Investigating silences A framework for addressing methodological and

Investigating silences: A framework for addressing methodological and ethical issues in offender health Professor Laura Serrant, Sheffield Hallam University Dr Cyril Eshareturi, University of Wolverhampton

Talk outline Ø The Silences Framework (TSF) Ø Research study Ø Ethical/Methodological considerations Ø Methodological strengths of TSF

The Silences Framework (TSF) • Developed from concept of 'Screaming Silences' • Areas of research either under-researched and require more development, or experiences which are historically and/or politically undervalued, absent or invisible • Underpinned by criticalist and ethnicities based approaches: ØResearch and experience is context bound ØImpact of inequality and power on experiences ØCentral role of researcher ØEqual importance of marginalised views and personal experience

The Silences Framework – 4 Stages �Stage 1: Working in Silences (contextualisation) �Stage 2: Hearing Silences (location) �Stage 3: Voicing silences (verbalisation) �Stage 4: Working with Silences (recontextualisation) �Cyclical, reflective approach to analysis

Research study �Title Mapping the offender health pathway: challenges and opportunities for support through community nursing �Design Qualitative case study underpinned by TSF �Aims Ø Identify points in the community where a nurse led intervention can be delivered to offenders on release Ø Identify points in a manner and way which would be ethical, non-stigmatising and agreeable to offenders in the community Ø Address the uni-dimensional presentation of evidence

Ethical and methodological Considerations Ø Credibility Ø Prolonged engagement Ø Triangulation Ø Member checking Ø Transferability Ø Thick description Ø Dependability Ø External audit Ø Confirmability Ø External audit Ø Member checking Ø Reflexivity

Advantages of the TSF Ø Marginalised perspectives Ø Uni-dimensional presentation of evidence Ø Trustworthiness Ø Not prescriptive of design Ø User-friendly Ø Internal validity Ø Power imbalance

Indicative papers Ø Serrant-Green, L. (2010) The sound of ‘silence’: a framework for researching sensitive issues or marginalised perspectives in health. Journal of Research in Nursing, 16(4). pp. 347– 360. Ø Eshareturi, C. , Serrant-Green, L. , Bayliss-Pratt, L. and Galbraith, V. (2014) The case for nurses as central providers of health and social care services for ex-offenders: a discussion paper. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 70(5), pp. 1030 -9. Ø Eshareturi, C. , Serrant-Green, L. , Galbraith, V. and Glynn, M. (2015) Silence of a scream: application of the Silences Framework to provision of nurse-led interventions for ex-offenders. Journal of Research in Nursing, 20(3), pp. 218– 231.

Thank you Professor Laura Serrant l. serrant@shu. ac. uk Dr Cyril Eshareturi cyril. eshareturi@wlv. ac. uk