Ionic Bonding Electron Configurations a Review and More
![Ionic Bonding Ionic Bonding](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-1.jpg)
Ionic Bonding
![Electron Configurations – a Review and More… Electron Configurations – a Review and More…](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-2.jpg)
Electron Configurations – a Review and More…
![Keeping Track of Electrons • The electrons responsible for the chemical properties of atoms Keeping Track of Electrons • The electrons responsible for the chemical properties of atoms](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-3.jpg)
Keeping Track of Electrons • The electrons responsible for the chemical properties of atoms are those in the outer energy level. • Valence electrons - The s and p electrons in the outer energy level. • Core electrons -those in the energy levels below. • Basis for shorthand
![Electron Configurations e- configuration notation: • Write complete e- configuration notation for elements 2, Electron Configurations e- configuration notation: • Write complete e- configuration notation for elements 2,](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-4.jpg)
Electron Configurations e- configuration notation: • Write complete e- configuration notation for elements 2, 6, & 16 • He: 1 s 2 • C: 1 s 2 2 p 2 2 2 6 2 4 • S: 1 s 2 s 2 p 3 s 3 p
![Electron Configurations e- configuration notation (noble gas shortcut): • Reminder – this version uses Electron Configurations e- configuration notation (noble gas shortcut): • Reminder – this version uses](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-5.jpg)
Electron Configurations e- configuration notation (noble gas shortcut): • Reminder – this version uses a noble gas (group 18) “core” instead of beginning at 1 s
![Electron Configurations e- configuration notation (noble gas shortcut): • Write noble gas shortcut for Electron Configurations e- configuration notation (noble gas shortcut): • Write noble gas shortcut for](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-6.jpg)
Electron Configurations e- configuration notation (noble gas shortcut): • Write noble gas shortcut for elements 12, 21, & 35. • Mg: [Ne] 3 s 2 2 1 • Sc: [Ar] 4 s 3 d • Br: [Ar] 4 s 2 4 p 5
![Lewis dot diagrams lewis dot notation: • simplest notation, only shows valence e- (e- Lewis dot diagrams lewis dot notation: • simplest notation, only shows valence e- (e-](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-7.jpg)
Lewis dot diagrams lewis dot notation: • simplest notation, only shows valence e- (e- that may be lost, gained, or shared when chemical compounds are formed - they are from s & p blocks)
![Lewis Dot Lewis dot notation: • Draw dot diagrams for elements 1 -10 Lewis Dot Lewis dot notation: • Draw dot diagrams for elements 1 -10](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-8.jpg)
Lewis Dot Lewis dot notation: • Draw dot diagrams for elements 1 -10
![Ion Formation… Ion Formation…](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-9.jpg)
Ion Formation…
![Ion Formation… Valence electrons: • outer shell electrons that may be lost, gained, or Ion Formation… Valence electrons: • outer shell electrons that may be lost, gained, or](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-10.jpg)
Ion Formation… Valence electrons: • outer shell electrons that may be lost, gained, or shared when chemical compounds are formed
![Ion Formation… Octet rule: • • atoms are most stable when they have a Ion Formation… Octet rule: • • atoms are most stable when they have a](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-11.jpg)
Ion Formation… Octet rule: • • atoms are most stable when they have a filled outer shell of valence e- (usually 8 e-) noble gases have this configuration without any help – other atoms lose, gain, or share e- to fill their outer shell
![Ion Formation… Ions: • Atoms that have either gained or lost e-. –Gain of Ion Formation… Ions: • Atoms that have either gained or lost e-. –Gain of](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-12.jpg)
Ion Formation… Ions: • Atoms that have either gained or lost e-. –Gain of e- gives a negative ion called an anion. –Loss of e gives a positive ion called a cation.
