IOT Technologies and Design Weimin Peng JWC technologies

IOT Technologies and Design Weimin Peng JWC technologies, Inc. www. jwctech. com (972)207 -0917

IOT Market

Bluetooth Devices • • Blue tooth Based low energy devices (Personal devices) The devices are mobile Connected with the phone Examples: – key tracker (tile, nut, etc. ) – fitness band, – Bluetooth watch LTE-connection Bluetooth Cloud computing and storage keeps track of the account profile, location, security etc.

Smart Home Devices Connectivity • Wi. Fi/Cloud based devices • These devices are not mobile • Examples: – – Door bell(ring), LTE-Conection Nest Learning Thermostat Wifi smart power plug Wifi Garage door opener Internet Wifi

LPWAN(NB-IOT/Sigfox/Lora. Wan) • 3 competing Technologies: – LTE CAT M, LTE NB – Lora – Sigfox • Provides Low Power Wan Connectivity • Examples: – – – Luggage tracker (Using LTE-cat M 1, or LTE NB) Pet Tracker Utilities/Automated Meter Reading/Smart Grids Asset Tracking Elderly Tracker

Satellite Communication • Satellite communication Services (Global Satellite/GPS) – Players: Globalstar, Iridium, Satcom Direct, etc. – Asset tracking

LTE CAT M vs. NB-IOT LTE CAT M LTE - NB Coverage 20 Km 20 km Frequency LTE Band (12, 13, 14 low frequency band) Same Signal Bandwidth 1. 08 Mhz 180 to 200 KHz Targeted Batter Life 10 years 10 – 20 years Data Rate 1 Mbps (OTA support) 200 Kbps Region North America Asian/Europe Cost High Low Note: The major difference between LTE CAT M and LTE-NB is the data rate. The LTE CAT M has higher throughput, which make the OTA (Over The Air software update) possible. The cost is the bandwidth (translate into subscription cost) and battery life

Lo. Ra. WAN and Sigfox Lo. Ra. Wan Sigfox Coverage 15 -20 km 30 km Frequency 868 hz & 915 Mhz unlicensed Same Signal bandwith 125 Khz 0. 1 Khz Date Rate 10 Kbps 100 bps Target Battery life 10 -20 Years cost Relatively High Low Lo. Ra is a proprietary modulation system sold by Semtech corporation. They are defacto the only chipset manufacturer or license holder for Lo. Ra. Sigfox is a startup and provides end-end serivces (both end user chip set and backbone services).

Put it together

IOT Design Consideration 1. Technologies – Bluetooth, BLE, Zigbee, Wifi 2. 4/5 G, LPWan(NB -IOT, Lo. Ra, Sigfox), Satellite Connectivity (Globalstar, Iridium, Orb. Comm), GPS positioning, etc. 2. Cost Control and Time to Market 3. Chip Vendor Selection (A good/detailed evaluation will save you months or years of extra effort) – Make sure your chip vendor is widely supported. – Performance trade-offs: Processor/Memory/cost/power/realstate 4. Antenna – Performance vs. size, cost 5. FCC/IC/CE/PTCRB – should be controlled from the beginning of the design. 6. Testing, Manufacturing and Quality Control

Technology and Vendors • Bluetooth – Classic Bluetooth V 3. X, constant connection with medium throughput, mostly used for audio/headset. – Bluetooth low energy V 4. X, duty-cycled connection, low power/low data rate. Widely used for smart watch, waist band, etc. – Major Vendors: Qualcomm (CSR), TI, Mediatek, Dialog Semi, Nordic, Cypress, etc. – Module Vendors: Murata, etc. (Save the FCC test) • WIFI – TI, Marvell, Cypress, Intel, Gainspan, Media. Tek, Microchip, Qualcomm (NXP, Atheros, CSR), Radpine, STMicro, – Module Vendors: Murata, etc. • GPS – Ublox, STMicro, Media. Tek, Si. RF, Intel, Qualcomm

Technology and Vendors • LTE M 1/NB – Chip Vendor: Qualcomm, Intel, Huawei, etc. – Module Vendor: Sierra Wireless, Telit, Gemoalto, Ublox, Quectel, etc. • Lo. Ra. WAN & sigfox – Lo. Ra. WAN: Semtech European IP – Lo. Ra Alliance Lo. Ra. WAN spec. – Sigfox is a startup with a lower data rate, technologies, • Satellite: – Globalstar, Iridium, Satcom Direct, etc.

