IS 371 WEEK 5 W Edwards Deming 1900

• IS 371 WEEK 5 W. Edwards Deming 1900 -1993 • • • Midterm submission Debate reminder Homework 2 results on Wednesday Your leadership style: a little exercise Hardware and Software Service Level Agreements 1

W. Edwards Deming 1900 -1993 2

Your Leadership Style Blake and Mounton Leadership Style Evaluation Exercise W. Edwards Deming 1900 -1993 Below is a list of statements about leadership behavior. Read each one carefully, then, using the following scale, decide the extent to which it applies to you. never sometimes always 0 1 2 3 4 5 1. _______ 2. _______ 3. _______ 4. _______ 5. _______ 6. _______ 7. _______ 8. _______ 9. ______ action. 10. ______ 11. ______ 12. ______ 13. ______ 14. ______ 15. ______ 16. ______ 17. ______ 18. ______ I encourage my team to participate when it comes decision-making time and I try to implement their ideas and suggestions. Nothing is more important than accomplishing a goal or task. I closely monitor the schedule to ensure a task or project will be completed in time. I enjoy coaching people on new tasks and procedures. The more challenging a task is, the more I enjoy it. I encourage my employees to be creative about their job. When seeing a complex task through to completion, I ensure that every detail is accounted for. I find it easy to carry out several complicated tasks at the same time. I enjoy reading articles, books, and journals about training, leadership, and psychology; and then putting what I have read into When correcting mistakes, I do not worry about jeopardizing relationships. I manage my time very efficiently. I enjoy explaining the intricacies and details of a complex task or project to my employees. Breaking large projects into small manageable tasks is second nature to me. Nothing is more important than building a great team. I enjoy analyzing problems. I honor other people's boundaries. Counseling my employees to improve their performance or behavior is second nature to me. I enjoy reading articles, books, and trade journals about my profession; and then implementing the new procedures I have learned. 3

W. Edwards Deming 1900 -1993 TIME REMAINING Blake and Mounton Leadership Style Evaluation MINUTES Exercise: 10 minutes 4

W. Edwards Deming 1900 -1993 People Task Question 1. ______ 4. ______ 6. ______ 9. ______ 10. ______ 12. ______ 14. ______ 16. ______ 17. ______ TOTAL ____ X 0. 2 = ____ Question 2. ______ 3. ______ 5. ______ 7. ______ 8. ______ 11. ______ 13. ______ 15. ______ 18. ______ TOTAL ____ X 0. 2 ____ (multiple the Total by 0. 2 to get your final score) 5

W. Edwards Deming 1900 -1993 intersection CHART YOUR “PEOPLE TOTAL” EXAMPLE: PEOPLE TOTAL = 3 CHART YOUR “TASK TOTAL” EXAMPLE: TASK TOTAL = 7 6

IT ARCHITECTURE AND INFRASTRUCTURE W. Edwards Deming 1900 -1993 Architecture = the PLAN / BLUEPRINT that shows how the overall system and its parts interrelate. TECHNOLOGY - Mainframe computer - Microcomputer and workstation - Local area network servers - Local area network hardware: routers, switches, gateways, hubs - Wide area network hardware - Firewall hardware - Low voltage wiring and cabling - Environmental systems: electric power, HVAC SYSTEM SOFTWARE -Operating system - Data base management system (DBMS) - Online transaction processing system (OLTP) - Middleware: server -Graphical User Interface: client (GUI) DATA - Disk storage - Tape storage - Storage control units 7

