Investigation of red eye and vulva biting in

大型猪场红眼病和母猪大群饲养咬阴户的调查 Investigation of red eye and vulva biting in ESF pens at large scale pig Farms Presenter: Shaoqin Wu Mentor: Bob Morrison Email: wsqin 326@163. com wuxx 1758@umn. edu Tel: +8613878726887 广西农垦永新畜牧集团良圻原种猪场

提纲 Outline Ø背景相关 Background Ø母猪场红眼病（后备培育）Red eye in a sow farm, esp. in gilt unit Ø电子饲喂站中的咬阴户现象 Vulva biting in ESF pen Ø结论 Conclusion Ø致谢 Acknowledgments

背景 Background visited the UMN 2 times before I participated in the Swine Certificate Program The program set different courses and practices for a swine vet Investigations were suggested by my mentor : Dr. Bob Morrison

3 photos in the CVM of UMN

The contents of the Program for me 个人学习计 划 日期 Date 学习项目 Activities 18 -May, 2016 Arrived May 9 -23 Biosecurity & Bio-contaminant (CVM 6531) 备注 Note Phylis picked up my family from the MSP airport Montse, absence, changed to May, 2017 May 23 -June 6 Swine Disease: Diagnostics and Prevention (CVM 6842) Perle Boyer and Maria Pieters June 8 -10 IOWA World Pork Expo absence, changed to June, 2017 June 20 -July 4 Swine Health and Production: Introduction (CVM 6854) Peter Davies Sep. 12 - 24 Swine health and production: Advanced (CVM 6856) Bob Morrison Oct. 10 -Nov. 15 VDL Necropsy and diagnostics - Focus on swine Nov. 28 th –May Visited a Midwest sow farm 30, 2017 Feb. 5 -Now Directed study in Large Animal Medicine (CVM 6506) Feb. 24 -28 AASV Annual meeting guided by Dr. Collins investigation and learning at a large airfiltered sow farm Myco elimination project--open seminar guided by Dr. Maria Pieters 3 pre-conference + meeting

This is my last email from Bob, nearly 5 hours later, he passed away in a car accident in Czech

母猪群和后备群中的红眼调查 Red eye investigation of sows and gilts 美国中西部的一个猪场 in a farm of Midwest of USA

第 1次调查 Red eye investigation(1 st ) Ø地点：后母培育舍 Where: GDU pen/ ESF/ gestation stall(crate) Ø时间： 2017年 4 -24日 Time: April 24 th Ø计划：第 2天评估母猪定位栏（包括小圈） Plan : evaluate sow farrowing group(crate/stall, no pen) the following day

评判定标准 Evaluation criterion ØRed eye score=0(R 0): Normal 红眼得分=0分：正常 ØRed eye score=1(R 1): slightly red eye 红眼得分=1分，轻微红眼 ØRed eye score=2(R 2): moderate red eye 红眼得分=2分，中度红眼 ØRed eye score=3(R 3): severely red eye 红眼得分=3分，严重红眼

Red eye investigation 红眼调查 score 1 score 0 Score=0 normal eye 0分=正常 Score=1 slight red eye 1分=轻微红眼 Score=2 moderate red eye 2分=中度红 眼 Score=3 severe red eye 3分=重度红眼

score 3 score 2

其他一些异常情况 Some other abnormalities in sow or gilts with red eye

后备母猪培育圈，预淘汰栏情况 GDU pen; prepare to cull # pen # gilts R 1 R 2 R 3 comment R 2+R 3 % 1 45 5 9 4 55 -65 Kg 13 28. 9% 2 15 4 2 5 60 -90 Kg 7 46. 7% 3 6 0 0 0 70 -80 Kg 0 0. 0% 4 8 1 1 1 60 -70 Kg 2 25. 0% 5 15 3 2 2 70 -80 Kg 4 26. 7% 6 14 2 1 0 120 Kg 1 7. 1% total 103 15 15 12 27 26. 2% About 25% of the gilts had moderate or severe red eye 大概25%的后备母猪都出现中度至重度红眼情况

red eye in GDU obvious(R 2+R 3) % 明显红眼的比例 50. 0% 46. 7% 45. 0% 40. 0% 35. 0% 30. 0% 28. 9% 25. 0% 26. 7% 26. 2% 20. 0% 15. 0% 7. 1% 10. 0% 5. 0% 0. 0% 1 2 3 # Pen 4 5 6 total

