IPv 6 Redes de Nova Gerao Experincia em

IPv 6 Redes de Nova Geração/ Experiência em Portugal José Fernandes FCCN Seminários do IST - Taguspark Março 2005

Next Generation Internet – IPv 6 • • • Address space with IPv 4 is being depleted Addressing space is the most visible feature of IPv 6 uses 128 bits addresses, pushing theoretical limit of unique IPv 6 nodes to about 340 billion unique addresses! • A must to implement “always-on”, mobility, peer-to-peer communications, machine-to-machine communications, . . . • · Other significant capabilities of IPv 6 include: • • • Integrated quality of service (Qo. S), Reintroduces end-to-end security, Automatic configuration (plug and play), data multicasting, More efficient network route aggregation at the global backbone level. . IPv 6 is a key issue on the road ahead to the e-economy. 2

Some recent tidbits “There is a kind of capacity problem. How is the Net going to support billions of additional users and devices, and new data-hungry applications? ” Vint Cerf (Intel Development Conference, San Francisco sept 2004) « …the PC-centric era is fast giving way to the wireless age. The trend is most apparent in Asia where cellphones with Net access are the computing gizmo of choice. There about 10 x more cell phones capable of handling e-mail and Web surfing being sold than PCs …… China is planning to adopt IPv 6 more rapidly than any other country in the world. And if Huawei’s close ties to the Chinese Government help it become the early leader in the technology, it could get the jump on rivals such as Cisco, Alcatel and Lucent. . » Business Week sept 27 th 2004 issue, « Tech’s future » pp 82 -89 3

17 billion Traditional Networkable Devices! Sun Microsystems estimates that including sensor and RFID networks the world could have a trillion communicating devices in a decade! A fraction of those will make the dam burst! 4

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IPv 4 Address Assignment Ranking as of April 7, 2003 Rank Country Name N. of IPv 4 address Share 1, 246, 274, 560 66. 90% 103, 830, 016 5. 57% 1 The United States 2 Japan 3 Canada 62, 013, 952 3. 33% 4 The Great Britain 50, 894, 080 2. 73% 5 Germany 48, 699, 648 2. 61% 6 France 37, 210, 112 2. 00% 7 China 30, 719, 744 1. 65% 8 The Netherlands 28, 527, 872 1. 53% 9 Korea 26, 208, 768 1. 41% 29 India 2, 683, 136 0. 14% 41 Portugal 1, 597, 952 0. 09% 6

Some perceived IPv 6 drivers • Mobile IP • Peer 2 peer networking • Peer 2 peer gaming • Peer 2 peer voice over IP • RFID networks • Sensor networks • Critical mass of digital end-user devices • Critical Mass of ADSL and cable digital access • Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, Mobile tech, Zigbee…. • National policies and economic weight 7

Mobile IP as IPv 6 driver • • Mobile nodes must be able to move from router to router without losing end-to-end connection • A home address to maintain connectivity • Many, many care-of address to maintains route-ability billions of care-of addresses needed in the future: forget v 4 8

Peer to peer networking as IPv 6 Driver • Entertainment content sharing • Science content sharing • Distributed data processing • Napster, Kazaa, Morpheus, • Grokster, Gnutella … • Quarknet • SDSS • Neptune… • SETI@home • Folding@home • Fightaids@home… Sloan Digital Sky Survey 9

Peer to peer Vo. IP as IPv 6 Driver ? • Aug 29 th 2003: Skype set up in Stockholm by Niklas Zennstrom and Janus Friis, founders of Kazaa. Promises high quality p 2 p phone calls over the internet to always-on customers (ADSL and cable). • • April 6 th 2004: launches Pocket. Skype for Wi-Fi hotspot access • “We have a big ambition with Skype: it is to make it the global telephone company” (Int’l Herald Tribune oct 13 th 2003). • July 2004: Teleglobe, Level 3, i. Basis provide Skype PSTN termination. • Skype reaches 28 million users Based on e 2 e Vo. IP, a good algorithm for voice, PC’s with headsets. 10

P 2 P gaming as IPv 6 Driver • Gaming market is projected to exceed $5 billion by 2006. • On line gaming today is mostly client/server: creates serious bandwidth and processing bottlenecks • • Xbox and Playstation are IPv 6 ready Korea’s Ncsoft becomes the number one on-line game developer. 11