Computing Era Characteristic ~ approximately Mainframe ~1950 -1975 Decentralized ~1975 -1985 Distributed ~1985 -1997 Internet ~1997 -present Dominant Technology Hardware large central processors (IBM) small decentralized processors in departments (DEC, HP, IBM, Data General) Distributed servers for LANs; desktop work stations (Compaq, Dell) (INTEL, Sun, ) Individual PCs; Web based devices-- servers linked into the net (Web TV, PALM) Vendor Operating System; Third party applications (emerging) MS Windows; MS Office; Third party apps MS Office; Web Browsers and Services Islands of IT; some unknown to "official IT" department-- departments have own IT professionals Collaborative organization; IT sets standards; users manage apps. -- IT professionals report to both users and central IT dept Totally independent apps from service vendors; IT mgt sets standards, IT manages infrastructure & coordinates application efforts; IT mgt organized around servers-- Matrix: inter- functional teams Matrix: 360° review W. Edwards Deming 1900 -1993 Dominant Technology Software Organizational Model for IT Resources IBM Operating Systems Build your own apps. Centralized IS department CHARACTERIZED BY CLIENTSERVER Organizational Governance Model Functional Project teams ARCHITECTURE for Development Information Management Individual or groups of programmers Islands for each device; programmers Corporate Data Management and Definition; Standard from ERP apps Mixture: Corporate data Management and Vendor mandated structures Comm. Management Initially nil; very centralized Independent networks for each device or protocol Coordinated networks; intranets based on router technology Coordinated networks; portal or managed gateways for services Tools Very Primitive; became very robust for Operations and Development 'core dumps' octal/hex calculators Very Primitive; mediocre for Operations and Development; User Interfaces emerging Excellent User Interfaces; Average development tools, Weak Operations tools; icon based buttons. Excellent User Interfaces; Vendors will hide Operations and Development (AOL) User Interface Punch Card; line command on dumb terminals; Fill in Blanks with 'CICS' like apps. -- printed reports line command dumb terminals; remote access; some graphic interface and "icons" Initially line command mode with DOS; now Icon/GUI exclusively; Windows based apps Icon/GUI buttons only; some form of windows/graphic control; no ability to revert to line commands 8

INFORMATION SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE 3 FUNCTIONS W. Edwards Deming 1900 -1993 DATA STORAGE & ACCESS SERVER APPLICATION PROGRAMS CLIENT SERVER USER INTERFACE CLIENT 9

CLIENT/SERVER CONFIGURATIONS: DATA MANAGEMENT, APPLICATION FUNCTION, PRESENTATION DISTRIBUTED REMOTE DISTRIBUTED REMOTE DATA DISTRIBUTED PRESENTATION FUNCTION MANAGEMENT DATABASE W. Edwards Deming 1900 -1993 DATA MANAGEMENT APPLICATION FUNCTION DATA MANAGEMENT K R WO T NE PRESENTATION APPLICATION FUNCTION PRESENTATION 10

3 -TIER CLIENT/SERVER ARCHITECTURE: PREVALENT ARCHITECTURE TODAY W. Edwards Deming 1900 -1993 THE 3 PROGRAM LAYERS ARE IMPLEMENTED AS SEPARATE COMPONENTS • PRESENTATION (INTERFACE ON CLIENT) • APPLICATION (BUSINESS LOGIC) • SERVICES (DATA) • APPLICATION LOGIC (APPLICATION LAYER) RUNS ON ITS OWN SERVER. (APPLICATION SERVER) • THE APPLICATION SERVER MAY RUN ON THE SAME HARDWARE AS THE DATABASE • THE SERVER MAY BE LCATED IN THE BEST PLACE TO FIT THE NEED. • PRESENTATION LAYER DOES NOT HAVE KNOWLEDGE OF THE DATABASE • PRESENTATION LAYER COMMUNICATES WITH THE APPLICATION SERVER USING A PREDEFINED MESSAGE STRATEGY • 2 -TIER RELATIONSHIP EXISTS BETWEEN APPLICATION SERVER AND DATABASE SERVER. 11

N-TIER CLIENT/SERVER ARCHITECTURE: WILL BECOME THE NORM W. Edwards Deming 1900 -1993 THE n PROGRAM LAYERS ARE IMPLEMENTED AS SEPARATE COMPONENTS • PRESENTATION GUI INTERFACE ON CLIENT PRESENTATION LOGIC ON SERVER • APPLICATION (BUSINESS LOGIC) • SERVICES DATA ACCESS (I/O) DATA STORAGE N-TIER ARCHITECTURE FACILITATES “SCALE-OUT” AT FRONT-END: • RAIS (REDUNDANT ARRAY OF INEXPENSIVE SERVERS) • MIDDLE: MIDDLEWARE (VERSUS OPERATING SYSTEM) • BACK-END: MULTIPLE POWERFUL SERVERS 12

W. Edwards Deming 1900 -1993 Who is Edwards Deming? Quality guru – emphasized -- building quality into products versus inspecting for defects at the end of the cycle -- continuous process improvement "Practically all of our major corporations were started by technical men - inventors, mechanics, engineers, and chemists, who had a sincere interest in quality of products. Now these companies are largely run by men interested in profit, not product. Their pride is in the P&L statement or stock report. " "Learning is not compulsory. . . neither is survival. " "Two basic rules of life are: 1) Change is inevitable. 2) Everybody resists change. " 13