IPTV Overview Presented to Internet 2 IPTV Summit

IPTV Overview Presented to Internet 2 IPTV Summit October 8, 2007 Wes Simpson Telecom Product Consulting

Internet TV Explodes • March 2007 traffic data shows huge growth – Total streams from US sources: 7 billion – Total unique viewers: 126 million – You. Tube: 1. 1 billion streams, 53 million viewers • Compares with 100 million streams per month in mid-2006 for You. Tube • Average viewer consumed 55 streams in March 2007, or nearly 2 per day 2007 data from com. Score press release, June 4, 2007 Telecom Product Consulting

Why TV over the Internet? • Many user-friendly features – Choose your content and timing (a giant DVR) – Millions of titles available, mostly for free – Social aspects (sharing, linking) • Simple for providers – Uses existing networks (no need to build one) – No negotiations for spectrum or CATV space Telecom Product Consulting

Why Use IP for Video? • Flexibility – One network for e-mail, file transfer, instant messaging, voice, video • Cost – Very inexpensive in local area, reasonable in metro and wide area • Ubiquity – Reach anywhere in the world, vast majority of businesses and most households have Internet connections Telecom Product Consulting

A Few Key Terms • IPTV – Internet Protocol TV – Uses private networks, set top boxes (STBs) – Closely resembles CATV and DTH Satellite • Internet Video – Uses public networks, PC’s or network appliances • Mobile TV – Video delivery to mobile phone handsets – Can be IP data or broadcast (DVB-H) Telecom Product Consulting

Video Compression • All digital video is delivered to consumers in compressed form – Broadcast TV (DTV, HDTV), Satellite TV, IPTV, CATV, Internet Video, DVD and HD-DVD • MPEG-2 is only approved format for Broadcast TV • MPEG-4 is often used in IPTV • Other formats include WM 9 (VC 1) Telecom Product Consulting

Video Rate Comparison • • • Uncompressed HD Video – 1485 Mbps Uncompressed SD Video – 270 Mbps Video Cameras – 25, 50, 100 Mbps HD-DVD – 30 Mbps, DVD – 8 Mbps MPEG-2: HD 12 -20 Mbps, SD 3 -8 Mbps MPEG-4: HD 6 -10 Mbps, SD 1. 5 -3 Mbps Telecom Product Consulting

Encoders and Decoders • MPEG compression is highly asymmetrical – Encoders are much more complex (and expensive) than decoders • MPEG-4 is more complex than MPEG-2 – 2 x more efficient compression (half bandwidth) • Both hardware and software decoders – Software typical for Internet Video – Hardware typical for IPTV Telecom Product Consulting

Internet Video vs. IPTV • Related terms, with different meanings – Both refer to video delivery over IP networks – Both used compressed video with decoders located at the viewers’ premises – Both can be used for live, pre-recorded and Video-on-Demand (Vo. D) applications – But, significant differences exist Telecom Product Consulting

Internet Video • Wide range of sources, compression techniques – Viewed on personal computer or network appliance • Must operate over unreliable network – Delayed or missing packets – Wide range of connection speeds • Dedicated stream to each viewer (no multicast) Telecom Product Consulting

Internet Video Streaming Architecture Telecom Product Consulting

Internet Video Delivery Options • Streaming – Video file is delivered to viewer at same rate that it plays out; used for live events • Download and play – Video file is completely sent to viewer and then played out immediately; prerecorded only • Podcasting – Video file is delivered to viewer for playout in future; grants some ownership to viewers Telecom Product Consulting

IPTV • Continuous broadcast of video channels – Similar to broadcast, CATV or satellite – Viewed on television via STB • All channels are compressed the same • Typically implemented on private network – Multicasting supported – Rate/priority control of non-video data Telecom Product Consulting