![Ion Formation… Ion examples: • The magnesium ion is Mg 2+. How many p+ Ion Formation… Ion examples: • The magnesium ion is Mg 2+. How many p+](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-13.jpg)
Ion Formation… Ion examples: • The magnesium ion is Mg 2+. How many p+ and e- does it have? 12 + p, 10 e
![Ion Formation… Ion examples: • The oxide ion is O 2 -. How many Ion Formation… Ion examples: • The oxide ion is O 2 -. How many](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-14.jpg)
Ion Formation… Ion examples: • The oxide ion is O 2 -. How many p+ and e- does it have? 8 + p, 10 e
![Ion Formation… Ion examples: • An ion has 7 p+ and 10 e-. What Ion Formation… Ion examples: • An ion has 7 p+ and 10 e-. What](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-15.jpg)
Ion Formation… Ion examples: • An ion has 7 p+ and 10 e-. What ion is it? 3 N
![Ion Formation… Ion examples: • An ion has 4 p+ and 2 e-. What Ion Formation… Ion examples: • An ion has 4 p+ and 2 e-. What](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-16.jpg)
Ion Formation… Ion examples: • An ion has 4 p+ and 2 e-. What ion is it? 2+ Be
![Keeping Track of Electrons • • • Atoms in the same column Have the Keeping Track of Electrons • • • Atoms in the same column Have the](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-17.jpg)
Keeping Track of Electrons • • • Atoms in the same column Have the same properties because Have the same outer electron configuration. Have the same valence electrons. Group 2 - Be, Mg, Ca, etc. 2 valence electrons
![Electron Dot diagrams • A way of keeping track of valence electrons. • How Electron Dot diagrams • A way of keeping track of valence electrons. • How](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-18.jpg)
Electron Dot diagrams • A way of keeping track of valence electrons. • How to write them • Write the symbol. • Put one dot for each valence electron • Don’t pair up until they have to X
![The Electron Dot diagram for Nitrogen § Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons. § First The Electron Dot diagram for Nitrogen § Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons. § First](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-19.jpg)
The Electron Dot diagram for Nitrogen § Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons. § First we write the symbol. §Then add 1 electron at a time to each side. §Until they are forced to pair up. N
![Write the electron dot diagram for Na Mg C O F Ne He Write the electron dot diagram for Na Mg C O F Ne He](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-20.jpg)
Write the electron dot diagram for Na Mg C O F Ne He
![Electron Configurations for Cations • Metals lose electrons to attain noble gas configuration. • Electron Configurations for Cations • Metals lose electrons to attain noble gas configuration. •](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-21.jpg)
Electron Configurations for Cations • Metals lose electrons to attain noble gas configuration. • They make positive ions. • Na 1 s 22 p 63 s 1 - 1 valence electron • Na+ 1 s 22 p 6 -noble gas configuration
![Electron Dots For Cations • Metals will have few valence electrons Ca Electron Dots For Cations • Metals will have few valence electrons Ca](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-22.jpg)
Electron Dots For Cations • Metals will have few valence electrons Ca
![Electron Dots For Cations • Metals will have few valence electrons • These will Electron Dots For Cations • Metals will have few valence electrons • These will](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-23.jpg)
Electron Dots For Cations • Metals will have few valence electrons • These will come off Ca
![Electron Dots For Cations • Metals will have few valence electrons • These will Electron Dots For Cations • Metals will have few valence electrons • These will](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-24.jpg)
Electron Dots For Cations • Metals will have few valence electrons • These will come off • Forming positive ions 2+ Ca
![Electron Configurations for Anions • Nonmetals gain electrons to attain noble gas configuration. • Electron Configurations for Anions • Nonmetals gain electrons to attain noble gas configuration. •](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-25.jpg)
Electron Configurations for Anions • Nonmetals gain electrons to attain noble gas configuration. • They make negative ions. • S 1 s 22 p 63 s 23 p 4 - 6 valence electrons • S 2 - 1 s 22 p 63 s 23 p 6 -noble gas configuration.
![Electron Dots For Anions • Nonmetals will have many valence. electrons. • They will Electron Dots For Anions • Nonmetals will have many valence. electrons. • They will](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-26.jpg)
Electron Dots For Anions • Nonmetals will have many valence. electrons. • They will gain electrons to fill outer shell. P 3 P
![Practice • Use electron dot diagrams to show the following form ions • Al Practice • Use electron dot diagrams to show the following form ions • Al](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-27.jpg)
Practice • Use electron dot diagrams to show the following form ions • Al • C
![Stable Electron Configurations • All atoms react to achieve noble gas configuration. • Noble Stable Electron Configurations • All atoms react to achieve noble gas configuration. • Noble](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-28.jpg)
Stable Electron Configurations • All atoms react to achieve noble gas configuration. • Noble gases have 2 s and 6 p electrons. • 8 valence electrons. • Also called the octet rule. Ar
![Transition metals • • • Form cations Hard to predict the charge Often will Transition metals • • • Form cations Hard to predict the charge Often will](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-29.jpg)
Transition metals • • • Form cations Hard to predict the charge Often will form more than 1 charge Can’t form noble gas configuration Still try to fill up orbitals Some can make pseudo noble gas configurations with full orbitals
![Polyatomic ions • Groups of atoms that stick together as a unit, and have Polyatomic ions • Groups of atoms that stick together as a unit, and have](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-30.jpg)
Polyatomic ions • Groups of atoms that stick together as a unit, and have a charge • (PO 4)3 - phosphate • (CO 3)2 - carbonate • (NH 4)+ Ammonium • (NO 3) 1 - Nitrate • (NO 2) 1 - Nitrite • Names often end in –ate or –ite
![Ionic Bonding • Anions and cations are held together by opposite charges. • This Ionic Bonding • Anions and cations are held together by opposite charges. • This](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-31.jpg)
Ionic Bonding • Anions and cations are held together by opposite charges. • This is the bond • Ionic compounds are called salts. • Simplest ratio is called the formula unit. • The bond is formed through the transfer of electrons. • Electrons are transferred to achieve noble gas configuration.