RFID’s as IPv 6 driver • • Current RFID’s contain 18 bytes of data. Wal-Mart Stores Inc. 's top 100 suppliers already attach RFID tags to shipping pallets so the chain can track shipments; all suppliers by 2006. • • Generalized use of RFID implies terabytes of traffic daily. RFID tags considered for passports and even banknotes IATA might mandate RFID as baggage tags RFID in casino chips in Vegas! 12

Sensor networks as IPv 6 driver • Self organizing sensor networks (DARPA Sensit project) • Smart Dust and follow-up projects : Goal is autonomous sensing and communication in a cubic millimeter • Intel Deep Network projects • “Locally networking billions of embedded nodes, driving computing deeper into the infrastructure that surrounds us. ” • Radio Free Intel : vision of adding wireless capabilities to every device by integrating the radio circuits and systems directly into every component • Intel’s Planetlab? 13

«Countdown to a battle for the living room » (Financial Times Jan 14 th 2004) • The Consumer Electronic show in Vegas early January saw the first serious salvos in what could be a titanic battle between the computer industry (Intel, Microsoft) and the electronics industry (Sony, Philips, Toshiba, Panasonic. . ) • The essence of the battle is a kind of a home « mediacenter » with all devices connected in a plug and play mode, preferably wireless. • « once music, video, photography and mobile telephone become digitized, recording, replaying and editing become an exercise in applied computing » • Sony had already announced that starting 2005 all its products will be IPv 6 enabled. The Microsoft Xbox also. Let the battle start! 14

IP(v 6) Digital Home 15

IP(v 6) Convering Digital World 16

Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, Zig. Bee, Mobile-Fi, Ultrawideband…. • Will the convergence of cellular telephony and IP come on the heels of fixed line telephony and IP? • Vo. IP is considered disruptive for fixed line carriers business models at this stage. Will cellular telephony be the next battlefront? Business Week, April 26 th 2004 17

China’s weight in the internet balance Source: Business Week March 15 th 2004 issue 18

Some Press News • ISPs ignore IP timebomb, ISPs are storing up trouble by ignoring IPv 6 [01 -04 -2003] • The predicted surge in users signing up for "always-on" broadband • • • connections will force service providers to upgrade to IPv 6 in the next few years. The broadband 'explosion' is still a relatively manageable number, but not for long… Mobile vendor unveils first IPv 4/IPv 6 handset [11 -11 -2003] Verio Starts Commercial IPv 6 Services in North America [12 -10 - 2003] • The Chinese government announced that it will help Chinese service providers in building IPv 6 -based next generation infrastructure on a national scale [12 -12 -2003] • NTT East announced that it will start commercial IPv 4/IPv 6 dual stack service at the beginning of 2004 [26 -12 -2003]. • • Telefónica introduced the first services based on IPv 6, during the “IPv 6 Global Launch Event”, under the organization of EC [Jan 2004]. Google getting ready for IPv 6 19

Where are we Today with IPv 6? • IPv 6 is a mature technology • • • Stable base standards (still being polished, as with IPv 4!) Stable products (routers & operating systems, etc. ) Emerging ISP support Large stable public domain applications Emerging commercial applications and middleware IPv 6 is a committed technology • • • Required for full 3 G deployment Required by defence industry Required by emerging markets and economies Required for further innovation Required to mitigate the digital divide 20

IPv 6 em Portugal 21

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The Portuguese IPv 6 Task Force Activity • • Kick-off meeting, February 2003 2 nd meeting, July 2003 • All main players were present • The path and the calendar for the transition to IPv 6 were discussed • The main objectives of the TF and the initiatives leading to a timely adoption of IPv 6 in Portugal were discussed • Six WG were established (see http: //www. ipv 6 -tf. com. pt) • • • The WGs had several meetings Raise IPv 6 awareness and organized public events IPv 6 questionnaire to Telecom operators and ISPs • Preliminary results available 23

Giga. PIX in IPv 6 • O Giga. Pix is a platform, hosted by FCCN, to exchange IP traffic between IP netwoks • Objectives of Giga. Pix • To improve the interconnection performance of Portuguese IP • Networks. To avoid the use of international resources to exchange IP data packets orginated and terminated in Portugal • There are 5 members (+ FCCN) connected in IPv 6. • The ROOT server (F) is present in Giga. PIX since April 2004, and also replies in IPv 6 (2001: 500: : 1035). • DNS. PT in IPv 6 • The domain registry service. PT already allows the definition of IPv 6 domains, according to RFC 1886 24

IPv 6 Native Connections To RCTS (Portuguese NREN) 2001: 690: 2040: : /48 2001: 690: 2200: : /48 2001: 690: 2006: : /48 2001: 690: 23 D 0: : /48 2001: 690: 2100: : /48 2001: 690: 2080: : /48 25