IPTV Basic Architecture Video Serving Office (VSO) Satellite Video and Local Compression Video Receive Video Trunking DSL Access Multiplexer Local (DSLAM) End Office (LEO) DSL Modem Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) IP Set Top Box (STB) Phone Home Viewer Telecom Product Consulting

IPTV Delivery • DSL circuits have very limited bandwidth – Typically 8 -20 Mbps downstream to viewer – Limited number of video streams – One stream per television • Channel change occurs inside network – Switching required at DSLAM – Different from Broadcast, Satellite and CATV Telecom Product Consulting

IPTV vs. Internet Video Summary IPTV Continuous TV channels Private network Hundreds of channels STB with Television Walled content garden Similar to CATV Paid by subscription Internet Video Discrete video files Public network Millions of files PC or network appliance Viewer beware Similar to Web surfing Often free Telecom Product Consulting

Mobile TV • Can be similar to Internet Video – Uses datacom network (such as 3 G) – Discrete video files (mobisodes) • Can also be similar to IPTV – Uses DVB-H or other broadcast network – Continuous channels of video • Key issues are coverage, content prep, and handheld battery life Telecom Product Consulting

Multicasting Issues • Great for live content – all viewers see the same content at the same time • Limited interactivity – no fast-forward • Only on private networks – Internet is not multicast-enabled • Often used in IPTV for broadcast TV Telecom Product Consulting

Summary • Internet Video: Discrete files in variety of formats from many sources unicasted over the Internet to PCs; uses streaming, download+play, or podcasting • IPTV: Continuous channels of uniformat, licensed content multicasted via private networks to STBs and consumer TVs; uses live streaming • Rapid development is blending these categories • Both technologies have roles to play in the future Telecom Product Consulting

IPTV Issues • • • Obtaining Content Rights and Data Cost of Digital Head-End Speed of Channel Change Bandwidth per Stream Scaling to Large Viewer Counts Telecom Product Consulting

IPTV Business Models Presented to Internet 2 IPTV Summit October 8, 2007 Wes Simpson Telecom Product Consulting

Key Television Services • • • Local Over-the-Air Channels (Must Carry? ) Basic-Tier Cable Channels (ESPN, CNN) Premium Cable Channels (HBO, Showtime) Local Advertising Emergency Broadcast System Video on Demand Telecom Product Consulting

IPTV System Cost Elements Cost Element Cost Basis Description Video Content Recurring fee per month per viewer Paid to Content Suppliers, such as Broadcast Networks Delivery Network Fixed, Up Front Cost of IP Network, part common equipment, part per-subscriber STB (Set Top Box) Fixed Per Subscriber Often rentals, sometimes purchased by consumers Digital Head End Fixed, Up Front Receives Video Signals, converts into proper IP format Content Servers Fixed, scales with capacity Used for Video-on-Demand Advertising EPG (Electronic Program Guide) Recurring, scales with number of channels & subs May be produced locally by IPTV provider or acquired from service bureau Telecom Product Consulting

Costs of Programming Network Fee Per Subscriber Per Month (2006) ESPN $2. 91 Fox Sports $1. 67 TNT $0. 89 USA $0. 47 CNN $0. 44 Nickelodeon $0. 41 TBS $0. 39 FX $0. 36 MTV $0. 29 ESPN 2 $0. 24 Source: Kagan Research, LLC, a division of Jupiter. Kagan, Inc. Telecom Product Consulting

Payment Models • Subscription – Classic model used by CATV, DTH • Advertising Supported – Over-the-air broadcasters • Á là Carte Channels – Pay only for the channels that you want • Pay-per View/Everything on Demand – File servers deliver (almost) all content Telecom Product Consulting

Content Rights Acquisition • Obtaining legal rights to distribute content that belongs to third parties – Most TV network content is owned by others • Often the biggest challenge for IPTV providers • Franchise territories Telecom Product Consulting

Content Aggregators • Negotiate deals with broadcast networks – Example: IP Prime for NRTC members • 350 channels, 40 programmers • Can also collect, distribute VOD content – Example: TVN Entertainment Corp. • 3000 hours of VOD content per month Telecom Product Consulting