![Ionic Bonding 1+ 1 - Na Cl Ionic Bonding 1+ 1 - Na Cl](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-32.jpg)
Ionic Bonding 1+ 1 - Na Cl
![Ionic Bonding • All the electrons must be accounted for! Ca P Ionic Bonding • All the electrons must be accounted for! Ca P](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-33.jpg)
Ionic Bonding • All the electrons must be accounted for! Ca P
![Ionic Bonding Ca P Ionic Bonding Ca P](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-34.jpg)
Ionic Bonding Ca P
![Ionic Bonding 2+ Ca P Ionic Bonding 2+ Ca P](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-35.jpg)
Ionic Bonding 2+ Ca P
![Ionic Bonding +2 Ca Ca P Ionic Bonding +2 Ca Ca P](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-36.jpg)
Ionic Bonding +2 Ca Ca P
![Ionic Bonding 2+ Ca Ca P 3 - Ionic Bonding 2+ Ca Ca P 3 -](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-37.jpg)
Ionic Bonding 2+ Ca Ca P 3 -
![Ionic Bonding 2+ Ca P 3 - Ionic Bonding 2+ Ca P 3 -](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-38.jpg)
Ionic Bonding 2+ Ca P 3 -
![Ionic Bonding 2+ Ca P 3 - Ionic Bonding 2+ Ca P 3 -](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-39.jpg)
Ionic Bonding 2+ Ca P 3 -
![Ionic Bonding Ca 2+ Ca P 3 - Ionic Bonding Ca 2+ Ca P 3 -](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-40.jpg)
Ionic Bonding Ca 2+ Ca P 3 -
![Ionic Bonding Ca 2+ Ca P 3 - Ionic Bonding Ca 2+ Ca P 3 -](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-41.jpg)
Ionic Bonding Ca 2+ Ca P 3 -
![Ionic Bonding 2+ Ca P P 3 - 3 - Ionic Bonding 2+ Ca P P 3 - 3 -](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-42.jpg)
Ionic Bonding 2+ Ca P P 3 - 3 -
![Ionic Bonding Ca 3 P 2 Formula Unit Ionic Bonding Ca 3 P 2 Formula Unit](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-43.jpg)
Ionic Bonding Ca 3 P 2 Formula Unit
![Practice • Use electron dot diagrams to show the following elements make an ionic Practice • Use electron dot diagrams to show the following elements make an ionic](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-44.jpg)
Practice • Use electron dot diagrams to show the following elements make an ionic compound and write the formula unit • Mg and Cl
![Practice • Na and N Practice • Na and N](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-45.jpg)
Practice • Na and N
![Practice • Al and O Practice • Al and O](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-46.jpg)
Practice • Al and O
![Writing formulas • The charges must add to 0 • Add the correct subscript Writing formulas • The charges must add to 0 • Add the correct subscript](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-47.jpg)
Writing formulas • The charges must add to 0 • Add the correct subscript to make them equal zero • Na 1+ O 2 • Sr 2+ Cl 1 • Fe 3+ O 2 • Potassium bromide • Beryllium fluoride
![Polyatomic ionic compounds (NH 4) + and N 3 – It will take three Polyatomic ionic compounds (NH 4) + and N 3 – It will take three](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-48.jpg)
Polyatomic ionic compounds (NH 4) + and N 3 – It will take three (NH 4) + to bond with One N 3 – You must have a neutral compound in ALL cases! So we write (NH 4)3 N This says 3 ammonium ions bonded to one Nitride ion
![Ionic Compounds • Made up of – a positive and negative ion – a Ionic Compounds • Made up of – a positive and negative ion – a](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-49.jpg)
Ionic Compounds • Made up of – a positive and negative ion – a cation and an anion – a metal and a nonmetal • Smallest repeating unit- formula unit
![Properties of Ionic Compounds • Crystalline structure. • A regular repeating arrangement of ions Properties of Ionic Compounds • Crystalline structure. • A regular repeating arrangement of ions](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-50.jpg)
Properties of Ionic Compounds • Crystalline structure. • A regular repeating arrangement of ions in the solid. • Ions are strongly bonded. • Structure is rigid. • High melting points- because of strong forces between ions.
![Crystalline structure 3 dimension Crystalline structure 3 dimension](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-51.jpg)
Crystalline structure 3 dimension
![Ionic solids are brittle + + - + + Ionic solids are brittle + + - + +](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-52.jpg)
Ionic solids are brittle + + - + +
![Ionic solids are brittle • Strong Repulsion breaks crystal apart. + + - + Ionic solids are brittle • Strong Repulsion breaks crystal apart. + + - +](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-53.jpg)
Ionic solids are brittle • Strong Repulsion breaks crystal apart. + + - + - + - +
![Crystal Structures • The repeating unit is called the unit cell Crystal Structures • The repeating unit is called the unit cell](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-54.jpg)
Crystal Structures • The repeating unit is called the unit cell
![Do they Conduct? • Conducting electricity is allowing charges to move. • In a Do they Conduct? • Conducting electricity is allowing charges to move. • In a](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/079bfbc0497ad1c6dd0561ba22f5f830/image-55.jpg)
Do they Conduct? • Conducting electricity is allowing charges to move. • In a solid, the ions are locked in place. • Ionic solids are insulators. • When melted, the ions can move around. • Melted ionic compounds conduct. • First get them to 800ºC. • Dissolved in water they conduct.
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