Irradiation Facilities Present and Future Christoph Rembser Detector

Irradiation Facilities - Present and Future Christoph Rembser Detector R&D for FP 7 Planning Meeting December 7 2007 • Purpose and goal of radiation facilities • Brief overview on existing facilities • Future facilities - demands & plans Many thanks especially to Mar Capeans, Michael Moll, Helmut Vinke, Lucie Linssen, Maurice Glaser, Eduard Feldbaumer and Doris Forkel-Wirth for their help, input and transparencies!!! Towards a GIF++ Christoph Rembser, LHC Radiation Workshop, November 30 2007 Page 1

Purpose of Irradiation Tests • Study of damages (features) caused by radiation at colliders (e. g. LHC) or fixed -target beams (e. g. CNGS target) on detectors, electronics and other equiment • simulate conditions of the radiation environment as close as possible and expose equipment • (re)test/examine equipment after irradiation using beam tests, microscopy, spectroscopy, etc. • A “perfect” irradiation facility combines infrastructure for irradiation, for tests and for analyses of detectors / electronics / equipment in one place short ways to achieve results on short time scale (also - keep in mind - facilities are dealing with activated materials!) easy and fast access for users (pre-prepared set-ups and infrastructure matching needs) easier to organise help and support for users, expertise is in one place a central facility naturally defines reference conditions and procedures allows use of catalogued results by many different applications (users) However: many different irradiation sources needed, involving many labs very brief overview presented here… Towards a GIF++ Christoph Rembser, LHC Radiation Workshop, November 30 2007 Page 2

Irradiation facilities outside CERN Overview of irradiation facilities used by particle physics can be found on: http: //rd 50. web. cern. ch/rd 50/ Additional useful information in: Radiation workshop, CERN 29 -30 Nov 2007 – http: //indico. cern. ch/conference. Display. py? conf. Id =20366 – Including presentations from: • TSL (The Svedberg Laboratory Uppsala) • PSI (Paul Scherrer Institut Villingen) • UCL (Universite Catholique de Louvain) • IONISOS Dagneux (commercially operated)

Some irradiation facilities (p, n, ion) outside CERN, Location Country Facility Particles Energy Flux PSI CH PIF low-energy p 72 Me. V 5 x 108 p/cm 2/s up to 250 Me. V PSI CH PIF PROSCAN p (FWHM 6 cm) 2 -5 x 108 p/cm 2/s Ljubljana SI JSI n ~ 1 Me. V (reactor) 5 x 1012 n/cm 2/s Louvain BE UCL-T 2 n <20. 4 Me. V> (d+Be) 7 x 1010 n/s/cm 2 (at 9 cm) Louvain BE UCL-Q n 25 to 65 Me. V (p+Li) 106 n/s/cm 2 Louvain BE UCL-LIF p 10 to 75 Me. V 108 p/s/cm 2 Louvain BE UCL-LIF ions 10 to 65 Me. V 108 p/s/cm 2 Uppsala SE TSL n 20 -140 Me. V Valduc FR PROSPERO n ~ 1 Me. V (reactor) 1014 n/hour/cm 2 Karlsruhe DE KAZ p 20 to 42 Me. V 1014 p/hour/cm 2 Jyvaskyla FI RADEF p 10 to 50 Me. V 1010 p/s/cm 2 • 6 x 107 n/s/cm 2 Important: particle type, energy, beam size and intensity – need tests at various sources to fully understand impact of radiation

Facilities @UCL, PSI, TSL High flux neutron line Cyclotron @ PSI up to 72 Me. V New cyclotron up to 250 Me. V Louvain Cyclotron p<75 Me. V Ions, alphas 0. 6 - 27 Me. V AMU N up to 65 Me. V TSL overview, cyclotron and beam lines p<120 Me. V, n<174 Me. V

At CERN: @ SPS: CERF mixed radiation facility @ PS: Irradiation Facilities @ SPS: GIF��� Gamma Irradiation Facility, in former West Area (SPS beam to WA stopped in 2004) Towards a GIF++ Christoph Rembser, LHC Radiation Workshop, November 30 2007 Page 6