ESF中的红眼情况 red eye in ESF (evaluated by walking by) # pen # gilts R 1 R 2 R 3 R 2 55 4 3 1 R 1 L 2 L 1 total 70 65 68 4 0 3 3 1 0 1 1 0 258 11 7 3 comment outside pen so not accurately 　 　 　 R 2+R 3 % 4 4 2 0 10 7. 3% 5. 7% 3. 1% 0. 0% 3. 9%

ESF中明显的红眼比例 8. 0% red eye in ESF obvious(R 2+R 3) % 7. 3% 7. 0% 5. 7% 6. 0% 5. 0% 3. 9% 4. 0% 3. 1% 3. 0% 2. 0% 1. 0% 0. 0% # Pen 0. 0% R 2 R 1 L 2 L 1 total

后备妊娠定位栏中的红眼比例 red eye in gestation/crate/heat etc. stall Row # crate blanket # H 1 30 　 H 1 17 　 G 1 30 9 G 1 17 　 F 1 45 　 E 1 45 　 D 1 45 　 C 1 45 9 B 1 45 　 A 1 45 　 D 2 46 　 C 2 46 15 B 2 46 　 A 2 46 17 total 548 50 gilts 30 17 21 17 45 45 45 36 45 45 46 31 46 29 498 R 1 5 5 2 6 11 15 14 11 10 17 20 8 15 3 142 R 2 2 2 　 2 6 4 11 1 4 4 10 4 4 0 54 R 3 1 　 　 　 5 　 　 1 　 0 7 comment 　 　 2 boars 　 　 　 R 2+R 3 % 3 10. 0% 2 11. 8% 0 0. 0% 2 11. 8% 6 13. 3% 4 8. 9% 16 35. 6% 1 2. 8% 4 8. 9% 10 21. 7% 5 16. 1% 4 8. 7% 0 0. 0% 61 12. 2%

靠近GDU的妊娠定位栏的红眼比例 40. 0% red eye in Gestation(GDU) obvious(R 2+R 3) % 35. 6% 35. 0% 30. 0% 25. 0% 21. 7% 20. 0% 15. 0% 10. 0% 11. 8% 5. 0% 0. 0% 11. 8% 16. 1% 13. 3% 8. 9% H 1 G 1 8. 7% 2. 8% 0. 0% H 1 12. 2% G 1 F 1 E 1 D 1 C 1 0. 0% B 1 A 1 D 2 C 2 B 2 A 2 Stall row total

Position位置 pen 34 pen 33 pen 32 pen 31 pen 30 pen 29 pen 28 pen 27 pen 26 pen 25 pen 24 pen 23 pen 22 pen 21 pen 20 pen 19 pen 18 pen 17 pen 16 pen 15 pen 14 pen 13 pen 12 pen 11 pen 10 pen 9 pen 8 pen 7 pen 6 pen 5 pen 4 pen 3 pen 2 pen 1 total 妊娠舍1第 1列（小圈， 淘汰）红眼比例 Red eyes in gestation room 1 little pen # sows母猪数 blanket 3　 1　 4　 4　 4　 3　 3　 5　 5　 5　 4　 5　 3　 4　 5　 5　 5　 4　 5　 5　 145 Red eye 1 　 　 　 　 　 　 0 R 2 　 1　 1　 　 　 2　 　 　 1　 　 　 1　 　 　 9　 R 3 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 RE% comment 　 　 　 boars 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 6. 2%　

第 1列小圈栏（部分淘汰） 母猪红眼比例 Red eyes in gestation room 1 little pen 160 145 140 120 100 80 60 40 9 20 0 # sows Red eye 1 6. 2% RE%

