IPY 2007 2008 1 st IPY International Ploar

IPY 2007 2008 ² 1 st IPY (International Ploar Year) (1882 1883) 12 countries participated ² 2 nd IPY (1932 1933) 40 countries participated ²IGY (1957 1958) 67 countries & 80, 000 scientists countries Common instruments and data processing Established the WDC system ²IPY 2007 2008 (March 2007 March 2009) ICSU and WMO cosponsoring ICSU : The International Council for Science WMO : World Meteorological Organization http: //www. ipy. org/

Objectives of IPY 2007 -08 • Utilise the vantage point of the polar regions to carry out an intensive and internationally coordinated research activities and observations. • Leave a legacy of observing sites, facilities and systems to support ongoing polar research and monitoring • Strengthen and enhance international collaboration and co operation in polar regions research and monitoring • Address both polar regions and their global interactions • Link researchers across different fields to address questions and issues lying beyond the scope of individual disciplines • Ensure data collected under the IPY are made available in an open and timely manner • Attract, engage and develop a new generation of polar researchers, engineers and logistics experts • Engage the awareness, interest and understanding of schoolchildren, the general public …. .

ＩＣＥＳＴＡＲ／ＩＨＹ計画 ICESTAR: Interhemispheric Conjugacy Effects in Solar Terrestrial and Aeronomy Research IHY: International Heliophysical Year どちらもIPYのEo. I (Expression of Intent) として 提案されたもの。２つ合わせて、ICESTAR/IHY として、１つの傘テーマとなった。

ＩＣＥＳＴＡＲ The improved bi polar observation capabilities will yield unprecedented opportunities to study especially the following topics: Ø Quantifying and understanding the similarities and differences between the Northern and Southern polar upper atmospheres, under the varying influence of the solar electromagnetic radiation and of the solar wind. ØQuantifying the effects on the polar ionosphere and atmosphere of the magnetospheric electromagnetic fields and plasma populations, from the radiation belts to the tail plasma. ØQuantifying the atmospheric consequences of the global electric circuit and further understanding the electric circuit in the middle atmosphere as guided by the electric fields generated at the solar wind magnetosphere interface.

ＩＣＥＳＴＡＲ will coordinate multinational research on teleconnection between the magnetosphere and ionosphere, and on the inter hemispheric conjugate relationships.

ＩＣＥＳＴＡＲ To facilitate the international collaboration and data sharing according to modern information management techniques, ICESTAR will establish a portal on the World Wide Web for geospace data and metadata and for tools to extract and reduce these data into value added products. The portal will appear as a set of Virtual Observatories as introduced in the Electronic Geophysical Year concept (http: //www. egy. org).

IHY Discover the physical mechanisms at work which couple the Earth to events in the heliosphere. ØCoordination of Scientific Campaigns: Review community proposals for IHY campaigns, Coordinate the input from spacecraft/observatory representatives, and Maintain the observing and campaign schedule. ØScientific Meetings and Publications: Arrange for the communication of scientific results to the broader science community, through meetings and coordination of campaign activities. ØPublic Outreach: Responsible for increasing public awareness of IHY activities, through the publication of newsletters, maintaining the website(s), writing articles, coordinating media affairs, and developing outreach products.

ICESTAR/IHYに含まれた、NIPRからのEo. I #422 Interhemispheric Study on Conjugacy and Non conjugacy of Auroral and Polar Ionospheric Disturbances using Ground based Observation Network Interhemispheric Study on Auroral Phenomena Lead contact : Akira Kadokura

ICESTAR/IHYに含まれた、NIPRからのEo. I #550 Coordinated radar studies of the Arctic and Antarctic middle and upper atmosphere during IPY 4 period (CRSAAMU) Radar studies of the Arctic and Antarctic middle and upper atmosphere Lead contact: Takehiko Aso

Mapping of Northern/Southern hemispheres with geomagnetic coordinate

Conjugate point of Syowa Station (IGRF model) Comparison of geomagnetic parameters (Epoch: 23: 20: 00 UT, 26 Sep, 2003) Station Glat (deg) Glon (deg) Inv. lat (deg) Mlon (deg) MLT (hr) at 0. 0 UT Tjornes 66. 20 -17. 12 66. 41 71. 26 23. 46 Syowa -69. 00 39. 58 66. 27 71. 75 23. 49 L value D (deg) I (deg) B (n. T) 6. 25 -16. 21 76. 57 52321 6. 17 -48. 68 -63. 61 43178

Instruments at conjugate stations SYOWA Iceland Fluxgate magnetometer ○ Induction magnetometer ○ Riometer ○ VLF receiver ○ Imaging Riometer ○ All sky TV camera ○ (only equinox) All sky monochromatic Imager ○ (from 2005) Meridian Scanning Photometer Fabry Perot Imager Super. DARN radar MF radar Ionosonde Multi beam VHF Doppler radar ○

Antarctic International Magnetometer Network (AIMNet) Mervyn Freeman (British Antarctic Survey). • Enhance existing Antarctic magnetometer base through coordination: – ~20 mag’s at national bases – 6 US AGO mag’s in field – 11 UK and 4 Japanese low power mag’s in field • Deploy new LPM clusters within 500 km of national stations/sites – e. g. , Italian proposal for 6 LPMs – What if others did same? – LPMs available from BAS under contract (~$20 k/unit) • Individual mag’s owned and operated by individual nations with full autonomy • All data accessible through BAS virtual hub.

Unmanned magnetometers in JARE-44 (2003) BAS-LPM ① Skallen [-69° 40′ 24″, 39° 24′ 07″E] 2003. 1/15 ~ 2003. 10/14 Syowa １ ② Cape Omega [-68° 34′ 39. 4″, 41° 04′ 54. 1″E] ２ ３ 1 H 100 1 ③ H 100 [69° 17'44"S, 41° 19'15"E] 2003. 1/2 ~ 2003. 10/22 2 2 Yamato Mt. 2003. 1/31 ~ 2004 1/28 Mizuho ④ Dome Fuji [77° 19'01"S, 39° 42'12"E] 2003. 2/6 ~ 2003. 5/29, 2003. 12/11 -2004. 6/9 JARE-45 (2004) BAS-LPM Belgian New Station 3 ① H 100 [69° 17'44"S, 41° 19'15"E] 2004. 8/18 ~10/20, 10/20~ ② Mizuho [70° 42‘ 7. 7"S, 44° 17‘ 4. 1"E] 2004. 10/18 ~ ③ Middle Point [74° 00’ 37. 0"S, 42° 59’ 30. 4"E] ４ 4 Dome Fuji 2004. 10/29 ~ ④ Dome Fuji [77° 19'01. 6"S, 39° 42’ 31. 7"E] 2004. 12/22 - JARE-46 (2005) NIPR-LPM ① S 122 [70° 01'16"S, 43° 07'39"E] ② MD 120 [71° 49'38"S, 44° 16'27"E] JARE-45 BAS-LPMs are continued.

Comparison of BAS and NIPR type LPMs BAS LPM NIPR LPM MAG 03 MC Resolution 16 bit Noise level 1 n. T 0. 2 n. T Low Pass Filter 100 Hz 15 Hz Power consumption (1 sec sampling) 0. 42 W 0. 16 W Magnetometer Data acquisition Command sending Iridium satellite Flash memory card × ○

HF radar network in the both hemisphere （Super. DARN）