IONIZATION ENERGIES Ionization energies and group numbers Isonization
IONIZATION ENERGIES
Ionization energies and group numbers Isonization Energies, what is it? energy required to remove outer electrons from atoms and form positive ions M (g) + atom Positive Nuclear Charge 11 Na : +11 IE → M+ (g) + eelectron Ionisation Energy 2 e- 8 e- 1 e- n=3 n=2 n=1 Free Template from www. brainybetty. com 2
Ionization energies and group numbers Things to be considered: 1. Atomic radius r IE 2. Positive nuclear charge z IE 3. The number of electrons in the inner shell (shielding effects) e IE Free Template from www. brainybetty. com 3
Ionization energies and group numbers Decreases IE Increases IE Free Template from www. brainybetty. com 5
Ionization energies and group numbers 0 I II III Free Template from www. brainybetty. com IV V VI VII 6
Ionization energies and group numbers 0 I H 1310 II III Free Template from www. brainybetty. com IV V VI VII 7
Ionization energies and group numbers 0 I H 1310 II III Free Template from www. brainybetty. com IV V VI He VII 2370 8
Ionization energies and group numbers 0 I H 1310 II IV V VI He VII 2370 Li 519 Free Template from www. brainybetty. com 9
Ionization energies and group numbers 0 I H 1310 II IV V VI He VII 2370 Li 519 Na 494 Free Template from www. brainybetty. com 10
Ionization energies and group numbers 0 I H 1310 II Li 519 Be 900 III IV V VI He VII 2370 Na 494 Free Template from www. brainybetty. com 11
Ionization energies and group numbers 0 I H 1310 II III Li 519 Be 900 B 799 IV V VI He VII 2370 Na 494 Free Template from www. brainybetty. com 12
Ionization energies and group numbers 0 I H 1310 II Li 519 Be 900 III IV V VI He VII 2370 B C 799 1090 Na 494 Free Template from www. brainybetty. com 13
Ionization energies and group numbers 0 I H 1310 II Li 519 Be 900 III IV V VI He VII 2370 B C N 799 1090 1400 Na 494 Free Template from www. brainybetty. com 14
Ionization energies and group numbers 0 I H 1310 II Li 519 Be 900 III IV V VI He VII 2370 B C N O 799 1090 1400 1310 Na 494 Free Template from www. brainybetty. com 15
Ionization energies and group numbers 0 I H 1310 II Li 519 Be 900 III IV V VI He VII 2370 B C N O F 799 1090 1400 1310 1680 Na 494 Free Template from www. brainybetty. com 16
Ionization energies and group numbers 0 I H 1310 II Li 519 Be 900 III IV V VI He VII 2370 B C N O F Ne 799 1090 1400 1310 1680 2080 Na 494 Free Template from www. brainybetty. com 17
Ionization energies and group numbers 0 I H 1310 II Li 519 Be 900 B C N O F Ne 799 1090 1400 1310 1680 2080 Na 494 Mg 736 Al 577 III Free Template from www. brainybetty. com IV V VI He VII 2370 Si P S Cl Ar 786 1060 1000 1260 1520 18
Ionization energies and group numbers 0 I H 1310 II Li 519 Be 900 B C N O F Ne 799 1090 1400 1310 1680 2080 Na 494 Mg 736 Al 577 III IV V VI He VII 2370 Si P S Cl Ar 786 1060 1000 1260 1520 stable electronic configuration Free Template from www. brainybetty. com 19
Ionization energies and group numbers Successive Ionisation Energies IE 1: M (g) + IE → M+ (g) + e- IE 2: M+ (g) + IE → M 2+ (g) + e. IE 3: M 2+ (g) + IE → M 3+ (g) + e. IE 4: M 3+ (g) + IE → M 4+ (g) + e- Free Template from www. brainybetty. com 20
Ionization energies and group numbers Element IE 1 IE 2 IE 3 IE 4 IE 5 IE 6 Na 496 4560 Mg 738 1450 7730 Al 578 1820 2750 11600 Si 786 1580 3230 4360 16100 P 1012 1900 2910 4960 6270 22200 S 1000 2250 3360 4560 7010 8500 Free Template from www. brainybetty. com IE 7 Group 27100 21
Ionization energies and group numbers Element IE 1 IE 2 IE 3 IE 4 IE 5 IE 6 Na 496 4560 Mg 738 1450 7730 Al 578 1820 2750 11600 Si 786 1580 3230 4360 16100 P 1012 1900 2910 4960 6270 22200 S 1000 2250 3360 4560 7010 8500 Free Template from www. brainybetty. com IE 7 Group I 27100 22