第 1栋和第 2栋定位栏妊娠母猪 的红眼比例 Red eyes in gestation crates of room 1 and room 2 position/# crate 　 position Column 1/52 C 1/22 C 2/52 C 2/22 C 3/52 C 3/22 C 4/52 C 4/22 C 5/52 C 6/52 C 6/22 Column 1/52 C 1/22 C 2/52 C 3/52 C 3/22 C 4/52 C 5/52 C 5/22 C 6/52 C 7/40 C 7/22 total # sows 　 blanket 18 45 22　 52　 52　 22　 22　 52　 52　 51 51 22　 47 51 22　 19 50 51 52　 22　 52　 39 52　 22　 45 52　 40　 22　 1551　 　 Red eye 1 R 2 4 3　 7　 4　 　 　 　 5　 5 3　 　 　 4 1 5　 1 6　 2　 5 3　 1 1　 2　 3　 　 2 1　 1 2　 3　 5　 　 　 13 1　 4　 2　 2　 　 　 7 3　 5　 2　 1　 1　 87 R 3 　 　 1　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 2 　 　 RE% comment 　 ROOM 1 　 　 　 11 Boars 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 ROOM 2 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 0 5. 7%　

妊娠舍1和舍2定位栏中红眼母猪的比例 1800 1600 Red eyes in crates of gestation room 1/2 1551 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 87 200 0 # sows Red eye 1 2 0. 057382333978078 7 R 2 RE%

导致红眼的原因讨论-- Talita Resende Reason-discussed with Talita Resende(UMN candidate Ph. D) Ø最主要的病原： The most common pathogens related to pig conjunctivitis are (as written in slides): --猪瘟- CSFV: classical swine fever virus --非洲猪瘟- ASFV: African swine fever virus --猪伪狂犬病毒- PRV: pseudorabies virus --猪蓝耳病病毒- PRRSV --A型流感病毒- IAV: influenza A virus --猪衣原体- Chlamydia spp --猪鼻支原体- Mycoplasma hyorhinis

采样方法--来自Fabio Sampling method—from Fabio(VDL UMN) Ø结膜炎棉拭子 Conjunctiva swabs will be the best for an ante-mortem sampling. If you have the chance to euthanize pigs, whole head and respiratory tract will be the best. Ø每只猪 3个样 For the conjunctiva swabs, ideally would be 3 swabs from each animal - we'll use the swabs for different things: PCR, aerobic, anaerobic and mycoplasma culture Ø采何种类型猪？ What type of animals to collect? You want to be comprehensive on your approach, since we are not exactly sure about what type of bacteria we are dealing with (commensal or pathogenic). ü 5头后期 ~5 clinically affected animals (late stage of the disease), late stage = pus running from the eyes ü 5头前期 ~5 clinically affected animals (early sage of the disease), early stage = redness, but no pus ü 5头健康 接触过的 ~5 clinically health pen-mates/contact animals (these will be interpreted down the road as sub-clinically-affected) ü 5头健康未接触 ~5 clinically healthy animals from an unrelated site (with no clinical disease or history)

个人想法和建议 My thought and suggestion Ø猪场内部什么病原导致，采样区分：衣原体或鼻支原体？ It is good to sample and differentiate which pathogen is inside. Maybe Chlamydia spp or Mycoplasma hyorhinis

5月11日与Fabio碰面讨论及计划 Meet with Fabio in VDL on May 11 th ØMet with Fabio on Thursday noon and discussed about the red eyes. ØFabio is very kind, he wants to help me and we plan to sample the pigs together. Ø I will go to the farm and investigate the red eyes and vulva biting firstly next week. Then I will decide if I need Fabio’s help next week.

讨论后更改的采样计划 Sampling method—form Fabio(VDL UMN) ØConjunctiva swabs will be the best for an ante-mortem sampling. If you have the chance to euthanize pigs, whole head and respiratory tract will be the best. ØFor the conjunctiva swabs, ideally would be 3 swabs from each animal - we'll use the swabs for different things: PCR, aerobic, anaerobic and mycoplasma culture ØWhat type of animals to collect? You want to be comprehensive on your approach, since we are not exactly sure about what type of bacteria we are dealing with (commensal and pathogenic). ü~3 clinically affected animals (late stage of the disease), late stage = pus running from the eyes ü~3 clinically affected animals (early sage of the disease), early stage = redness, but no pus ü~3 clinically healthy pen-mates/contact animals (these will be interpreted down the road as subclinically-affected) ü~3 clinically healthy animals form an unrelated site (with no clinical disease or history)