Antenna • Antenna is the key. • The IOT use different antennas at different frequency – – – WIFI: 2400 -2480 Mhz/5. 0 -6. 0 Ghz Bluetooth: 2400 -2480 Mhz GPS/GLONAS: 1575. 24± 5 Mhz/1602± 5 Mhz Lo. Ra. WAN/Sigfox: 900 Mhz ISM band LTE CAT M 1/NB: LTE band 2, 4, 13, … for Verizon, 2, 4, 12, … for AT&T etc. Which is corresponding 1600 Mhz – 2300 Mhz & 698 Mhz – 900 Mhz range. • Antenna has to be purchased/designed with tradeoffs in mind – Frequency, Bandwidth/efficiency and Size

Antenna Parameters 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Frequency and Bandwidth Return loss (SWR) Efficiency Directivity (Omni-directional) Polarity

JWC Technologies - Antenna Vendor www. jwctech. com • Best in-class (Performance/cost) • Free tuning services • Flextronics preferred vendor. • Product line – GPS/GLONAS: – WIFI/Bluetooth, – Lo. Ra. Wan/Sigfox/ERT Radio – GSM/LTE – VHF/UHF – Automotive Antennas

FCC/IC/CE Regulatory Testing FCC Part 15. Subpart B. Un-intentional Radiator. - Class A: Commercial Class B: Residential Need to take into consideration in the beginning of design FCC Part 15. Subpart C. Intentional Radiator. - In the unlicensed band 900 Mhz, 2. 4 G, etc. - With low power FCC Part 1, Subpart I (CRF 1. 1310) SAR limit (Specific Absorption Rate) if the device is <20 cm from human boday – max 1. 6 W/Kg averaged over 1 gram cube Modular Approval – use pre-approved module to start with (Murata offers pre-approved bluetooth, WIFI modules).

Network Certification for GSM/LTE • Network Certification is enforced by carrier such as AT&T, Verison, T-mobile. – PTCRB (PCS Type Certification Review Board ): AT&T, T-mobile – Verizon ODI (Open Developer Initiative) – Global Certification Forum (GCF): International – CTIA OTA: Reference Standard. • Network Certificatoin consists of OTA, RSE(Radio Spurious Emission) and SIM. The challenging part is the OTA: – TRP (total radiated power): validate the performance of the cellular transmitter and antenna integration. – TIS (Total Isotropic Sensitivity): validate the performance of the cellular receiver and antenna integration. LTE BAND 13 778. 58 782 785. 42 23230 12 RBstart=19 12 RBstart=38 22. 06 20. 10 22. 41 20. 51 22. 41 20. 58 18. 33 > 18 d. Bm 18. 77 Required by 18. 87 Verizon frequency channel UL RB Allocation TRP (d. Bm) NHPRP ±Pi/4 (d. Bm) NHPRP ±Pi/6 (d. Bm) Main Ant frequency channel DL RB Allocation 751 5230 50 RBstart=0 UL RB Allocation 15 RBstart=0 -94. 43 NHPIS ±Pi/4 (d. Bm) -92. 99 NHPIS ±Pi/6 (d. Bm) -91. 52 Required by Verizon TIS (d. Bm) < -91 d. Bm Diversity Ant frequency channel DL RB Allocation 751 5230 50 RBstart=0 UL RB Allocation 15 RBstart=0 -96. 53 TIS (d. Bm) NHPIS ±Pi/4 (d. Bm) NHPIS ±Pi/6 (d. Bm) < -88 d. Bm Required by Verizon