Ionic Covalent Metallic Bonding Unit 4 Octet Rule
![Ionic, Covalent, & Metallic Bonding Unit 4 Ionic, Covalent, & Metallic Bonding Unit 4](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/ef3ccc2bb864204dbea514b01fdafad8/image-1.jpg)
Ionic, Covalent, & Metallic Bonding Unit 4
![Octet Rule • Gilbert Lewis used the fact that noble gases are stable, therefore, Octet Rule • Gilbert Lewis used the fact that noble gases are stable, therefore,](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/ef3ccc2bb864204dbea514b01fdafad8/image-2.jpg)
Octet Rule • Gilbert Lewis used the fact that noble gases are stable, therefore, unreactive to explain why atoms form certain kinds of ions and molecules. • Lewis explained: in forming compounds, atoms tend to achieve the electron configuration of a noble gas. – Octet: a set of 8 – ns 2 np 6 – With Helium being an exception 1 s 2 {stable}
![Formation of Cations • Loss of valence electrons • Result: – Produces a positively Formation of Cations • Loss of valence electrons • Result: – Produces a positively](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/ef3ccc2bb864204dbea514b01fdafad8/image-3.jpg)
Formation of Cations • Loss of valence electrons • Result: – Produces a positively charged ion – Ion has a pseudo-noble gas configuration • Properties promoting formation of cations: – Large radii – Low ionization energy – Low electronegativity
![Formation of Cations Formation of Cations](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/ef3ccc2bb864204dbea514b01fdafad8/image-4.jpg)
Formation of Cations
![Formation of Cations Formation of Cations](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/ef3ccc2bb864204dbea514b01fdafad8/image-5.jpg)
Formation of Cations
![Formation of Cations • Practice: 1)Mg 2)Al 3)Sr 4)Be Formation of Cations • Practice: 1)Mg 2)Al 3)Sr 4)Be](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/ef3ccc2bb864204dbea514b01fdafad8/image-6.jpg)
Formation of Cations • Practice: 1)Mg 2)Al 3)Sr 4)Be
![Formation of Anions • Gain of valence electrons • Result: – Produces a negatively Formation of Anions • Gain of valence electrons • Result: – Produces a negatively](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/ef3ccc2bb864204dbea514b01fdafad8/image-7.jpg)
Formation of Anions • Gain of valence electrons • Result: – Produces a negatively charged ion – Ion has a pseudo-noble gas configuration • Properties promoting formation of anions: – Small radii – High ionization energy – High electronegativity
![Formation of Anions Formation of Anions](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/ef3ccc2bb864204dbea514b01fdafad8/image-8.jpg)
Formation of Anions
![Formation of Anions Formation of Anions](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/ef3ccc2bb864204dbea514b01fdafad8/image-9.jpg)
Formation of Anions
![Formation of Anions • Practice: 1) N 2) O 3) S 4) F Formation of Anions • Practice: 1) N 2) O 3) S 4) F](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/ef3ccc2bb864204dbea514b01fdafad8/image-10.jpg)
Formation of Anions • Practice: 1) N 2) O 3) S 4) F
![Common Anions Common Anions](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/ef3ccc2bb864204dbea514b01fdafad8/image-11.jpg)
Common Anions
![Periodic Cheat Periodic Cheat](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/ef3ccc2bb864204dbea514b01fdafad8/image-12.jpg)
Periodic Cheat
![Nomenclature • Cation – Element Name + Cation ØExample: potassium (K) potassium cation (K Nomenclature • Cation – Element Name + Cation ØExample: potassium (K) potassium cation (K](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/ef3ccc2bb864204dbea514b01fdafad8/image-13.jpg)
Nomenclature • Cation – Element Name + Cation ØExample: potassium (K) potassium cation (K 1+) • Anion – Element Name – Drop ending and add “-ide” ØExample: chlorine (Cl) chloride (Cl 1 -)
![Monatomic Ions Worksheet 1 • See Handout Monatomic Ions Worksheet 1 • See Handout](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/ef3ccc2bb864204dbea514b01fdafad8/image-14.jpg)
Monatomic Ions Worksheet 1 • See Handout
![Formation of Ionic Bonds • Ionic compound: Compound made up of cations(metals) and anions(nonmetals) Formation of Ionic Bonds • Ionic compound: Compound made up of cations(metals) and anions(nonmetals)](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/ef3ccc2bb864204dbea514b01fdafad8/image-15.jpg)
Formation of Ionic Bonds • Ionic compound: Compound made up of cations(metals) and anions(nonmetals) – Electrically NEUTRAL compounds – Exist as a collection of positively and negatively charged ions arranged in repeating patterns. • Ionic bond: electrostatic forces that hold ions together in an ionic compound. – Cations and anions are oppositely charged/ attracted to one another
![Formation of Ionic Compunds Formation of Ionic Compunds](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/ef3ccc2bb864204dbea514b01fdafad8/image-16.jpg)
Formation of Ionic Compunds
![Formation of Ionic Compounds • Chemical Formula: shows the kinds and numbers of atoms Formation of Ionic Compounds • Chemical Formula: shows the kinds and numbers of atoms](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/ef3ccc2bb864204dbea514b01fdafad8/image-17.jpg)
Formation of Ionic Compounds • Chemical Formula: shows the kinds and numbers of atoms in the smallest representative unit of a substance. – Na. Cl ~ 1: 1 ratio of sodium to chlorine atoms • Formula Units: the lowest whole number ratio of ions in an ionic compound.