第 2次调查 Red eye investigation(2 nd ) Ø地点 Where: GDU ESF/ gestation stall(crate) Ø时间 Time: Morning, May 30 th Ø人物：Who：Maria Pieters, Fabio Vannucci, a DVM student ： Bryant Chapman and me

place A 1 B 1 C 1 D 1 A 2 B 2 C 2 D 2 E 1 F 1 G 1 H 1 gestation 第 2次红眼调查 Red eye investigation(2 nd ) # crates empty normal moderate severe 45 1 17 22 5 45 0 18 18 9 45 25 14 6 45 12 17 16 46 17 22 7 46 11 25 10 46 12 19 15 46 3 10 21 12 45 20 17 8 45 1 18 18 8 46 4 18 10 7 46 5 17 17 7 49 9 19 21 total M+S red eye % comments 44 27 61. 4% 45 27 60. 0% 45 20 44. 4% 45 33 73. 3% 46 29 63. 0% 46 35 76. 1% 46 34 73. 9% 43 33 76. 7% 45 25 55. 6% 44 26 59. 1% 35 17 48. 6% 7 boars 41 24 58. 5% just young 49 40 81. 6% gilts

red eye in Gestation(GDU) obvious(R 2+R 3) % 靠近GDU定位栏红眼比例 90. 0% 80. 0% 76. 1% 73. 3% 61. 4% 60. 0% 76. 7% 63. 0% 60. 0% 50. 0% 73. 9% 81. 6% 55. 6% 59. 1% 58. 5% 48. 6% 44. 4% 40. 0% 30. 0% 20. 0% 10. 0% A 1 B 1 C 1 D 1 A 2 B 2 C 2 D 2 E 1 F 1 G 1 H 1 gestation Crate row number

Sample: Fabio Vannucci Maria Pieters one vet student item ID red eye PIC date DOB age(days) place Day(PIC) Group gilt 1 gilt 2 gilt 3 gilt 4 gilt 5 gilt 6 gilt 7 gilt 8 gilt 9 gilt 10 gilt 11 gilt 12 gilt 13 gilt 14 gilt 15 sow 1 sow 2 sow 3 sow 4 sow 5 38038 no ID 37826 38103 no ID 38045 no ID 38000 no ID no ID 37551 38003 35911 34655 37246 37083 34810 normal severe normal severe moderate moderate normal normal 452 424 396 424 144 990 284 990 12 -Oct 230 258 286 258 538 692 398 692 A 1 B 1 C 1 D 1 A 1 B 1 C 1 D 1 A 1 B 1 C 1 D 1 A 1 B 1 C 1 D 1 Farrowing 4 Farrowing 4 682 682 682 682 682 19 20 21 19

果VDL Results 明大VDL诊断结

The reply of Fabio Vannucci ØI haven't seen successful treatment for these conjunctivitis cases other than acclimatize the gilts until it goes way. People have tried different things, including topical antimicrobial (eyedrops) in affected animals with no success. The availability of topical antimicrobial for veterinary use is very limited. So, I am not sure if the topical treatment doesn't work or if they didn't use the preferable antimicrobial. ØHonestly, at this point, we don't even know the primary cause of these cases. There is a an indication of M. hyorhinis being involved on this, but I am not 100% convinced (yet). Perhaps, something underlying that we are missing…

Conclusion ØThe main pathogen: Mycoplasma hyorhinis（Pos: 18, Sus 1, Neg 1) ØTreatment: No report in effect of red eye? But Lincomycin may be used in other situation ØM. hyorhinis(Polyserositis and arthritis) is susceptible to lincomycin, clindamycin, furaltadona, kanamycin and all sulfonamides. --- 猪鼻支 原体(多发性桨膜炎和关节炎)对林可霉素，克林霉素，呋喃它酮， 卡那霉素和所有磺胺类药物敏感 https: //www. pig 333. com/what_the_experts_say/mycoplasmahyorhinis-not-just-a-commensal_7288/

