Investments Chapter 17 1 Investments in Equity Securities

Investments Chapter 17 -1

Investments in Equity Securities Investments in Debt Securities Holdings of less than 20% Held-to-maturity securities Available-for-sale securities Trading securities Held-to-maturity securities Passive Investments Available-for-sale securities Trading securities Holdings between 20% and 50% Holdings of more than 50% Chapter 17 -2

Investments in Debt Securities Accounting for Debt Securities by Category Chapter 17 -3

Held-to-Maturity Securities Classify a debt security as held-to-maturity only if it has both (1) the positive intent and (2) the ability to hold securities to maturity. Accounted for at amortized cost, not fair value. Amortize premium or discount using the effectiveinterest method unless the straight-line method— yields a similar result. Chapter 17 -4

Available-for-Sale Securities Companies report available-for-sale securities at Ø fair value, with Ø unrealized holding gains and losses reported as part of comprehensive income (equity). Any discount or premium is amortized. Chapter 17 -5

Available-for-Sale Securities Sale of Available-for-Sale Securities If company sells bonds before maturity date: Must make entry to remove the, Ø Cost in Available-for-Sale Securities and Ø Securities Fair Value Adjustment accounts. Any realized gain or loss on sale is reported in the “Other expenses and losses” section of the income statement. Chapter 17 -6 LO 2 Understand the procedures for discount and premium amortization on bond investments.

Trading Securities Companies report trading securities at Ø fair value, with Ø unrealized holding gains and losses reported as part of net income. Any discount or premium is amortized. Chapter 17 -7 LO 2 Understand the procedures for discount and premium amortization on bond investments.

Trading Securities Pete Sampras Corporation purchased trading investment bonds for $40, 000 at par. At December 31, Sampras received annual interest of $2, 000, and the fair value of the bonds was $38, 400. Instructions (a) Prepare the journal entry for the purchase of the investment. (b) Prepare the journal entries for the interest received. (c) Prepare the journal entry for the fair value adjustment. Chapter 17 -8 LO 2 Understand the procedures for discount and premium amortization on bond investments.

Trading Securities BE 17 -4 Prepare the journal entries for (a) the purchase of the investment, (b) the interest received, and (c) the fair value adjustment. (a) Trading securities 40, 000 Cash (b) Cash 40, 000 2, 000 Interest revenue (c) Unrealized Holding Loss - Income Trading Securities Chapter 17 -9 2, 000 1, 600

Investments in Equity Securities Represent ownership of capital stock. Cost includes: Ø price of the security, plus Ø broker’s commissions and fees related to purchase. The degree to which one corporation (investor) acquires an interest in the common stock of another corporation (investee) generally determines the accounting treatment for the investment subsequent to acquisition. Chapter 17 -10

Investments in Equity Securities Ownership Percentages 0 -------20% ------ 50% ------- 100% Chapter 17 -11 No significant influence usually exists Significant influence usually exists Investment valued using Fair Value Method Investment valued using Equity Method Control usually exists Investment valued on parent’s books using Cost Method or Equity Method (investment eliminated in Consolidation)

Holdings of Less Than 20% Accounting Subsequent to Acquisition Market Price Available Market Price Unavailable Value and report the investment using the fair value method. Value and report the investment using the cost method. * * Securities are reported at cost. Dividends are recognized when received and gains or losses only recognized on sale of securities. Chapter 17 -12

Holdings of Less Than 20% Accounting and Reporting – Fair Value Method Because equity securities have no maturity date, companies cannot classify them as held-to-maturity. Chapter 17 -13

Holdings of Less Than 20% Loxley Company has the following portfolio of securities at September 30, 2007, its last reporting date. On Oct. 10, 2007, the Fogelberg shares were sold at a price of $54 per share. In addition, 3, 000 shares of Los Tigres common stock were acquired at $59. 50 per share on Nov. 2, 2007. The Dec. 31, 2007, fair values were: Petra $96, 000, Los Tigres $132, 000, and the Weisberg common $193, 000. Chapter 17 -14

Holdings of Less Than 20% Portfolio at September 30, 2007 Securities Fair Value Adjustment - credit Unrealized holding loss - income Trading Securities Chapter 17 -15 ($19, 000) 19, 000

