IPv 6 Work in ITU CTO Forum Colombo

IPv 6 Work in ITU CTO Forum, Colombo, Sri-Lanka 13 September 2010 Malcolm Johnson Director of ITU-TSB Committed to connecting the world International Telecommunication Union

Agenda § Background § Concerns on IPv 6 as a public policy issue § Related ITU mandate and activities § Observation Committed to connecting the world

ITU and International Telecommunication Resource Management 1/2 ITU-T and Telecommunication naming/addressing resources § a function of ITU since 1872 § international level – ITU, national level – each country § ITU-T Recommendations: Ø PSTN：E. 164 and E. 164. 1 Ø SS 7：Q. 708 for International Signaling Point Codes (ISPCs) Ø Mobile：E. 212 for International Mobile Subscription Identities (IMSIs) Committed to connecting the world

ITU and International Telecommunication Resource Management 2/2 ITU-R and Geosynchronous Orbital Position § Orbital position plan with national allotments to guarantee ‘equitable access’ Ø Spectrum set aside for future use by all countries Ø Predetermined orbital position & frequency spectrum § “First Come, First Served” + “coordination before actual usage” § Radio Regulations: a binding international treaty Committed to connecting the world

IP Address Management Committed to connecting the world

Agenda § Background § Concerns on IPv 6 as a public policy issue § Related ITU mandate and activities § Observation Committed to connecting the world

IPv 4 Allocation 1/3 IPv 4 allocation per economy as of 15 May 2009 Committed to connecting the world

IPv 4 Allocation 2/3 IPv 4 addresses allocated during 2008 Committed to connecting the world

IPv 4 Allocation 3/3 # of IPv 4 addresses (as of 15 May 2009) (1) USA # of Internet users [k] (2008) (2) # of IPv 4 addresses per Internet user # of IPv 4 addresses person (3) Internet penetration [%] (2008) (4) 1'458'625'280 230'630. 0 6. 32 4. 68 74. 0 UK 87'576'152 46'683. 9 1. 88 1. 43 76. 2 France 85'168'064 42'315. 4 2. 01 1. 37 68. 2 Japan 170'107'648 95'979. 0 1. 77 1. 34 75. 4 China 201'264'896 298'000. 0 0. 68 0. 15 22. 3 India 18'577'664 51'750. 0 0. 36 0. 02 4. 4 Egypt 2'771'968 13'573. 0 0. 20 0. 03 16. 7 Africa 23'714'816 80'903. 2 0. 29 0. 02 8. 2 2'850'885'432 1'587'419. 8 1. 80 0. 42 23. 4 World (1) The NRO response to the TSB Questionnaire http: //www. nro. net/news/nro-response-to-itu. html (2) ITU ICT EYE (as of 18 March 2010)http: //www. itu. int/ITU-D/ICTEYE/Indicators. aspx (3) IPv 4 addresses/population, population data from ITU ICT EYE (4) Internet users/population Committed to connecting the world 9

Diverged Opinions on IPv 4 1/2 § Some ITU Members believe: ØIPv 4 address distribution correctly reflects development history and current usage of the Internet Committed to connecting the world

Diverged Opinions on IPv 4 2/2 § Some other ITU Members, mostly developing countries, feel that: Ø they have been disadvantaged - paid higher price for v 4 addresses Ø No extra v 4 address in stock, forced to be early-adopter of v 6 Ø They are more and more concerned that depletion of v 4 might further disadvantage them Committed to connecting the world

IPv 6 § Predicted IPv 4 depletion : § IPv 6 Deployment Status: Ø IANA – 08. 2011 Ø RIRs – 04. 2012 Committed to connecting the world

IPv 6 ADDRESS SPACE How much has been allocated to the RIRs? March 2010 Internet Number Resource Report Committed to connecting the world

IPv 6 Allocations RIRs to LIRs/ISPs How many allocations have been made by each RIR by year? Internet Number Resource the Report Committed to connecting world March 2010

IPv 6 ALLOCATIONS RIRs to LIRs/ISPs (Jan 1999 – Mar 2010) How many total allocations have been made by each RIR? In terms of /32 s, how much total space has each RIR allocated? Internet Number Resource Report Committed to connecting the world March 2010

Diverged Opinions on IPv 6 § Some believe: Ø IPv 6 deployment is driven by market forces at the economically optimum rate Ø Government’s role in IPv 6 should limited to set example to adopt IPv 6, but not to set any obligation to the industry. § Others believe: Ø IPv 6 deployment is a collective issue Ø Slow uptake is the ‘failure of free market’ Ø Governments should intervene by making policies to provide incentive to encourage IPv 6 deployment Committed to connecting the world

Is Scarcity still an issue for IPv 6? § Some believe scarcity is still a valid concern Ø IPv 6 space is immense, yet still not infinite Ø Enormous assignment unit Ø Extraordinary generous allocation at current stage § Others believe: Ø No scarcity issue in at least 50 years Ø Should scarcity issue occur in the future, Internet community will adjust policy accordingly Committed to connecting the world