![Formation of Ionic Compounds Formation of Ionic Compounds](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/ef3ccc2bb864204dbea514b01fdafad8/image-18.jpg)
Formation of Ionic Compounds
![Ionic Compounds - Formation • • K + Cl Na + F Mg + Ionic Compounds - Formation • • K + Cl Na + F Mg +](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/ef3ccc2bb864204dbea514b01fdafad8/image-19.jpg)
Ionic Compounds - Formation • • K + Cl Na + F Mg + O Al + F Cs + P Mg + N Fr + S
![Ionic Compound Practice • K + Cl 1+ 1 • K + Cl • Ionic Compound Practice • K + Cl 1+ 1 • K + Cl •](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/ef3ccc2bb864204dbea514b01fdafad8/image-20.jpg)
Ionic Compound Practice • K + Cl 1+ 1 • K + Cl • KCl • Potassium chloride
![Ionic Compound Practice • Na + F 1+ 1 • Na + F • Ionic Compound Practice • Na + F 1+ 1 • Na + F •](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/ef3ccc2bb864204dbea514b01fdafad8/image-21.jpg)
Ionic Compound Practice • Na + F 1+ 1 • Na + F • Na. F • Sodium Fluoride
![Ionic Compound Practice • Mg + O 2+ 2 • Mg + O • Ionic Compound Practice • Mg + O 2+ 2 • Mg + O •](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/ef3ccc2bb864204dbea514b01fdafad8/image-22.jpg)
Ionic Compound Practice • Mg + O 2+ 2 • Mg + O • Mg. O • Magnesium oxide
![Ionic Compound Practice • Al+ F 3+ 1 • Al + F • Al. Ionic Compound Practice • Al+ F 3+ 1 • Al + F • Al.](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/ef3ccc2bb864204dbea514b01fdafad8/image-23.jpg)
Ionic Compound Practice • Al+ F 3+ 1 • Al + F • Al. F 3 • Aluminum fluoride
![Ionic Compound Practice • Cs+ P 1+ 3 • Cs + P • Cs Ionic Compound Practice • Cs+ P 1+ 3 • Cs + P • Cs](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/ef3ccc2bb864204dbea514b01fdafad8/image-24.jpg)
Ionic Compound Practice • Cs+ P 1+ 3 • Cs + P • Cs 3 P • Cesium phosphide
![Ionic Compound Practice • Mg+ N 2+ 3 • Mg + N • Mg Ionic Compound Practice • Mg+ N 2+ 3 • Mg + N • Mg](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/ef3ccc2bb864204dbea514b01fdafad8/image-25.jpg)
Ionic Compound Practice • Mg+ N 2+ 3 • Mg + N • Mg 3 N 2 • Magnesium nitride
![Ionic Compound Practice • Fr+ S 1+ 2 • Fr + S • Fr Ionic Compound Practice • Fr+ S 1+ 2 • Fr + S • Fr](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/ef3ccc2bb864204dbea514b01fdafad8/image-26.jpg)
Ionic Compound Practice • Fr+ S 1+ 2 • Fr + S • Fr 2 S • Francium sulfide
![Ionic Assessment • Which pairs of elements are likely to form ionic compounds? – Ionic Assessment • Which pairs of elements are likely to form ionic compounds? –](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/ef3ccc2bb864204dbea514b01fdafad8/image-27.jpg)
Ionic Assessment • Which pairs of elements are likely to form ionic compounds? – Cl, Br – K, He – Li, Cl – I, Na – Al, Br – Cs, K
![Ionic Assessment • Write the formula for the following compounds: – Barium chloride – Ionic Assessment • Write the formula for the following compounds: – Barium chloride –](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/ef3ccc2bb864204dbea514b01fdafad8/image-28.jpg)
Ionic Assessment • Write the formula for the following compounds: – Barium chloride – Lithium oxide – Calcium fluoride – Magnesium sulfide
![Properties of Ionic Compounds Properties of Ionic Compounds](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/ef3ccc2bb864204dbea514b01fdafad8/image-29.jpg)
Properties of Ionic Compounds
![Simple Binary Ionic Compounds Worksheet 2 • See Handout Simple Binary Ionic Compounds Worksheet 2 • See Handout](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/ef3ccc2bb864204dbea514b01fdafad8/image-30.jpg)
Simple Binary Ionic Compounds Worksheet 2 • See Handout
