IP Addressing Routing Down Downlink addressing Normal addressing

IP Addressing & Routing - Down • Downlink addressing – Normal addressing to any ground destination with normal ground routing – Packets addressed to another spacecraft would probably go to its home agent and either forwarded or discarded • Should packets ever be held for later forwarding ? ? ? • Is this only done for a few special type packets ? ? ? – Common addresses to common ground services (e. g. store & forward file server, time server, ) • • Non-routable (10. 0. 0. 1, 2, 3) addresses Multicast to one or more systems like redundant file servers Anycast addressing ? ? ? Need addresses for common services onboard spacecraft (file store&forward and time services provided by spacecraft) • Option to query (known or broadcast address) for range of services available

IP Addressing & Routing - Up • Uplink addressing – How does the ground network know where to send data for uplink to a spacecraft – Manual static tunnel (blind commanding) – Mobile IP • To a single address at spacecraft level • For each instrument on spacecraft (e. g. Express Pallet with multiple but completely separate experiments on it) – Mobile Routing to support onboard LAN – DHCP for spacecraft to pick up new address per ground station (NOT recommended)

IP Addressing & Routing - Onboard • Onboard addressing – Private address space with NAT to ground (IPSEC issues, but could terminate IPSEC at a router and NAT on other side) – Satellite LAN with mobile routing to ground – Addresses from ground subnet (e. g. control center) • Defined space address space (who administers it) – Divided up into groups, each with its home agent (billing and security issues) • What can IPv 6 do for us (S/C MAC address combined with other addresses • Intra-spacecraft routing – Direct between different spacecraft – Down to ground, and back up • Express pallet

Random IP Addressing Thoughts • Routing based on predicted orbit/ground station knowledge • Ground backbone relative to space nodes and routing table maintenance (OSPF, BGP, EGP, IS-IS, MOSPF, AODV, DSR, MANET) • How do multiple levels of security interact with routing knowledge • Are link establishment issues (e. g. MAC addresses, link negotiation, transmit/rcv status) separate ? ? ?

More Random Thoughts • Knowing addresses of other spacecraft (name/address mapping) – simple hosts file – DNS – DDNS • Very Secure agents to help sort out routing and network status (probably at application layer to allow for better authentication) • Mobile IP triangular routing issues • VLAN on board spacecraft and bridge traffic to it (bad) • Does ARP exist in any of these scenarios ? ? ? • Fault tolerance and automatic failover issues with respect to addressing and routing

Network Management • SNMP for monitoring and managing – Ground based – Onboard based – What about over the space link (SNMP probably not very efficient bitwise) • XML • Industrial solutions • Troubleshooting use (why am I not getting my data) – How do IP addresses allocation schemes help or hinder this – Who controls the routers (IONET, mission, spacecraft)

Initial Simple Scenario IP addressable interface Mass Store A B C Mass Store Cmd & Data Handling 1 2 1553 LAN x Router/ Bridge LAN End User HDLC Crypt Code Mod RF/ Optic Router Transmitter/ Receiver HDLC Transmitter/ Receiver Crypt Code Mod RF/ Optic Bit Store Ether Time Server Mass Store NTP S&Fwd Time Store Ethernet Hub/Switch Network Mass Store User

Advanced Operational Scenario IP addressable interface Mass Store A B C Mass Store Cmd & Data Handling 1 2 1553 LAN x Router/ Bridge LAN End User HDLC Crypt Code Mod RF/ Optic Router Transmitter/ Receiver HDLC Transmitter/ Receiver Crypt Code Mod Ether Mass Store NTP S&Fwd Time Store Ethernet Hub/Switch Bit Store RF/ Optic HDLC Time Server Ether Time Server Mass Store NTP S&Fwd Time Store Ethernet Hub/Switch Network Mass Store User

Future Complex Scenario Mass Store IP addressable interface Space Routier Node Mass Store A B C Mass Store Cmd & Data Handling 1 2 1553 LAN x Router/ Bridge LAN End User HDLC Crypt Code Mod RF/ Optic Router Transmitter/ Receiver HDLC One-to-many or Many-to-many Transmitter/ Receiver Crypt Code Mod Ether Mass Store NTP S&Fwd Time Store Ethernet Hub/Switch Bit Store RF/ Optic HDLC Time Server Ether Time Server Mass Store NTP S&Fwd Time Store Ethernet Hub/Switch Network Mass Store User