Equitable Access to IPv 6? 1/2 § Some are of the view that: Ø‘First come, First served’ + need assessment is the proven best method to ensure efficiency ØSame principle should apply for IPv 6 ØCiting IPv 4 experience is misleading, because RIR system is already in place to ensure ‘equitable access’ Committed to connecting the world

Equitable Access to IPv 6? 2/2 § Others believe, for IPv 6 resource policy design, that: Ø If scarcity is not anymore an issue, fairness should precede efficiency Ø If scarcity is still a valid concern, equitable access to IPv 6 resource by nations should have even higher priority Ø IPv 6 resource should be managed in Country Internet Registry (CIR) model § The reasoning for regional allocation as opposed to central allocation could be seen as arguing in favor of national allocation as opposed to regional allocation Committed to connecting the world

Other Conflicting Opinions § Some governments would like IP address management take into account other considerations Ø Link IP address to identity to fight cybersecurity problems (e. g. spam, virus, cyber-attack, cybercrime, identity theft, etc) Ø To facilitate ‘more reasonable’ international Internet connectivity arrangement § Internet community objects strongly Ø Internet success = free market, anonymity Committed to connecting the world

Agenda § Background § Concerns on IPv 6 as a public policy issue § Related ITU mandate and activities § Observation Committed to connecting the world

ITU Mandates related to IPv 6 WSIS Principles and outcomes Decisions of ITU Membership WSIS - World Summit on the Information Society Committed to connecting the world 22

WSIS - Equitable access § Working Group on Internet Governance (WGIG) Report (June 2005) : Ø Ø § “In the light of the transition to IPv 6, some countries feel that allocation policies for IP addresses should ensure balanced access to resources on a geographical basis. ” (paragraph 22) “Transition to IPv 6 should ensure that allocation policies for IP addresses provide equitable access to resources. ” (paragraph 77) Background Report of WGIG: Ø Ø Ø “Others have argued that, …, a review of the current numbering management is required to ensure equitable distribution of resources and access for all into the future. ” (Paragraph 85) “Some governments have the position that the allocation of IP numbers, or some subset of these numbers, should be under the sovereignty of national governments and should be managed via a national Internet registry (NIR). ” (Paragraph 85) “ensuring more balanced use of the IPv 4 space, correcting the unbalanced distribution of IP numbers and sustainable transformation of the IP addressing system to IPv 6. ” (paragraph 105) Committed to connecting the world

WSIS - Governmental involvement § Background report of WGIG (2005): Ø Ø § “There is a lack of a global mechanism for participation by Governments, especially from developing countries, in addressing multisectoral issues related to global Internet policy development. ” (paragraph 19) there is currently limited involvement of either governments or civil society in the policy making or practical management of IP addresses, although generally RIRs encourage such groups to participate in RIR policy development. (paragraph 85) The Tunis Agenda for the Information Society recognized: Ø Ø “that all governments should have an equal role and responsibility for international Internet governance” (paragraph 68). the need for enhanced cooperation in the future, to enable governments, on an equal footing, to carry out their roles and responsibilities, in international public policy issues pertaining to the Internet (paragraph 69) Committed to connecting the world

ITU Resolutions WTSA Res PP. Resolution 10 1 (Rev. Antalya 2 006) Internet Protocolbased networks PP. Resolution 10 2 (Rev. Antalya 2 006) ITU’s role with reg ard to internation al public policy issues perta ining to the Intern et and the management of Internet resou rces, including domain names an d addresses PP. Resolution 13 3 (Rev. Antalya 2 006) Role of administr ations of Member States in the management of internationaliz ed (multilingual) do main names ITU Council 2008 Resolution 1282 (Mod) ITU’s role in imple menting the outc omes of the World Summ it on the Informa tion society WTSA Resolution s 64 (Rev. Johan nesburg, 2008) IP address alloca tion and encoura ging the deployment of IP v 6 olution 75 (Rev. Johannesburg, 20 ITU-T’s contributi 08) on in implementi n g the outcomes of the World Sum mit on the Inform ation Society, and the establish ment of a Dedicat ed Group on Internet related P ublic Policy Issues as an integral part of the Counci l Working Group o n the World Summit on the In formation Society WTDC Programm e 3 (Rev. Doha, 2 006) E-strategies and I CT applications WTDC Resolution 20 (Rev. Doha, 2 006) Non-discriminator y access to moder n telecommunicatio n and information technology facilities and servi ces WTDC RESOLUTI ON 30 (Rev. Doha, 2006) Role of the ITU T elecommunicatio n Development Sector in implem enting the outcom es of the World Summit on the Information S ociety WTPF Draft Opin ion 5 (Lisbon, May 2009) Capacity Building in support of adop tion of IPv 6 Committed to connecting the world

