IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY BY N ANIRUDH GUPTA

IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY BY N. ANIRUDH GUPTA

INTRODUCTION • The iron and steel industry in India is one of the most essential industries in India which propels its industrial development. It has helped in generation of several subsidiaries and small scale industries and also supports the power, transport, fuel and communication industries in the country. Out of the 200 MT of total production, 50% is exported. Furthermore, Iron ore Exports have augmented by 17%, because of demand from China. • Production in the iron and steel segment has been escalating since the last 20 years. Moreover, export duty levied on iron ore has been reduced which has been proved as an impetus to the industry. The major players in this sector, includes, Tata Steel, Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL), Bhushan Power and Steel Ltd, Jindal Steel and Power Limited (JSPL), ESSAR Steel.

IRON AND STEEL A HEAVY INDUSTRY Production and consumption of steel is often regarded as the index of a country’s development. Iron and steel is a Heavy industry because all the materials as well as finished goods are heavy and bulky entailing heavy transportation costs. THE RATIO OF COAL, IRON ORE AND LIMESTONE ARE 4: 2: 1. .

PRODUCTION In 2010 -11 with 72. 2 million tonnes of steel production , India ranked 4 th among the world crude steel producers. It has become the largest producer of sponge iron. In 2010 -11 per capita consumption is only 49 per cent is consumed against the world average of 189 kg. . That means “low consumption , huge production…. . ” In 2006, India produced around 44 million tones. Several measures undertaken by the government have increased the growth of the iron and steel industry in India.

PRODUCTION(2015 -16) As compared to China, India had an excellent beginning. India has been ranked in the seventh position for the world's seventh largest steel manufacturer by International Iron and Steel Institute (IISI). India is expected to become the world’s second largest producer of iron and steel jumping from fourth position , 2015 -16 as its capacity jumped from 100 million tonnes to 125. 6 million tonnes. TARG ET : To hit 200 million tonnes and becoming the first largest producer in the world…. .

CONTRIBUTION TO THE INDIAN ECONOMY……. . The Role of Iron and Steel Industry in India GDP is very important for the development of the country. Iron and steel are among the most important components required for the infrastructure development in the country. At present India produces 65 million tonnes steel, but as per the ‘National Steel Policy’ country is expected to raise this production to 180 million tonnes by the year 2020. But this, he said, would be possible only by exploring new mines. Though India has large resources of iron ores with estimated capacity of 28. 52 billion tonnes, magnetite reserves could not be exploited due to the presence of these ores in the ‘eco-fragile’ zones mainly in Western Ghats. Iron ore is found as hematite and magnate in India in the ratio of 63: 37.

Role of Iron and Steel Industry in India GDP-Facts The Iron and Steel Industry in India is one of the fastest growing sectors. The demand drivers for the Indian Iron and Steel industry are increase in the activities of the automobiles industry, real estates industry, transportation system, aircraft industry, ship building industry, etc. India ranks 5 th in the world in terms of production of steel The amount of crude steel produced in 2006 -07 was 50. 71 million tonnes The amount of finished steel produced in 2006 -07 was 51. 9 million tonnes The production of finished steel was increased by 16. 52% The production of finished carbon steel was 24. 8 million tonnes in the year 2006 -07 It is expected that India would become the second biggest producer of steel within the year 2016 and the production per year would be 137 million tonnes The exports pertaining to the steel industry was 6. 26 % during the period 2006 -07

Process of manufacture of steel

PRODUCTION OF PIG-IRON PROCESS

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE LOCATION Geographical Factors: Non-Geographical Factors: Raw Materials Capital Power Government Policies Labour Industrial Inertia Transport Efficient Organisation Market Banking Facilities Water Insurance

INDIA’S STEEL PRODUCTION (2015 -16)

PROBLEMS FACED BY IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY High costs and limited availability of coking coal Lower productivity of labour. Irregular supply of energy. Poor infrastructure. Liberalisation and Foreign direct investment have given a boost to the industry with the efforts of private entrepreneurs. There is a need to allocate resources for research and development of iron and steel industries.

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