Introduction what is electronic commerce Electronic Commerce ECommerce

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Introduction: what is electronic commerce? • Electronic Commerce (E-Commerce) is the process of two

Introduction: what is electronic commerce? • Electronic Commerce (E-Commerce) is the process of two or more parties making business transactions via computer and some type of network. Internet. com - The Electronic Commerce Guide: Expert Advice. Mecklermedia Corporation, 1998. • The business practices and technologies known collectively as Electronic Commerce (E-Commerce) include: – Using E-mail for business communication – Using Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) with your bank, your suppliers, and your clients – Establishing a Website to market your products or services – Implementing an Internet-based retail business – Implementing Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) with your suppliers and clients – Integrating EDI with your in-house financial systems Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 5

Introduction: what is electronic commerce? (cont. ) – Implementing Technical Data Interchange (TDI) to

Introduction: what is electronic commerce? (cont. ) – Implementing Technical Data Interchange (TDI) to exchange engineering drawings – Implementing compatible E-Commerce practices throughout your acquisition to distribution supply network – Creating a "virtual enterprise" that fully integrates the design, manufacturing, finance, inventory control, distribution and maintenance systems in your business • E-COMMERCE – Carrying out business activities that lead to an exchange of value across telecommunications networks Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 6

Typical Classification • • Business-to-Business (B 2 B) Business-to-Public Body (e. g. , Government)

Typical Classification • • Business-to-Business (B 2 B) Business-to-Public Body (e. g. , Government) Business-to-Individual / Consumer (B 2 C) Individual-to-Public Body Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 7

ECommerce: islands (of automation) in the sun Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic

ECommerce: islands (of automation) in the sun Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 8

Introduction: the exploding growth of the market E-Commerce growth is more than 150% per

Introduction: the exploding growth of the market E-Commerce growth is more than 150% per year or 4 times faster than the overall economy Source : