IPv 6 transition strategies IPv 6 forum OSAKA

IPv 6 transition strategies IPv 6 forum OSAKA 12/19/2000 1/29

IPv 6 transition strategies IPv 6 forum OSAKA 12/19/2000 2/29 IPv 6 transition strategies Alain Durand Staff Engineer Sun Microsystems, Inc. Co-chair of the IETF NGtrans working group

Outline IPv 6 transition strategies IPv 6 forum OSAKA 12/19/2000 3/29 " History " Why is it a difficult problem? " Approach " NGtrans story " Tools " Case study

History " IPv 6 transition strategies Previous Internet transition: 1983 – Transition from NCP to TCP happened overnight. It was a nightmare. . . – There was only few hundred hosts at the time. . . IPv 6 forum OSAKA " Lessons learned: – There would be no D day in IPv 4 to IPv 6 transition. – Some transition mechanisms MUST be defined to allow IPv 4 and IPv 6 hosts to talk to each other. 12/19/2000 4/29

Why is it a difficult problem? IPv 6 transition strategies IPv 6 forum " " IPv 6 "had" a chicken and egg problem. " Early IPv 6 adopters face Meltcafe law: – "The value of a network is proportional to the square of the number of users. " OSAKA " 12/19/2000 5/29 IPv 4 is a huge success story: 150 millions + hosts We are still very early in the transition. – We are talking about a 10 year process…

Approach " IPv 6 transition strategies IPv 6 forum – From the core out… – From the edges in… " – Incremental deployment " 6/29 Constraints – Do not disrupt IPv 4 traffic OSAKA 12/19/2000 Strategies Solutions – Not one tool, but a toolbox

NGtrans story Part 1: the network IPv 6 " transition strategies IPv 6 forum OSAKA " Use IPv 6 in IPv 4 tunnels. – Use the Internet as a media. Use IPv 6 over any layer 2 links. – It is just another layer 3 protocol. – Reuse the physical infrastructure. 12/19/2000 7/29

NGtrans story Part 2: the stacks IPv 6 transition strategies " IPv 6 forum " OSAKA 12/19/2000 8/29 "Hosts" & "Routers" will get hybrid stacks. – The IPv 4 part will not necessarily be configured. – Tunnels will be used to bypass IPv 4 only routers. Those stacks may come as software upgrades – Some hardware change may be necessary. " New “device” may choose to implement an IPv 6 -only stack. – e. g. : cellular phones.

NGtrans story Part 3: the applications IPv 6 transition strategies " " IPv 6 forum OSAKA 12/19/2000 9/29 IPv 6 ready applications are needed. Some sort of interoperability is needed in between IPv 4 and IPv 6. – Interoperability has a cost. 100% interoperability is not always necessary/possible. Network architect would pick the right tool to achieve the desired level of interoperability.

Basic mechanism: Hybrid stack (a. k. a. dual stack) IPv 6 transition strategies IPv 6 forum OSAKA " " A node can "talk" IPv 4 & IPv 6. New applications support both IPv 4 & IPv 6. – No need for two set of applications, one for v 4, one for Application v 6. TCP/UDP IPv 6 IPv 4 LAN 12/19/2000 10/29

Basic mechanism: Tunnel IPv 6 transition strategies " IPv 6 packets are "encapsulated" within IPv 4 packets. IPv 6 forum OSAKA 12/19/2000 11/29 IPv 4 IPv 6 TCP/UDP Payload

Network tools " IPv 6 transition strategies Automatic tunnels – Very little usage. " 6 over 4 – Interesting within an IPv 4 multicast site. IPv 6 forum " – Widely deployed in the 6 bone. OSAKA 12/19/2000 12/29 Configured tunnels – Require manual configuration. " Tunnel Broker " 6 to 4

Connecting two IPv 6 clouds: Configured tunnel IPv 6 transition strategies IPv 6 forum IPv 4 IPv 6 tunnel IPv 6 OSAKA hybrid stack routers 12/19/2000 13/29

Connecting an isolated host: Tunnel Broker/1 IPv 6 transition strategies tunnel broker IPv 4 Internet IPv 6 forum OSAKA 12/19/2000 14/29 tunnel request IPv 6 Internet isolated hybrid stack host

Tunnel Broker/2 IPv 6 transition strategies tunnel broker IPv 4 Internet IPv 6 forum OSAKA 12/19/2000 15/29 isolated hybrid stack host tunnel config tunnel server IPv 6 Internet

Tunnel Broker/3 IPv 6 transition strategies IPv 4 Internet IPv 6 forum OSAKA 12/19/2000 16/29 tunnel isolated hybrid stack host tunnel server IPv 6 Internet

6 to 4 mechanism • One IPv 4 global address => one /48 IPv 6 site prefix IPv 6 transition strategies pre-defined 2001 IPv 6 forum OSAKA ISPv 4 assigned IPv 4 managed SLA auto-configured Interface ID 48 bits 16 bits 64 bits • Stateless tunnels span over the IPv 4 infrastruc 12/19/2000 without configuration to reach other 6 to 4 doma 17/29