Vo. D Pricing Models • Pay-per-View • Subscription VOD • Everything on Demand Telecom Product Consulting

The DVR Issue • Digital Video Recorders (a. k. a. Ti. Vo) – Hard disk inside STBs – Revenue source for providers – box rentals • Network DVR – Cablevision lawsuit Telecom Product Consulting

IPTV Delivery Architecture and Technology Presented to Internet 2 IPTV Summit October 8, 2007 Wes Simpson Telecom Product Consulting

IPTV Architecture Video Source Office Emergency Alert System Receiver Emergency Alert System EAS Manager Character Generator Interactive Program Guide Billing System Interface 10: 00 STB E-mail Internet Manager Interactive Program Guide Video Services Manager Network Management System VHS/DVD Player Ad Insertion System Demodulators Local Off-Air Antenna Head End Video Encoders Monitoring Switcher DSL Manager Video Aggregator Gig E Digital Turn Around Processors Receivers Video on Demand Server DSL Access Multiplexer DSL Modem Internet Feed Internet Access Router IP Video Services Data Switch/ Router Data Services Digital Head End Manager Gig E Content Processor Digital Head End System Satellite Dish IP Video Switch/ Router DSL Splitter STB DSL Modem IP Video Copper Loop Voice Video + Audio IP Data Telephony Services Local End Office Home Viewer Courtesy of Tut Systems Telecom Product Consulting

Middleware • • User Identification Screen Navigation Functions Text and Menu Generation Electronic Program Guide Primitives and Utilities Channel Changing Back Office Integration Interactivity Telecom Product Consulting

STB Functions • Network interface, to receive the IPTV signals and transmit user commands • Video and audio Outputs, which is connected to the viewer’s video display and speaker system • User interface, both on the front panel of the STB and by way of an on-screen display and remote control • The following features are often also provided in STBs – Conditional access hardware/software, to support secure viewing of valuable content – Hard disk drive, for recording video programs Telecom Product Consulting

Program Guide • On-screen display of content on each channel • Sources of Data – TV Guide and several others • Navigation support inside STB • Channel change commands sent to network • Issue: How to do channel preview? Telecom Product Consulting

IPTV Contribution Architecture and Technology Presented to Internet 2 IPTV Summit October 8, 2007 Wes Simpson Telecom Product Consulting

Contribution Networks • Gather content from many sources • Wide variety of architectures – Satellite – Leased Telco circuits – Terrestrial (including mezzanine IP compressed links) Telecom Product Consulting

Transport Applications Live Sports Contribution Remote News Collection Broadcast Affiliate Primary Distribution Broadcast Transmitter Program Originator/Broadcaster Master CATV Headend Metro Access (HFC) Residence Enterprise Increasing Compression Telecom Product Consulting

Digital Turnaround • Converting incoming digital signal into proper form for distribution network – Typically, all channels are identical format • Codec change • Rate Shifting • “Bug” insertion Telecom Product Consulting

Typical IPTV System Head End Primary Distribution Decompress + Recompress VOD Local High Speed IP Video Compress Broadcaster DSLAM Delivery Network DSL Decompress STB DSL Data Local CO or Hub Home Viewer Telecom Product Consulting

Rebalanced IPTV System • Replace satellite primary distribution with uncompressed IP return links Head End IP Adapt + Compress Primary Distribution VOD Local High Speed IP Video DSLAM Delivery Network DSL Decompress STB DSL Data Broadcaster IP Network Adapter Local CO or Hub Home Viewer Telecom Product Consulting

Thanks for your time and attention. Any questions? Wes Simpson Telecom Product Consulting wes. simpson@gmail. com +1 203 -799 -1622 Available at booth 8 G 4 -08 at Computer Books Centre or from www. focalpress. com or Amazon Telecom Product Consulting