Invention and Innovation Important Terms Invention n Innovation

Invention and Innovation .

Important Terms Invention n Innovation n Discovery n Creativity n Patents n Trademarks n Copyrights n Science n Engineering n Technology n Design n

Invention n Is the creation of a completely new product, method, or device. Businesses use inventions to create original solutions to meet consumer needs.

Top 10 Canadian Inventions n 10. n 9. n 8. 7. n 6. n Poutine (Fernand Lachance) Electric Wheelchair (George Johann Klein) Zipper (Gideon Sundback) Robertson screwdriver (Peter Robertson) Pacemaker (John Hopps)

Top 10 Canadian Inventions n n n 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. Wonderbra (Moses Nadler) Five pin bowling (T. E Ryan) Light bulb (Henry Woodward) Telephone (Alexander Graham Bell) Insulin (Fredrick Banting)

Innovation n Is the change of an existing product to use new technology, items or processes.

Ev olu tio no f Alexander Graham Bell’s Phone 1876 t e h p e l e T o h Old Phone 1 st Cell Phone March 6, 1983 e n Razr 2006 Samsung Galaxy SIII 2012

Old Computers New Computers

Intellectual Property To promote rapid growth of technology, there had to be something in it for both users and producers, and if the correct balance could be found, it would be good for the country.

Discovery The primary process used in science to uncover new knowledge.

Creativity n The ability to see a problem in several dimensions. n The ability to truly understand the problem at hand.

Patents Provide inventors with exclusive rights to manufacture a device for a period of time that has been fixed. (Currently 20 yrs. ) n submit a patent application, along with the appropriate fee, to the Patent Office of the Canadian Intellectual Property Office n Assigned to individuals, not corporations. n

Patents Cont. The inventor must keep dated logs in order to prove who invented something first. n “Patent Pending” – the inventor has applied for a patent, but not received it yet. n

Trademarks give an individual or corporation a right to identify a product with a graphic symbol that customers can readily recognize for the quality and service they have earned. n Generally, a trademark has no time limit. n

Trademark Examples Nike Abercrombie & Fitch Mountain Dew Adidas

Copyrights n Provide the creators of written materials the right to a profit from the sale of their works for a definite period of time. n Related to written material, graphic material, or music.

What Entrepreneurs look for Market Research Consumer Wants Business Opportunity

Science n The pursuit of new knowledge about nature. n Its primary goal is knowledge, not solutions to problems.

Engineering n n The profession in which the knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences are combined with, experience and practice that is then applied to develop ways to utilize materials and the forces of nature for the benefit of mankind. The deliberate, orderly process through which technology is created.

Technology The innovation, change, or modification of the natural environment to satisfy the perceived human wants and needs.

Design The process of designing solutions to technological problems—innovating and inventing.

History of Invention, Innovation and Discovery The greatest difference between science and technology is purpose.

n The main purpose of science was curiosity, where the main purpose of technology was a matter of survival. n Science and technology need and serve each other while serving mankind.

Early civilizations were based on just a few inventions: The plow n Handwriting n Metallurgy n Pottery n Brick making n Stonecutting n Spinning n Weaving n Surveying instruments n And more… n

6 Mechanisms that affect Invention and Innovation 1. 2. 3. Deliberate search – Atomic Bomb, String Theory Deliberate search for one thing that leads to something else – Purple Dye Totally unrelated developments have an effect on the main event – Rutherford’s gold foil.

4. 5. 6. Military needs or military inventions give rise to intense development efforts and equally significant social change – the computer Weather & other natural forces Pure accident – Microwave by Percy Spencer, an engineer.

Invention, Innovation and Discovery Today 1. Information and Communication Technology The faster we can communicate, the faster we can influence others with new inspiration and new inventions. 2. The rise of organized science In the past, discoveries often followed the practical application. Technology preceded science Today, technology rarely precedes science

3. The influence of government n n n The need for rapid wartime development of technology tends to push the envelope of efficiency. The funding of research which is often available for the asking. Government can also influence invention and innovation by legislation that creates the rules others must play by

Inventors n Thomas Edison n Benjamin Franklin n Elijah Mc. Coy n Eli Whitney n Alexander Graham Bell n Henry Ford