PS East Hall Irradiation Facilities (Slide by M. Glaser & M. Moll) • • • …si nce Operated by PH-DT 2 (M. Glaser and M. Moll) 199 9 Irradiation of LHC components with 24 Ge. V/c protons Neutron (mixed field) irradiation facility (parasitic to DIRAC experiment) Several boxes for bigger objects in proton beam area (cooled, gas purged) 2 shuttle systems (installed in proton and neutron facility, transport of samples into beam area) · 2007: ~ 1500 objects irradiated ~ 500 dosimeter measurements 135 days of beam time Towards a GIF++ 2005: no beams at CERN 2006: PS problems, magnet failure M. Glaser & M. Moll – PH-DT 2 – November 2007 -7 - Christoph Rembser, LHC Radiation Workshop, November 30 2007 Page 7

PS East Hall – the Layout Today (Slide by M. Glaser & M. Moll) M. Glaser & M. Moll – PH-DT 2 – November 2007 Towards a GIF++ -8 - Christoph Rembser, LHC Radiation Workshop, November 30 2007 Page 8

Proposal for the Future of the Facilities (Slide by M. Glaser & M. Moll) • Present limitations and drawbacks Irradiation tables are located inside the beam line complex (primary zone) �Access to primary zone needed to enter �Very restricted space �Backscattered particles superimpose primary beam �Personnel exposed to radiation (activated material around irradiation tables – e. g. magnets) Neutron facility parasitic to DIRAC �Parasitic operation strongly limits flexibility Proton & Neutron facilities located in different beam lines �Parallel operation of two facilities difficult �Proton and Neutron facility ‘competing’ for beam • Proposal: Proprietary beam line for irradiations Combine proton and neutron irradiation facilities in one beam line Increase space for irradiation areas (less background, less exposure to radiation of personnel) Place facility in secondary zone (outside beam line complex) Allow access with big objects to the neutron irradiation facility Need to stop DIRAC experiment in T 8 beam line Towards a GIF++ M. Glaser & M. Moll – PH-DT 2 – November 2007 -9 - Christoph Rembser, LHC Radiation Workshop, November 30 2007 Page 9

Ne Neutrons (shuttle) (Slide by M. Glaser & M. Moll) Protons (Shuttle) Protons (Tables, Boxes) PS East Hall - Tomorrow (? ) M. Glaser & M. Moll – PH-DT 2 – November 2007 Towards a GIF++ -10 - Christoph Rembser, LHC Radiation Workshop, November 30 2007 Page 10

CERF (CERN-EU high-energy Reference Field) (Slide by E. Feldbaumer & D. Forkel-Wirth / SC-RP) • Irradiation facility in the SPS H 6 beam line providing high-energy mixed radiation fields. Parameters beam Mixed hadron beam Momentum: Intensity: Dose range: Beam time: …si nce 120 Ge. V/c 199 2 up to 108 particles/spill 10 µGy/h - 10 Gy/h 2 weeks per year Present applications Achievements of the last 10 years: • Used by more than 70 scientists from 50 external institutes (16 different countries) and various CERN groups (RP, AB, TS, …) • ~ 85 international publications • ~ 60 internal CERN notes Towards a GIF++ Radiation Protection LHC radiation monitor studies Space and Aircraft dosimetry High level dosimetry . . . FLUKA benchmarks Material activation studies Instrumentation studies LHC beam loss monitor studies Christoph Rembser, LHC Radiation Workshop, November 30 2007 Page 11

From CERF to CERF++ (Slide by E. Feldbaumer & D. Forkel-Wirth / SC-RP) • New facility necessary CERF++ • Motivation Higher Intensity ( >> 107 particles/spill) Increase in dose range: µGy - MGy Broader range of experimental configurations • (different shielding, targets, dose ranges, . . . ) Broader range of activities �larger user community Towards a GIF++ Christoph Rembser, LHC Radiation Workshop, November 30 2007 Page 12