![3 Atomic Bond Types • Ionic bond • Molecular bond • Metallic bond 3 Atomic Bond Types • Ionic bond • Molecular bond • Metallic bond](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/ef3ccc2bb864204dbea514b01fdafad8/image-31.jpg)
3 Atomic Bond Types • Ionic bond • Molecular bond • Metallic bond
![Molecular Compounds • Covalent bond: atoms held together by sharing electrons – Made of Molecular Compounds • Covalent bond: atoms held together by sharing electrons – Made of](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/ef3ccc2bb864204dbea514b01fdafad8/image-32.jpg)
Molecular Compounds • Covalent bond: atoms held together by sharing electrons – Made of Molecules (nonmetal + nonmetal) – Diatomic molecule: H, N, O, Halogens – Low melting points/ boiling points – Polar, Nonpolar • Nonpolar: Do NOT conduct electricity – Gas and Liquid at room temp
![Metallic Bonding • Metals are made up of closely packed cations • Metallic Bond: Metallic Bonding • Metals are made up of closely packed cations • Metallic Bond:](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/ef3ccc2bb864204dbea514b01fdafad8/image-33.jpg)
Metallic Bonding • Metals are made up of closely packed cations • Metallic Bond: Attraction of the free-floating valence electrons for the positively charged metal ions – Forces of attractions that hold metals together. • Valence electrons of metal atoms can be modeled as a sea of electrons
![Metallic Bonding • Sea of electrons – Good conductors – Ductile – Malleable • Metallic Bonding • Sea of electrons – Good conductors – Ductile – Malleable •](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/ef3ccc2bb864204dbea514b01fdafad8/image-34.jpg)
Metallic Bonding • Sea of electrons – Good conductors – Ductile – Malleable • Metal atoms are arranged in very compact and orderly patterns
![Alloys of Metals • Mixtures composed of two or more metals • Properties are Alloys of Metals • Mixtures composed of two or more metals • Properties are](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/ef3ccc2bb864204dbea514b01fdafad8/image-35.jpg)
Alloys of Metals • Mixtures composed of two or more metals • Properties are superior to those of their component elements
![Alloys of Metals • Most important alloys are steel. – Iron and Carbon = Alloys of Metals • Most important alloys are steel. – Iron and Carbon =](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/ef3ccc2bb864204dbea514b01fdafad8/image-36.jpg)
Alloys of Metals • Most important alloys are steel. – Iron and Carbon = main components – Corrosion resistance – Ductility – Hardness – Toughness
![Ionic Compounds Summary • Ionic bonds: electrostatic forces holding formula units together – Made Ionic Compounds Summary • Ionic bonds: electrostatic forces holding formula units together – Made](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/ef3ccc2bb864204dbea514b01fdafad8/image-37.jpg)
Ionic Compounds Summary • Ionic bonds: electrostatic forces holding formula units together – Made of Formula Units (cation[metal] + anion[nm]) – Crystalline solids – High melting points – Neutral – Very stable – Dissolved in water will conduct electricity
![Key Terms • Formula Units: lowest whole number ratio of ions in an ionic Key Terms • Formula Units: lowest whole number ratio of ions in an ionic](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/ef3ccc2bb864204dbea514b01fdafad8/image-38.jpg)
Key Terms • Formula Units: lowest whole number ratio of ions in an ionic compound • Molecules: Neutral group of atoms joined by covalent bonds • Diatomic molecule: molecule consisting of 2 atoms • Molecular compounds: compounds composed of molecules (2 or more different nonmetals) • Molecular formula: show # atoms in each molecule. • Polar Covalent: electrons are shared unequally (slight charges) • Non. Polar Covalent: atoms in bond pull equally (no charge)
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