Holdings of Less Than 20% Prepare the journal entries to record the sale, purchase, and adjusting entries related to the trading securities in the last quarter of 2007. October 10, 2007 (Fogelberg): Cash (5, 000 x $54) 270, 000 Trading securities 200, 000 Gain on sale 70, 000 November 2, 2007 (Los Tigres): Trading securities (3, 000 x $59. 50) Cash Chapter 17 -16 178, 500

Holdings of Less Than 20% Portfolio at December 31, 2007: Unrealized holding loss - income Trading Securities Chapter 17 -17 76, 500

Holdings of Less Than 20% How would the entries change if the securities were classified as available-for-sale? The entries would be the same except that the Unrealized Holding Gain or Loss—Equity account is used instead of Unrealized Holding Gain or Loss— Income. The unrealized holding loss would be deducted from the stockholders’ equity section rather than charged to the income statement. Chapter 17 -18

Holdings of Less Than 20% Loxley Company has the following portfolio of securities at September 30, 2007, its last reporting date. On Oct. 10, 2007, the Fogelberg shares were sold at a price of $54 per share. In addition, 3, 000 shares of Los Tigres common stock were acquired at $59. 50 per share on Nov. 2, 2007. The Dec. 31, 2007, fair values were: Petra $96, 000, Los Tigres $132, 000, and the Weisberg common $193, 000. Chapter 17 -19

Holdings of Less Than 20% Portfolio at September 30, 2007 Securities Fair Value Adjustment - credit Unrealized holding loss - equity Available for sale Securities Chapter 17 -20 ($19, 000) 19, 000

Holdings of Less Than 20% Prepare the journal entries to record the sale, purchase, and adjusting entries related to the trading securities in the last quarter of 2007. October 10, 2007 (Fogelberg): Cash (5, 000 x $54) 270, 000 Avail. For sale securities 200, 000 Gain on sale 45, 000 Unrealized holding loss – equity 25, 000 November 2, 2007 (Los Tigres): Avail. For sale securities(3, 000 x $59. 50)178, 500 Cash Chapter 17 -21 178, 500

Holdings of Less Than 20% Portfolio at December 31, 2007: Unrealized holding loss - income Avail. For sale securities Chapter 17 -22 76, 500

Financial Statement Presentation Report trading securities at aggregate fair value as current assets. Report held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities as current or noncurrent. Chapter 17 -23

Holdings Between 20% and 50% An investment (direct or indirect) of 20 percent or more of the voting stock of an investee should lead to a presumption that in the absence of evidence to the contrary, an investor has the ability to exercise significant influence over an investee. In instances of “significant influence, ” the investor must account for the investment using the equity method. Chapter 17 -24

Holdings Between 20% and 50% Equity Method Record the investment at cost and subsequently adjust the amount each period for Ø the investor’s proportionate share of the earnings (losses) and Ø dividends received by the investor. If investor’s share of investee’s losses exceeds the carrying amount of the investment, the investor ordinarily should discontinue applying the equity method. Chapter 17 -25

Holdings Between 20% and 50% On January 1, 2007, Pennington Corporation purchased 30% of the common shares of Edwards Company for $180, 000. During the year, Edwards earned net income of $80, 000 and paid dividends of $20, 000. Instructions Prepare the entries for Pennington to record the purchase and any additional entries related to this investment in Edwards Company in 2007. Chapter 17 -26

Holdings Between 20% and 50% Prepare the entries for Pennington to record the purchase and any additional entries related to this investment in Edwards Company in 2007. Investment in Associates 180, 000 Cash 180, 000 Investment in Associates Investment Revenue 24, 000 ($80, 000 x 30%) Cash Investment in Associates Chapter 17 -27 24, 000 6, 000 ($20, 000 x 30%) 6, 000

Holdings of More Than 50% Controlling Interest - When one corporation acquires a voting interest of more than 50 percent in another corporation Ø Investor is referred to as the parent. Ø Investee is referred to as the subsidiary. Ø Investment in the subsidiary is reported on the parent’s books as a long-term investment. Chapter 17 -28 Ø Parent generally prepares consolidated financial statements along with its solo financial statements.

