software

Partially shared objects in the construction and design activities Design discipline specific BIM software tools DESIGN ACTIVITY ISCAR-2014/University of Helsinki, CRADLE, Finland/ Mäki&Kerosuo BIM models, combined model, drawings CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY www. helsinki. fi/yliopisto 2. 10. 2014 8

Design solutions discussed in the meetings and related goals of actions THE DESIGN OF

Design solutions discussed in the meetings and related goals of actions THE DESIGN OF A SCHOOL BUILDING THE CONSTRUCTION & MAINTENANCE OF A SCHOOL ROOF: location and installation of roof wells WINDOWS: how to shade the windows: blinds or films ISCAR-2014/University of Helsinki, CRADLE, Finland/ Mäki&Kerosuo www. helsinki. fi/yliopisto 2. 10. 2014 9

Analysis of 411 discussion episodes n is • The unit of analysis is a

Analysis of 411 discussion episodes n is • The unit of analysis is a discussion episode, which encompasses actions from identifying a design related topic to answering a question, solving a problem or to making a decision on the topic. isio www. helsinki. fi/yliopisto On w bas hose ed o arg ume n nm isio Dec ISCAR-2014/University of Helsinki, CRADLE, Finland/ Mäki&Kerosuo ade nts dec Participants The line numb s eac /com er of m hp arti ents cipa by nt ens /com o op Wh Ope ning line pic n to ssio Dis cu men t the disc The uss disc ion uss ion Each line in the table remarks one discussion episode (N=411 discussion episodes. 2. 10. 2014 10

Design-related topics discussed in the site meetings ISCAR-2014/University of Helsinki, CRADLE, Finland/ Mäki&Kerosuo www.

Design-related topics discussed in the site meetings ISCAR-2014/University of Helsinki, CRADLE, Finland/ Mäki&Kerosuo www. helsinki. fi/yliopisto 2. 10. 2014 11

Reasons to initiate a discussion in a site meeting ISCAR-2014/University of Helsinki, CRADLE, Finland/

Reasons to initiate a discussion in a site meeting ISCAR-2014/University of Helsinki, CRADLE, Finland/ Mäki&Kerosuo www. helsinki. fi/yliopisto 2. 10. 2014 12

Initiating issues, participating in discussions & decision making 80% • Contractors were the most

Initiating issues, participating in discussions & decision making 80% • Contractors were the most 70% active partner in taking up the 60% design-related issues for 50% discussion. 40% • All partners participated actively for the creation of new 30% 20% solutions. 10% • New solutions were often based on contractors and 0% designers arguments. ISCAR-2014/University of Helsinki, CRADLE, Finland/ Mäki&Kerosuo Addressed issues Participation in discussion Decision making arguments Project Manager Designers Contractors www. helsinki. fi/yliopisto Other 2. 10. 2014 13

ISCAR-2014/University of Helsinki, CRADLE, Finland/ Mäki&Kerosuo www. helsinki. fi/yliopisto 2. 10. 2014 14

ISCAR-2014/University of Helsinki, CRADLE, Finland/ Mäki&Kerosuo www. helsinki. fi/yliopisto 2. 10. 2014 14

PM = project manager, MC = main contractor, MM = maintenance manager, HC =

PM = project manager, MC = main contractor, MM = maintenance manager, HC = ISCAR-2014/University of Helsinki, heating contractor, ARC = architect, SV CRADLE, = supervisor Finland/ Mäki&Kerosuo www. helsinki. fi/yliopisto 2. 10. 2014 15

Conclusions • Deeper collaboration between site managers, designers, material suppliers, maintenance people is required

Conclusions • Deeper collaboration between site managers, designers, material suppliers, maintenance people is required to ensure the better quality and life cycle effectiveness of the design. • Contractors’ participation in design activity needs to be recognized and taken into account in contracts. ISCAR-2014/University of Helsinki, CRADLE, Finland/ Mäki&Kerosuo www. helsinki. fi/yliopisto 2. 10. 2014 16

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