Portuguese IPv 6 Addressing Seen @ (has 21 members) : 2001: 690: : /32 2001: 8 A 0: : /32 2001: 818: : /32 2001: B 28: : /32 2001: A 40: : /32 2001: 1588: : /32 2001: 15 D 8: : /32 26

Main Known «Holes» Lack of Cable and DSL Companies providing Native IPv 6 Few people inside ISPs/Enterprises interested in IPv 6 benefits Others: How to make €€€ out of IPv 6 ? ? ? – more focus on revenues needed, not on savings 27

Main Running Projects/Iniatives 28

6 NET • FCCN Leads the WP 3: Basic Network Services – Routing, DNS, DHCP, registry procedures, Qo. S, and multicasting. 29

Broadband IPv 6 World-Wide • FCCN participates in GEANT (also GN 2) and ALICE 30

The New generation of Portuguese NREN • A cable with 48 Optical fibres • Covers 70% of the community • Rights of way for 18 years • To be operational by the end of Q 1 2005 31

Broadband Schools 32

1 School, 1 Broadband Connection 1 GOALS § Connect all basic and secondary schools (aprox. 9000) to the Internet through a broadband connection, allowing all students and teachers to have access to online knowledge and educational resources § This measure will be complemented by the development of an education resource databank and the installation of 1 PC per classroom 2 CPE is IPv 6 compliant 3 ONGOING – FINAL STAGE § Under discussion with operator to make the network operating native IPv 6 § First example of public demand aggregation launched in February 2004 § a regionalised public international tender for the provision of voice services and broadband connections to a universe of aprox. 9000 schools 33

How Portuguese market Players feel about IPv 6? Results of the IPv 6 Questionnaire 34

Results of the IPv 6 Questionnaire(I) Question Is transition to IPv 6 depending on Technical aspects Stable standards (MIP and UMTS) DNS functionality Still a problem? Mobile ISPs Cable Yes, it represents more than half of Fixed Yes (!) the problem Still a problem Yes (!) Still a problem Concerns on configuration and interoperability with IPv 4 Network Access Each tech needs to be verified and certified Lack/cost Security (IPSec, Firewalls, NATs) IPSec helps; Lack of Firewalls NAT good ! NAT good NAT bad Interoperability constraints No (!) Yes (!) Impact on Network architecture Yes Yes (!) 35

Results of the IPv 6 Questionnaire(II) Question Mobile ISPs Fixed Yes (!) Yes IPv 6 Appl. (Lack of) IPv 6 helps new Appl. ? Cable P-2 -p Equipment, incl. CPE Yes Lack of compatib. Reduced offer Transition Date 2010 2015 2010 Is IPv 6 Important for your activity Will be (!) Will be You have IPv 6 Address Yes (1) No Yes For what Start service Clear advantages beyond addr. space There are market/economic barriers to impl. IPv 6 Testing Yes/no - No conclusion Yes, transition costs: new equip. , net manag 36

Results of the IPv 6 Questionnaire(III) • • Main conclusions • • There is lack of interest in IPv 6 in a few players Some lack of IPv 6 knowledge among a few players They see very few benecfits in IPv 6 – essentially address space They see technical and market barriers to implement IPv 6 What to do? • • • Raise awareness Training Organise events Demostrate the advantages of a timely transition Show them how important will be IPv 6 for their business 37

Result of IPv 6 Survey to Japanese Internet Users http: //www. ipv 6 style. jp/en/enq/20040730/index. shtml 38

Result of IPv 6 Survey to Japanese Internet Users • • Valid responses from 510 users. • As for their involvement with IPv 6 • In another question, 75. 5% said they knew the word IPv 6 including its meaning. • Overall, respondents of this survey have a high interest or awareness on IPv 6. As for Internet experience of respondents, 54. 7% have used Internet for 6 to 10 years, and 25. 9% have used Internet for 10 years or more. • 44. 9% were (IPv 6 -related) product/service user • 35. 9% said no involvement with IPv 6, • 4. 9% were providers of related products and services 39

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Conclusions • • Digital convergence is happening IP is becoming the unifying services architecture IPv 6 resolves address limitations of IPv 4 IPv 6 also enables new services which cannot be implemented with IPv 4 • “Always-on” for every human being, Peer-to-Peer connectivity on global scale, etc. • Challenges of mobile and wireless Internet can only be met by IPv 6 • IPv 4 provides costly, limited, inefficient, insecure, patchy alternative IPv 6 transition has already started 43