大栏圈养中的咬阴户 Vulva biting in ESF Pens

咬阴户 Vulva biting Ø母猪群群养大栏ESF pen biting(bloody or scars), sow is much serious

ESF 栏舍分布图 Feeder 2 Feeder 1 Feeder 2

Vulva bite

咬阴户统计 Vulva biting in ESF pens time 4月27日 4月27日 4月27日 4月28日 4月28日 ESF Pen No. feeder pen 1 pen 3 pen 5 pen 7 pen 4 pen 2 pen 6 pen 8 pen 10 pen 12 pen 14 pen 16 pen 9 pen 11 pen 13 pen 15 pen-No toy pen- toy feeder 1+2 feeder 1+2 feeder 1 feeder 2 feeder 1+2 feeder 1+2 　 　 # sows 45 65 131 164 151 154 20 89 105 124 139 150 158 150 162 797 909 vulva bite 2 0 0 4 29 21 16 8 12 57 71 34 26 30 18 22 39 VB% 4. 4% 0. 0% 2. 4% 19. 2% 13. 6% 10. 4% 40. 0% 13. 5% 54. 3% 57. 3% 24. 5% 17. 3% 20. 0% 11. 4% 14. 7% 24. 1% 214 26. 9% 169 18. 6% toy chain(yes/No) N Y N N N N Y Y Y N Y comment Gilts, 1 toy gilts Gilts 1 toy 　 　 　 set up 2 days later 　 1 toy chain 3 toy chain 1 toy chain 2 toy chain 3 toy chain 　 　

The toy chain in ESF Pen

群养中的咬阴户情况 vul biting in ESF 1200 70. 0% 1014 1000 54. 3% 57. 3% 50. 0% 800 692 40. 0% 600 60. 0% 40. 0% 30. 0% 24. 5% 400 19. 2% 13. 6% 200 13. 5% 10. 4% 11. 4% 226 14. 7% 157 20. 0% 10. 0% 2. 4% y to pe n- no to y 5 pe n- pe n 1 3 pe n 1 1 pe n 9 6 pe n 1 4 pe n 1 2 pe n 1 0 pe n 1 pe n 8 pe n 6 0. 0% pe n 2 pe n 4 0. 0% pe n 7 pe n 3 pe n 1 0 pe n 5 4. 4% 17. 3% 24. 1% 22. 7% 22. 3% 20. 0% # sows vulva bite VB% Green column is gilts, blue is sows. So vulva biting rate is low in gilt pens, but is pretty high in sow pens, esp. in pen 12 and pen 10. compare to has toy chain in pen or not, The biting rate is 22% or 23%. That means the toy chain maybe has little helpful.

Room 5 6 7 8 　 line # sow/gilts vulva biting 1 8 4 2 8 5 3 8 3 4 8 3 5 8 3 6 8 2 6 7 3 5 8 5 4 8 4 3 8 4 2 7 4 1 8 2 2 8 1 3 8 3 4 8 2 5 8 2 6 7 3 6 8 3 5 8 3 4 8 7 3 8 5 2 8 5 1 8 4 total 189 84 调查产房咬阴户情况 Vulva biting in Farrowing Room 5 -8 200 vulva biting % in farrowing room 5 -8 189 180 160 140 120 100 84 80 60 40 20 44. 4% 0 # sow/gilts vulva biting VB%

# vulva sow/gilts biting 1 8 2 2 8 6 3 8 5 4 8 5 5 8 5 6 8 4 5 8 6 4 8 6 3 8 4 2 8 4 1 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 8 2 5 8 0 4 8 1 3 8 0 2 8 0 1 8 0 total 140 54 Room line 1 2 3 4 vulva biting % in farrowing room 1/2/4 160 140 120 100 80 54 60 40 20 38. 6% 0 # sow/gilts vulva biting VB%

May 10 th discussed with Dr. Yuzhi Li 李玉 芝 Ø 主要原因饲喂站太少，3个可能 更好；Main reason maybe is ESF too less. 3 feeder will be much better. Ø 每头母猪吃多长时间，How long for each sow eat every time. Ø 重新设定的时间 How about the reset time. Ø 饲喂站的门能被打开吗 The door can be open? Ø 一些母猪会吃其他猪的饲料 Some sows will eat while others feed. Ø 基因问题: Topigs 比PIC温顺 Genetics: Topigs is better than PIC Ø建议我与John Deen博士进一步沟通 she also suggested me to meet with Dr. John Deen. he is also very familiar with it( animal welfare).