IPv 6 transition strategies IPv 6 forum OSAKA Building automatic extranets: Connecting IPv 6 clouds with 6 to 4 IPv 6 6 to 4 hybridstack routers IPv 6 12/19/2000 18/29 IPv 4 6 to 4 tunnels

Other tools Translator IPv 6 transition strategies IPv 6 forum OSAKA • IP level • SIIT • NAT-PT • TCP level • TCP-relays • SOCKS • Application level 12/19/2000 19/29 • Bump in the API • Proxies Non translator • DSTM (Dual Stack Transition Mechanism)

Case study: phase 0 IPv 4 site IPv 6 transition strategies IPv 4 site NFS v 4 web IPv 6 forum OSAKA v 4 web pop client v 4 client routers proxy IPv 4 Internet routers v 4 Private address space 12/19/2000 Exit router NATv 4 ALGs IPv 4 only host IPv 4 only router 20/29 IPv 4 only network

Case study: phase 1 hybrid stack servers & routers IPv 6 transition strategies NFS v 4/v 6 IPv 6 forum OSAKA v 4/v 6 pop web proxy client IPv 4 Internet v 4 client v 4 routers v 4/v 6 site 12/19/2000 web v 4/v 6 routers Exit router NATv 4 ALGs Hybrid v 4/v 6 host Hybrid v 6/v 6 router 21/29 Hybrid v 4/v 6 network

Case study: phase 2 hybrid stack clients IPv 6 transition strategies NFS v 4/v 6 IPv 6 forum OSAKA v 4/v 6 client web pop proxy v 4/v 6 client 22/29 IPv 4 Internet client v 4/v 6 site 12/19/2000 web v 4/v 6 routers v 4 router Exit router NATv 4 ALGs

Case study: phase 3 6 to 4 connection IPv 6 transition strategies IPv 4 Internet NFS v 4/v 6 IPv 6 forum OSAKA v 4/v 6 client web pop web v 4/v 6 routers proxy v 4/v 6 client 6 to 4 tunnels client v 4/v 6 site v 4 router Other 6 to 4 sites Exit router NATv 4 6 to 4 router ALGs 12/19/2000 IPv 6 tunnel over IPv 4 23/29

Case study: phase 3 bis Building extranets IPv 6 transition strategies IPv 4 Internet v 4/v 6 IPv 6 forum OSAKA v 4/v 6 client web NFS v 4/v 6 routers pop proxy v 4/v 6 client 24/29 v 4/v 6 routers pop v 4 client v 4 router web proxy client v 4/v 6 site A 12/19/2000 6 to 4 tunnel v 4/v 6 Exit routers NATv 4 ALGs 6 to 4 router v 4 v 4/v 6 client v 4/v 6 site B v 4/v 6 client

Case study: phase 4 IPv 6 only hosts IPv 6 transition strategies IPv 4 Internet NFS v 4/v 6 IPv 6 forum OSAKA v 4/v 6 client web pop v 4/v 6 routers web proxy 6 to 4 tunnels v 4/v 6 client v 6 v 4/v 6 site v 6 only router Other 6 to 4 sites Exit router NATv 4 ALGs 6 to 4 router 12/19/2000 IPv 6 only host IPv 6 only router 25/29 IPv 6 only network

Case study: phase 5 IPv 6 only hosts to IPv 4 servers IPv 6 transition strategies IPv 6 forum OSAKA IPv 4 Internet printer v 4/v 6 print server 26/29 web proxy 6 to 4 tunnels v 4/v 6 router client v 6 v 4/v 6 site 12/19/2000 v 4 router v 6 router Exit router NATv 4 v 4/v 6 ALGs 6 to 4 router Other 6 to 4 sites

Case study: phase 6 Native IPv 6 connection IPv 6 transition strategies IPv 4 Internet v 4/v 6 IPv 6 forum OSAKA v 4/v 6 client web pop 27/29 v 4/v 6 routers 6 to 4 tunnels proxy v 4/v 6 client IPv 6 ISPs client v 6 v 4/v 6 site 12/19/2000 web NFS Other 6 to 4 sites v 6 only router Exit v 4/v 6 router NATv 4 v 4/v 6 ALGs 6 to 4 router IPv 6 Site

Case study: phase 99 IPv 6 site / IPv 6 Internet IPv 6 transition strategies IPv 6 Internet NFS v 6 IPv 6 forum OSAKA v 6 client web v 6 client pop client v 6 IPv 6 site 12/19/2000 28/29 v 6 routers NAT-PT or proxies v 6 routers Exit router to IPv 6 ISP IPv 4 Interne t

References IPv 6 transition strategies " IPv 6 forum " http: //www. 6 bone. net OSAKA " http: //www. 6 bone. net/ngtrans " http: //www. ipv 6 forum. com 12/19/2000 29/29 http: //playground. sun. com/ip ng

IPv 6 transition strategies IPv 6 forum OSAKA 12/19/2000 30/29