Ionization energies and group numbers Element IE 1 IE 2 IE 3 IE 4 IE 5 IE 6 Na 496 4560 Mg 738 1450 7730 Al 578 1820 2750 11600 Si 786 1580 3230 4360 16100 P 1012 1900 2910 4960 6270 22200 S 1000 2250 3360 4560 7010 8500 Free Template from www. brainybetty. com IE 7 Group I II 27100 23
Ionization energies and group numbers Element IE 1 IE 2 IE 3 IE 4 IE 5 IE 6 Na 496 4560 Mg 738 1450 7730 Al 578 1820 2750 11600 Si 786 1580 3230 4360 16100 P 1012 1900 2910 4960 6270 22200 S 1000 2250 3360 4560 7010 8500 Free Template from www. brainybetty. com IE 7 Group I II III 27100 24
Ionization energies and group numbers Element IE 1 IE 2 IE 3 IE 4 IE 5 IE 6 Na 496 4560 Mg 738 1450 7730 Al 578 1820 2750 11600 Si 786 1580 3230 4360 16100 P 1012 1900 2910 4960 6270 22200 S 1000 2250 3360 4560 7010 8500 Free Template from www. brainybetty. com IE 7 Group I II IV 27100 25
Ionization energies and group numbers Element IE 1 IE 2 IE 3 IE 4 IE 5 IE 6 Na 496 4560 Mg 738 1450 7730 Al 578 1820 2750 11600 Si 786 1580 3230 4360 16100 P 1012 1900 2910 4960 6270 22200 S 1000 2250 3360 4560 7010 8500 Free Template from www. brainybetty. com IE 7 Group I II IV V 27100 26
Ionization energies and group numbers Element IE 1 IE 2 IE 3 IE 4 IE 5 IE 6 Na 496 4560 Mg 738 1450 7730 Al 578 1820 2750 11600 Si 786 1580 3230 4360 16100 P 1012 1900 2910 4960 6270 22200 S 1000 2250 3360 4560 7010 8500 Free Template from www. brainybetty. com IE 7 Group I inner electron shell II IV V 27100 VI 27
Ionization energies and group numbers In which group of periodic table would you place the element with the following successive ionisation energies? 1680, 3370, 6040, 8410, 11000, 15200, 17900, 92000, 106000 k. J mol-1 Answer: Group VII (the element is fluorine) Free Template from www. brainybetty. com 28
Ionization energies and group numbers The pattern of successive ionisation energies was used to: 1. Provide evidence for the general pattern of electron shells. 2. Predict the simple electronic configuration of an element. 3. Confirm the position of an element in the PTE Free Template from www. brainybetty. com 29
Ionization energies and group numbers Successive ionisation energies for potassium Potassium is in group 1 Notice the “jump” in energy needed to remove the 2 nd electron Free Template from www. brainybetty. com 30
Ionization energies and group numbers Successive ionisation energies for potassium level 1 level 2 level 3 level 4 The different “jumps” are evidence for the arrangement of electrons in energy levels and sub-levels Free Template from www. brainybetty. com 31
Ionization energies and group numbers Which group is this element in? Group 4 Notice the “jump” in energy needed to remove the 5 th electron Free Template from www. brainybetty. com 32
Ionization energies and group numbers Which group is this element in? Group 2 Notice the “jump” in energy needed to remove the 3 rd electron Free Template from www. brainybetty. com 33
Ionization energies and group numbers Which group is this element in? Group 3 Notice the “jump” in energy needed to remove the 4 th electron Free Template from www. brainybetty. com 34
Ionization energies and group numbers Which group is this element in? Group 5 Notice the “jump” in energy needed to remove the 6 th electron Free Template from www. brainybetty. com 35
Ionization energies and group numbers Which group is this element in? Group 1 Notice the “jump” in energy needed to remove the 2 nd electron Free Template from www. brainybetty. com 36
End of Presentation Free Template from www. brainybetty. com 37
- Slides: 37