5 -12 与John Deen 博士的沟通 Met with Dr. John Deen on May 12 th ØWe discussed the vulva biting of sows in ESF pens. ØHe also give me 2 papers about the vulva biting research. Ø他的建议 he suggested the following: Ø 1)容量问题 ESF, 160 sow in one pen, but just 2 ESF, is too less, normally the max 60 sows per ESF. but it is impossible for producer to add another more. Ø 2)饲喂站的设计问题 ESF design, maybe has some problems, why sometime there is 3 sows in the ESF tunnel. it will increase the anxiety when waiting to get feed. most biting maybe take place in here. Ø 3) 新一轮的喂料循环何时开始, 注意发生? How about the new cycle of feeding. when it begins. Mya be set a video to see what happen when they get fed. Ø 4) 基因可能也有会一些影响 Genetic also has some a little different Ø 5) 增加采食量 one can do in the farm reality: add 10 -15% and the later 2 -3 weeks of gestation. That is maybe a little helpful. Ø 6) 玩具链，效果有限 as for toy chain. he think it may be no use. it is different. may be helpful for tail biting, not for vulva biting.

进一步有关咬会阴的调查 My Next step about vulva biting investigation Ø现在查看重新有什么现象 Watch between reset time, what will be happen Ø与现场人员沟通 Talk more with Donny about the ESF pen. Maybe with the Manger together Ø与主管沟通 Discuss with the Manger , why not add 10 -15% feed the last 2 -3 weeks of gestation stage.

调理设备参数 Adjust the parameter

首次查看设备重启动 Watch between reset time—May 25 th Ø时间 Time: investigation swine in ESF Pens from 7: 23 PM to 9: 37 PM Ø总体情况 General phenomenon: 1) 7: 23 PM mostly sleeping; some waiting in the ESF entrance 2) 7: 35 begin look for food Ø未开灯 Keep the normal, not open the light, a little dark in pens ØESF软件时间比实际快 25分钟 The ESF pen quick than the real time, for example, now is 12: 06 PM, but the ESF computer time is 12: 31, so it is nearly 25 min faster

寻找最有攻击性的猪 How to find the aggressive sows? Ø使用软件记录 We can use the EFS pen software records Ø哪头猪总是第 1个进去吃到料的？Who is often the first one enter into the feeder door and get the feed Ø哪个呆在里面的时间最久 Who is the most time into the pen Ø发现最有攻击性的猪，如果生产性能不好，可考虑淘汰它 If we find the aggressive one, then look for the reproduction performance, if the BA is lower, we can cull them, there will be less aggressive sows, maybe better for others.

现场查看 Who is the aggressive sow/gilt Ø调查守门猪 Investigate who guard the entrance to the ESF door time 7: 30 8: 28 7: 31 -7: 35 8: 25 7: 37 -7: 42 8: 33 7: 43 -7: 47 #Pen 14 14 16 16 15 15 13 13 11 9 9 12 Feeder 1 27306 36762 34255 36651 29109 too dark 35962 33597/34887 27297 30400 Feeder 2 28114 29273 33000 29023 33111 too dark 32677 32397 dark 33899 7: 43 -7: 47 10 33843 32560 7: 49 -7: 53 7: 55 -8: 00 8: 02 -8: 04 8: 05 -8: 07 8 6 4 2 7 5 3 1 34127 ? 27247 30361 37381 NO 37663 empty 34832 29037 32292 30194 NO NO empty 37692 comment reset time is 8: 36 1 waiting one sleep at entrance push feeder gate empty 初步结论：守在门口的不总是最有 攻击性的，只有少数才是， Primary conclusion: the door guarder is not always the aggressive, just little is the aggressive who can the first one to rush into the ESF.

查看一个饲喂站 （11大栏 第 1个饲喂站） The investigation of one Private pen Øpen 11 feeder 1： 妊娠 105天后 more then 105 days of gestation 查看时间Time: 8: 36': 00" -9: 36'34" Øpen 9 feeder 1 --- 仅瞄一下 just keep an eye on

11大栏第 1个饲喂站 pen 11 feeder 1 节点 item 时间段 time 内容 cotent 备注 comment 4 just one inside sow rush into the ESF entrance, 吃完后等待60秒看起来不错， eating crazy, so quickly 在部分猪能自己走出来，不用 后进来的猪拱她出来 the latter push the other, so she Waiting 60 second looks nice, 8: 47'16"-9: 05'07" rush into 2 sows inside no more than 5" most sows exit by itself, no need to push by others. 9: 05'07"-9: 13'07" go outside by herself Better watch much more feeder 9: 13': 14"-9: 24'24" go outside by herself 5 9: 24': 57"-9: 36'26" rush into 2 sows 1 2 3 6 8: 36: 00 -8: 47'15" 9: 36'34" push former the latter push the other, so she inside no more than 5"