Possible application fields for the proposed facility Radiation Protection Instrumentation (µGy – Gy) Radiation Tolerance Tests for Electronics (> 10 Gy) > 10 Gy µGy - Gy High Level Dosimetry (0. 1 Gy – MGy) > 100 Gy New facility CERF (presently) Towards a GIF++ Christoph Rembser, LHC Radiation Workshop, November 30 2007 Page 13

CERF++ 1 st Feasibility Studies by RP and AB (Slide by E. Feldbaumer & D. Forkel-Wirth / SC-RP) Assumed Parameters Proton beam Momentum: Intensity: up to 1010 particles/spill 450 Ge. V/c • Calculations for different parameters (e. g. momentum, shielding, . . . ) and different designs ongoing • 1 st test measurements in H 4 performed Towards a GIF++ Christoph Rembser, LHC Radiation Workshop, November 30 2007 Page 14

The Gamma Irradiation Facility (GIF) • • Goal: characterisation and commissioning of detectors, studies of detector aging Strategy: facility offers combination of a gamma source and particle beams Gamma source Cs 137 740 GBq (1997) with 662 ke. V photons, at 50 cm 15 rad/h electron, pion and muon beams 5 to 250 Ge. V, 106 -107 particles/spill from SPS source detectors, to be tested beam filters to reduce/adjust photon flux (down by factor 1000) • Commissioned in 1998, since then fully booked, operation Located in CERN West Area since 2004, beam not available anymore, never back during entire year Beam time distribution discussed in user meetings; scheduled by PS/SPS Coordinator (CERN PH) • Main users: LHC experiments (mainly gas detectors, calorimeters), but also PS/SPS experiments, LHC Towards a GIF++ Christoph Rembser, LHC Radiation Workshop, November 30 2007 Page 15

GIF: Infrastructure Provided to users: • Easy-to-use infrastructure • Excellent support & help by Technical Coordinator (Mike Clayton (retired in 2007), Richard Fortin) basically 365/7/24 • open to all users • GIF user schedule by CERN-PH PS/SPS Physics Coordinator Experimental Area Control Room Towards a GIF++ Christoph Rembser, LHC Radiation Workshop, November 30 2007 Page 16

Example for Tests @ the GIF • ATLAS Muon Chambers (MDT) Characterisation of detectors, e. g. study of detector resolution as function of background rate (gamma source = background, beam = signal) Expected single plane counting rate in Hz/cm 2 at nominal LHC lumi Measured at GIF region where MDTs would have resolution worse than 100 mum (incl. safety fact. ) choice of CSCs Measurements for MDTs at GIF direct impact on detector choice and layout • Other chambers tested: trigger chambers, RPCs, TRT, crystal calorimeters… Towards a GIF++ Christoph Rembser, LHC Radiation Workshop, November 30 2007 Page 17

Example for Tests @ the GIF very. Muon popular and active • GIF ATLAS Chambers (MDT) over last 10 years, ofmany Characterisation detectors, e. g. study of detector resolution as function ofon background rate (gamma source = background, beam = publications GIF results, single plane counting rate e. g. signal) in NIM ~190 articles; Expected in Hz/cm at nominal LHC lumi 2 Measured at GIF region where MDTs would have resolution worse than 100 mum (incl. safety fact. ) choice of CSCs etc: e l u d e ch x. html s e d F I n i / G t c IF, at G ojedirect Measurementslsfor GIF impact on detector choice and layout r GMDTs P n F o I / i S a t S e E More d web. cern. ch/ ss. http: //e Towards a GIF++ Christoph Rembser, LHC Radiation Workshop, November 30 2007 Page 18

