Ionic Versus Covalent Compounds Ionic Metal NonMetal atoms

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Ionic Versus Covalent Compounds �Ionic Metal + Non-Metal atoms “Give & Take” electrons �Covalent

Ionic Versus Covalent Compounds �Ionic Metal + Non-Metal atoms “Give & Take” electrons �Covalent Non-Metal atoms ONLY! “Share” electrons �How to tell if a compound is ionic or covalent? Ask. . . Is there a metal? Yes = Ionic No = Covalent

Ionic Compounds �Ionic compounds are made up of positive and negative ions organized in

Ionic Compounds �Ionic compounds are made up of positive and negative ions organized in a pattern ▪ Negative-positive attract. ▪ Negative-negative and positive-positive repel. Ionic compounds form solid crystals Ionic compounds are like a solid stack of bricks. ▪ A salt shaker contains thousands of small pieces of Na. Cl. Na+ = positive ion Salt, Na. Cl Cl- = negative ion See pages 184 - 185

Covalent Molecules • Covalentmolecules share electrons. w There is generally no order to the

Covalent Molecules • Covalentmolecules share electrons. w There is generally no order to the formation of covalent molecules. w These molecules clump together as solids, liquids or gases. w Covalent molecules are like a play-pit full of plastic balls. Each plastic ball = 1 covalent molecule of H 2 O Water, H 2 O See pages 184 - 185

Naming an Ionic Compound � Ionic compounds are always composed of a metal and

Naming an Ionic Compound � Ionic compounds are always composed of a metal and a non-metal. Metal Non-Metal The name of an ionic compound = positive ion + negative ion-ide. Metal (2+) For example, an ionic compound forms between magnesium and oxygen. Non-Metal (2 -) 1. The positive ion is the first part of the name, magnesium. 2. The negative ion forms the root of the second part of the name, oxygen. 3. Add -ide to the end of the name to form magnesium oxide. Magnesium oxide is used as a drying agent. See pages 186 - 187 (c) Mc. Graw Hill Ryerson 2007

You try… �What is the name of Ca 3 N 2? 1. What is

You try… �What is the name of Ca 3 N 2? 1. What is the positive ion? Ca = calcium 2. What is the negative ion? N = nitrogen 3. Drop the end of the negative ion and add -ide. ▪ What is the name of Ca 3 N 2 ? ▪ Calcium nitride

Practice Problems

Practice Problems

Names of Covalent Compounds �Covalent compounds, also called molecules, rely on the chemical formula

Names of Covalent Compounds �Covalent compounds, also called molecules, rely on the chemical formula to reveal the components of the molecule. Covalent compounds are made up of two or more non-metals. Names may reveal the components, but often they do not… ▪ For example. . . The name of the compound C 2 H 6 O is ethanol ▪ Another example is C 12 O 22 H 11 which is Sucrose (table sugar) See page 193

Naming Binary Covalent Compounds �Binary covalent compounds (two non- metal atoms) use a system

Naming Binary Covalent Compounds �Binary covalent compounds (two non- metal atoms) use a system of prefixes. 1. Write the most metallic atom (farthest left) first 2. Add -ide to the end of the second atom’s name 3. Add a prefix before each atom’s name to indicate the number of atoms in the molecule. (Do not add a prefix to the first atom if there is only 1) For example: CO = carbon monoxide, CO 2 = w Whatcarbon is the name of the molecule Si 3 P 6? dioxide Trisilicon hexaphosphide See pages 194 - 195

You Try. . . � What is the name of P 4 S 10?

You Try. . . � What is the name of P 4 S 10? 1. What is the most metallic atom? P = Phosphorus 2. Add –ide to the end of the second atom’s name S = Sulphide 1. Add prefixes before each atom 4 Phosphorus = tetraphosphorus 10 Sulphur = decasulphide ▪ What is the name of P 4 S 10 ? ▪ Tetraphosphorus decasulphide

Practice Problems

Practice Problems