第 9栏 第 1个饲喂站 Pen 9 feeder 1 Ø 8: 44 -8: 45 进来 2头母猪，后面推前面走，第 1头母猪呆不到 10秒 enter into 2 sow, the behind push the front one, the front one inside no more than 10 send Ø 3头母猪几乎同时进来，一个头在另一侧门，一只在吃料，另一 只臀部在外 3 sows inside at the same time, one head into outside door, not all enter into ; one in feeder ; the last on half into exit door

第 2次查看设备重启前的情况 Watch between reset time- 2 st time-May 29 th Ø时间 Time: investigation swine in ESF Pens from 5: 08 PM to 8: 57 PM Ø总体情况 General phenomenon: Time �� Evaluation�估 Comment�注 5: 08 PM all sleep turn on light turn off again 6: 13 PM all most sleep turn on light turn off again 7: 08 PM 20% stand up turn on light turn off again 8: 01 PM 20% stand up turn on light keep on 8: 30 PM 50% stand up turn on light turn off again

�� time 调查守门猪 Investigate who guard the entrance to the ESF door �� time Pen 16 feeder 1 pen 14 feeder 1 Pen 16 feeder 2 pen 14 feeder 2 Pen 12 feeder 1 Pen 10 feeder 1 Pen 12 feeder 2 Pen 10 feeder 2 time Pen 15 feeder 1 pen 13 feeder 1 Pen 15 feeder 2 pen 13 feeder 2 Pen 11 feeder 1 Pen 9 feeder 1 Pen 11 feeder 2 Pen 9 feeder 2 5: 16 PM 35371 35330 5: 17 PM 32989 34190/34721 5: 19 PM 35259 36409 5: 20 PM 36579 36453 5: 22 PM 31894 31631 5: 23 PM none 5: 25 PM 34775 No Tag 5: 26 PM none 34910 6: 14 PM 35371 35330 6: 15 PM 32989 34190/34721 6: 17 PM 36400 32560 6: 19 PM 33899 32788 6: 20 PM 31894 34265 6: 21 PM none 6: 23 PM 34775 35067 6: 24 PM 32677 32397 7: 08 PM 35371 35330 7: 09 PM 32989 32470 7: 12 PM 35207 32560 7: 12 PM 33899 32459 7: 14 PM 34279 none 7: 15 PM none 7: 18 PM 34775 34887 7: 19 PM 29076 32397 8: 02 PM 27148 35330 8: 02 PM 32989 31222 8: 04 PM 36400 32560 8: 05 PM 33899 32459 8: 07 PM 33041 34265 8: 08 PM none 8: 10 PM 34771 No Tag 8: 11 PM 29076 32397 �注 comment turn on light before observing, turn off when finished 开灯�察，直到�束 first time second time third time fourth time

time 调查守门猪 Investigate who guard the entrance to the ESF door time Pen 8 feeder 1 pen 6 feeder 1 Pen 8 feeder 2 pen 6 feeder 2 Pen 4 feeder 1 Pen 2 feeder 1 Pen 4 feeder 2 Pen 2 feeder 2 time Pen 7 feeder 1 pen 5 feeder 1 Pen 7 feeder 2 pen 5 feeder 2 Pen 3 feeder 1 Pen 1 feeder 1 Pen 3 feeder 2 Pen 1 feeder 2 5: 27 PM none 5: 28 PM 34198 none 5: 29 PM 33920 36225 5: 30 PM 36360 32775 5: 34 PM 35578 37227 5: 35 PM 37232 none 5: 37 PM 37612 none 5: 37 PM 37487 37672 6: 26 PM 34970 35535 6: 27 PM 34198 31504 6: 29 PM 33920 36218 6: 30 PM 32292 36194 6: 33 PM 37606 none 6: 33 PM 37232 37297 6: 35 PM 37294 none 6: 36 PM none 37510 7: 21 PM 34970 none 7: 22 PM 34198 31504 7: 23 PM none 30361 7: 25 PM run 7: 27 PM 27060 37529 7: 28 PM 37232 37297 7: 30 PM 376761 none 7: 30 PM 37444 37510 8: 13 PM 31494 34943 8: 13 PM 36328 31504 8: 17 PM 27297 30361 8: 18 PM 32424 30194 8: 20 PM 27060 37534 8: 21 PM 37232 37297 8: 22 PM 376761 none 8: 23 PM 37459 37751 comment turn on light before observing, turn off when finished开灯�察，直到�束 first time 首次 second time 第 2次 third time 第 3次 fourth time 第 4次 one sow inside ESF