Towards a GIF++ • GIF facility will come to an end in June 2008 • For SLHC and detector upgrades, experiments need similar concept with source “exceeds lifetime” of 10 years (mechanics, safety) area needed for LHC Magnet Repair Facility and LHC experiments clean rooms (Si Tracker upgrades) stronger source (x~10 O(10 TBq) ) more space (old: ~16 m 2 new: ~25 m 2) beam (high energy, O(100 Ge. V) ) possible solution: GIF++ @ SPS North Area (currently under discussion in collaboration between Users, CERN teams from Physics Department, Accelerators, Experimental Areas, Safety and other support groups) Planning and Users Meeting: Fri Dec 14 2007 10: 00 - 12: 00 Agenda, to be discussed in this meeting: tasks & action list for possible milestones Design Report March 2008 Dismantling of old GIF start Jul 2008 Construction of GIF++ in 2009 Commissioning of GIF++ in 2010 Towards a GIF++ !!! n i o j o t e m o c l e w e r You a Christoph Rembser, LHC Radiation Workshop, November 30 2007 Page 19

GIF++: Help needed e. g. Beam Instrumentation e. g. SI Telescopes e. g. gas systems e. g. DAQ and controls e. g. New Filter System (? ) (system of GIF facility Contributed by Aachen) Towards a GIF++ Christoph Rembser, LHC Radiation Workshop, November 30 2007 Page 20

Component Analysis - An Important Ingredient… ( talk by Mar Capeans CERN PH Faculty Meeting Nov 15 2007) Towards a GIF++ Christoph Rembser, LHC Radiation Workshop, November 30 2007 Page 21

Example ATLAS TRT: Systematic Tests of All Materials… • E. g. signal wires “bad” materials • Comparison of monitor and test straw: Towards a GIF++ good materials Christoph Rembser, LHC Radiation Workshop, November 30 2007 Page 22

Example ATLAS TRT: Systematic Tests of All Materials… All results • E. g. signalcatalogued wires and recommendations followed by all production sites Results also used by detector groups from other experiments Example: materials for TRT gas tubes “bad” materials • Comparison of monitor and test straw: Towards a GIF++ good materials Christoph Rembser, LHC Radiation Workshop, November 30 2007 Page 23

Example C ATLAS TRT: Systematic Tests of All Materials… RC owires usignal All results mm and recommendations followed by all production sites rge catalogued • E. g. Results by detector groups from other experiments nt alsoeused an n t d e qu Example: : materials for TRT gas tubes w e ffe sti ith ons c sta t sw on rt IR h ich de of RA nee tect LHC WI DI LL ATI d t or/ , w o b equ e c RE ON MA e a ipm an F AC I“bad” e ex d N materials n d I t p r IM LIT e ect f s e • Comparison s PO ed atu I E RT S res of monitor a. AN s. a and test. p. T TO straw: ! OL good materials S!! !! Towards a GIF++ Christoph Rembser, LHC Radiation Workshop, November 30 2007 Page 24

Transnational Network Scheme for Irradiation Facilities Me. V-range proton facilities, traditionally run by research institutions, are now heavily used for hadron therapy. Available, outside day-time, for other clients (e. g. UCL, PSI, TSL). In the near future more and more dedicated hadron therapy facilities will be built. This may have consequences for the facilities traditionally used by particle physicists. What we need in preparation of our FP 7 IA proposal: • Is there an interest for participation in a transnational access scheme, which: – Provides access free of charge to users – Review committee to allocate beam time – EU pays 20% of operation cost Int ? ? d ? e t s ere If yes: • Establish contacts with national facilities • Set up user requirements for SLHC, ILC, CLIC, B-physics Maximum EU funds available for transnational access: several 100 k. Euro Check for overlap with other EU proposal submissions (e. g. space, medical…)

Example of the advantage of plastic cross-linking*: Thermal *Radiation Chemistry aging test: 30 min at 280°C Over-crosslinking of Elastomers and … my e Polyamide from th parency p… s n a r t e orksho favorit W n o i diat LHC Ra Rubber to improve their resistance… 6 FRIANYL VN from FRISETTA Example: Schneider contactor Cross-linked Irr A ne adi w lo ati on go fo Fac r ilit ies ? Untreated Slide by Sophie Rouif On the IONISOS Irradiation Sercvice Facilities 0 3 5 10 15 30 minutes Towards a GIF++ Christoph Rembser, LHC Radiation Workshop, November 30 2007 Page 26