Investments at the Date of Acquisition Recording Investments at Cost (Parent’s Books) Stock investment is recorded at cost as measured by fair value of the consideration given or consideration received, whichever is more clearly evident. Consideration given may include cash, other assets, debt securities, stock of the acquiring company. Chapter 17 -29

Investments at the Date of Acquisition Exercise: On January 1, 2008, Polo Company purchased 100% of the common stock of Save Company by issuing 40, 000 shares of its (Polo’s) $10 par value common stock with a market price of $17. 50 per share. The stockholders’ equity section of the two company’s balance sheets on December 31, 2007, were: Common stock, $10 par value Other contributed capital Retained earnings Chapter 17 -30 Polo Save $350, 000 $320, 000 590, 000 175, 000 380, 000 205, 000

Investments at the Date of Acquisition Exercise: Prepare the journal entry on the books of Polo Company to record the purchase of the common stock of Save Company and related expenses. Investment in Save (40, 000 x $17. 50) Chapter 17 -31 700, 000 Common Stock 400, 000 Other Contributed Capital 300, 000

Consolidated Balance Sheets: Use of Workpapers Assets and liabilities are summed, regardless of whether the parent owns 100% or a smaller controlling interest. Minority interests are reflected as a component of owners’ equity. Eliminations must be made to cancel the effects of transactions among the parent and its subsidiaries. A work-paper is frequently used to summarize the effects of various additions and eliminations. Chapter 17 -32

Consolidated Balance Sheets: Use of Workpapers Intercompany Accounts to Be Eliminated Parent’s Accounts Subsidiary’s Accounts Investment in subsidiary Against Equity accounts Intercompany receivable (payable) Against Intercompany payable (receivable) Advances to subsidiary (from subsidiary) Against Advances from parent (to parent) Interest revenue (interest expense) Against Interest expense (interest revenue) Dividend revenue (dividends declared) Against Dividends declared (dividend revenue) Management fee received from subsidiary Against Management fee paid to parent Sales to subsidiary (purchases of inventory from subsidiary) Against Purchases of inventory from parent (sales to parent) Chapter 17 -33

Consolidated Balance Sheets: Use of Workpapers Illustration: Assume that on January 1, 2007, P Company acquired all the outstanding stock (10, 000 shares) of S Company for cash of $160, 000. What journal entry would P Company make to record the shares of S Company acquired? Fair value = Book value=Purchase Price paid % acquired 100% Fair value 160, 000 Book value 160, 000 Difference Chapter 17 -34 $160, 000 $0

Consolidated Balance Sheets: Use of Workpapers Adjusting and eliminating entries are made on the workpaper for the preparation of consolidated statements. Chapter 17 -35

Consolidated Balance Sheets: Use of Workpapers Chapter 17 -36

Consolidated Balance Sheets: Use of Workpapers 1. The investment account and related subsidiary’s stockholders’ equity have been eliminated and the subsidiary’s net assets substituted for the investment account. 2. Consolidated assets and liabilities consist of the sum of the parent and subsidiary assets and liabilities in each classification. 3. Consolidated stockholders’ equity is the same as the parent company’s equity. Chapter 17 -37

Consolidated Balance Sheets: Use of Workpapers Purchase Cost Exceeds Fair Value of Subsidiary Company’s Equity—Partial Ownership. Illustration: Assume that on January 1, 2007, P Company acquired 80% (8, 000 shares) of the stock of S Company for $148, 000. What journal entry would P Company make to record the shares of S Company acquired? Investment in S Company Cash Chapter 17 -38 $148, 000

Consolidated Balance Sheets: Use of Workpapers The balance sheets of both companies immediately after the acquisition of shares is as follows: Chapter 17 -39

Consolidated Balance Sheets: Use of Workpapers The work-paper to consolidate the balance sheets for P and S on Jan. 1, 2007, date of acquisition, is presented below: Chapter 17 -40

Consolidated Statements After Acquisition Year of Acquisition On January 1, 2007, Parker Company purchased 95% of the outstanding common stock of Sid Company for $160, 000. At that time, Sid’s stockholders’ equity consisted of common stock, $120, 000; other contributed capital, $10, 000; and retained earnings, $23, 000. Required: A. Prepare a consolidated statements workpaper on Dec. 31, 2007. Chapter 17 -41 LO 3 Use of workpapers.

Consolidated Statements After Acquisition On December 31, 2007, the two companies’ trial balances were as follows at right: Required A. Prepare a consolidated statements workpaper on December 31, 2007. Chapter 17 -42 LO 5 Workpapers eliminating entries.

Consolidated Statements After Acquisition Chapter 17 -43

Consolidated Statements After Acquisition Chapter 17 -44