Standardization 1/2 § ITU-T study on ‘Impacts of IPv 6 into the Next Generation Network (NGN)’ – mainly in SG 13 Q. 7 Ø Y. 2051: General overview of IPv 6 -based NGN Ø Y. 2052: Framework of multi-homing in IPv 6 based NGN Ø Y. 2053: Functional requirements for IPv 6 migration in NGN Ø Y. 2054: Framework to support signalling for IPv 6 -based NGN Committed to connecting the world

Standardization 2/2 § ITU-T SG 13 Roadmap for future IPv 6 Standards Committed to connecting the world

WTSA-2008 Resolution 64 ‘IP address allocation and encouraging the deployment of IPv 6’ § project to assist developing countries § website on IPv 6 § training activities § study IPv 6 address allocation and registration Committed to connecting the world

ITU-T Study Group 3 meeting (19 -23 Jan. 2009) § § Many developing countries had requested that the TSB become an additional registry for IP addresses so that countries could have the option of obtaining IP addresses directly from ITU. This request should be evaluated and its advantages and disadvantages should be reported in the study that the Director of TSB is instructed to present to Council 2009 (Resolution 64). Committed to connecting the world

Assisting Developing Countries § ITU IPv 6 Project led by ITU-BDT § Objectives Ø understand the regional needs of developing countries Ø raise awareness Ø encourage deployment and create joint programs between developing country members with similar agenda Ø to facilitate the adoption of IPv 6 in the world. § Key elements: Committed to connecting the world

Studies as requested by WTSA Res. 64 § Country Internet Registry (CIR) Ø A Study on IPv 6 Address Allocation and Distribution Methods by NAv 6, Universiti Sains Malaysia, impact of CIRs to the global routing table. § Economic Factors in IP Policy Design Ø Economic Factors in the Allocation of IP Addresses by Prof. Milton Mueller Ø Transferable Address Block Lease (TABL): provider-independent blocks (/48~/32) at a fee, no ‘need assessment’ Committed to connecting the world

Secretariat Discussions § § ICANN, RIPE-NCC, ITU (mid 2009) cooperation to help developing countries: Ø Ø Ø § awareness-raising on IPv 6 urgency Training on IPv 6 policy capacity building a global policy proposal suggested Ø Ø Draft by ITU, follow the RIR policy process Reserve an IPv 6 block for future needs of developing countries Committed to connecting the world

ITU 2009 Council Decision § Approved Dir. TSB recommendation to create a joint ITU-T/D Group on IPv 6, to Ø Draft the global policy proposal Ø Study § § § ‘equitable access’ to IPv 6 resource Should ITU become another Internet Registry? How ITU should manage a reserved IPv 6 block? Should the CIR model be recommended to those countries requesting it? Ø Assist the implementation of the ITU IPv 6 project § Open to Internet Community Committed to connecting the world

IPv 6 Group 1/3 § § 1 st meeting on 15 -16 March 2010 Emphasized: Ø Ø Ø § Problem/failure of current system needs to be identified first Solution within the existing system first Only after failure of current system has been proven, any other arrangement, such as involvement of ITU in the IP address allocation, should be considered. Two Correspondence Groups setup: Ø Ø CG 1 to implement the project to encourage IPv 6 deployment CG 2 to further identify/study issues related to IP address management policy/system Committed to connecting the world

IPv 6 Group 2/3 § § CG 1 hasn’t provided much guidance to the ITU Project document on capacity building for IPv 6 CG 2 had active discussions, but concerns/issues raised were considered by the majority of contributors as out of its Terms of Reference. It concluded that there was no technical issues identified with the current system. Committed to connecting the world

IPv 6 Group 3/3 § 2 nd meeting on 1 -2 Sept 2010 Continue work on the ITU capacity building Project in a group coordinated by ITU-BDT CG 2 was put in dormant Consult Internet technical community (IETF/IAB, NRO, ICANN) on Ø Ø Ø § § Syria contribution ‘problems & solutions’ (C 19) Concerns on ‘IPv 4 issues’ raised by Saudi Arabia (TD 14) NAv 6 study on the Country Internet Registry model (TD 3) 3 rd meeting on 7 -8 April 2011, in ITU, Geneva, Switzerland Committed to connecting the world

Agenda § Background § Concerns on IPv 6 as a public policy issue § Related ITU mandate and activities § Observation Committed to connecting the world

Observations 1/2 § Development of Internet is at a critical moment § IPv 6 could be a ‘market failure’ if solely rely on industry initiative § Governments and inter-governmental organizations are asked to play their respective roles Committed to connecting the world

Observations 2/2 § ITU could help to get all 192 Member States involved § However ITU membership are diverged on what role it should play § Look forward to more contributions from ITU Members to the upcoming PP-10 Committed to connecting the world

Useful Links § ITU IPv 6 portal: http: //www. itu. int/ipv 6 § ITU IPv 6 Group homepage: http: //www. itu. int/ITUT/othergroups/ipv 6/index. html Committed to connecting the world

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