第 2次观察重设情况 Investigation during reset time at Pen 9 -May 29 th �� pen 9 feeder �象 phenomenon 1 20: 35 第 1只猪�去 1 st sow into 20: 37 第 3只猪�去 3 th sow into ESF 20: 37: 20 第 4只猪�去 4 th sow into ESF 20: 38 第 5只猪�去 5 th sow into ESF 20: 40 第 6只猪�去 6 th sow into ESF made video 20: 41: 40 第 7只猪�去 7 th sow into ESF 20: 42 第 8只猪�去 8 th sow into ESF 1)若参数设置正确 饲喂器有问题 门被猪吻突打开 Firstly we should see the parameter of pen 9 feeder 1, if the parameter is OK. Pen 9 feeder 1 maybe has problems. It can be open by sow Snout. 2)随机看, 发现ESF内同时有头猪 2 when I go around the all ESF, I also see 2 sow inside ESF 3)建议修复门. 在复位后15分钟内，所有ESF应被检查一下 so I suggest to repair the entrance door. All ESF should be inspected during the reset time (first 15 minutes) 2: 35 -20: 45(real time, not ESF computer time)

对面的11栏第 1个饲喂站查看情况 Investigation during reset time at Pen 11 -May 29 th Pen 11 feeder 1 20: 35: 20 begin time 20: 46: 14 end time 0: 10: 54 20: 46: 38 20: 57: 00 0: 10: 22 comment the ESF door is good no other sows enter into during 10 minutes eating 11栏的饲喂站情况良好。进入门不会被猪吻突打开 pen 11 feeder 1 is OK. It works well. The entrance door can’t be opened by other sow snout 后面证实气压不够是其中的主要原因 It is confirmed later that the pressure is the main reason: not enough pressure

存在问题和建议 Question and suggestion Ø进去 10秒内就被拱出的猪，是否不会下料some sow just inside 2 -10 second; then was pushed by other sows, how to calculation by the machine ？ Ø吃完后等待60秒较好 Waiting 60 second(method look) nice(just watch 1 feeder), the sow exit by itself, no need to push by others. Ø调好参数 Can we set parameter: read sow ID 2 time, interval 10 -20 sec, the second time if the ID is right then drop the feed; or open the door, let others into? Ø检查存在问题 Firstly we should see the parameter of all ESF feeder, if the parameter is OK. Inspect all ESF feeder as soon as possible, maybe some of them has problems. The entrance door can be opened by sow snout. Ø是否有猪吃不到料 Check pens everyday, if some sows can’t get the feed. Ø发现攻击性强的猪 How to find the aggressive sows?

猪业博览会上与厂家沟通 Suggestion from Andrew Schultz in world Pork EXPO June 8 th Ø门锁坏 Locker is broken ØAndrew Schultz: ESF technical support specialist Øaschultz@gsiag. com

In memory of Bob Morrison ØHe is very kind ØHe is a great man ØHe always encourage others ØHe likes help others ØHe is a Christian

致谢 Acknowledgments CVM of UMN and VDL of UMN, esp. swine group My mentors: Bob Morrison Frank Liu James Collins Han Soo Joo Thomas Molitor John Deen Montserrat Torremorell Maria Pieters Fabio Vannucci Yuzhi Li Talita Resende

致谢 Acknowledgments Ø吴志君 Zhijun Wu: Genera Manger of Yongxin Group Co. , Ltd Ø闫之春 Jason Yan: former US Grains Council Ø良圻原种猪场 Liangqi Farm of Yongxin Husbandry company Ø国家留学基金委 Stipend from CSC (China Scholarship Council) Ø美国中西部的一个猪场 One Farm of Midwest of USA Ø我的家庭 My family

Our greatest weakness lies in giving up. The most certain way to succeed is always to try just one more time. Thomas Edison Welcome to Liangqi Farm