IS GRAVITY SOMETHING LEAKING FROM ANOTHER UNIVERSE By
IS GRAVITY SOMETHING LEAKING FROM ANOTHER UNIVERSE? By Max & Vytenis
Contents 1. Historical Background 2. The Main Idea 3. Alternatives 4. How to imagine it?
1. Who came up with this? Historical background.
Historical Background 1687: Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation -explains movements caused by Gravity -does not explain how Gravity actually works (in what medium is it transmitted? ) 1915: Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity -explains movements even better -Gravity works by bending the medium spacetime
Historical Background 1914: Gunnar Nordström Theory of Gravitation -coupled gravity to electromagnetism -first to include additional space dimension -superseded by Einstein’s General Relativity
Historical Background 1919: Theodor Kaluza -unified field theory of gravitation and electromagnetism -extension of General Relativity to 5 dimensions (additional space dimension) -precursor to String Theory
Historical Background String Theory came up in 60 s/70 s Initially only to describe nuclear force → Failed Brought back Now should describe everything → uses multiple additional dimensions
SPECULATION 2. The main idea What does this theory speak about? How can Gravity leak?
Multiple Universes 3 different models for a Multiverse: 1. bubble universes 2. ”many worlds” 3. string theory → membranes
1. Bubble “Universes” We can’t see them because: -Either too far away -Or inside black holes Each bubble has different physical laws → We live in the one with the right conditions to form us and everything we see
2. Many Worlds -possible explanation for wave function collapse in QM -everything that could happen actually happens and creates a real parallel universe
3. String Theory General Relativity (large objects) Quantum Mechanics (small objects) Gravitons Bending of Spacetime String Theory (unifying theory) → only if Gravitons exist → only if additional dimensions exist
3. String Theory What do additional dimensions mean?
3. String Theory -Each “particle” is a tiny string -Strings vibrate -Different vibration patterns are different particles
3. String Theory Open String -attached with the ends to the brane Closed String -can move between the branes
3. String Theory Open String -attached with the ends to the brane Closed String -can move between the branes GRAVITON
3. Alternative theories Is gravity leaking from/to another universe? Is gravity leaking from/to another dimension?
It can leak to us Explains dark matter. (alternative theories) Dark matter then becomes the gravitational footprint from objects in alternate dimensions.
It can also leak away from us Basically because “why not”. Supposing gravity is weak, it is possible that it leaks to somewhere else. Gravity is a weak force? Since when?
Concerning weakness of gravity A magnet holds on a fridge. But we do not stick to buildings. (well, metaphorically we do)
The most promising news LIGO: LHC: the universe vibrates. no black holes, no gravitons. “Gravity’s rainbow” theory?
Gravity’s rainbow. The Rainbow gravity theory suggests that gravity affects different wavelengths in the same way that a prism affects light. Would disprove big bang.
4. How to imagine it? Examples for a better understanding.
Gravitational footprint? Consider, for example, theory of planet “X”. Existence predicted by mathematical modeling and computed simulations. Konstantin Batygin, Mike Brown California, 2015
Energy from 2 D to 3 D
Thank you for your attention.
- Slides: 27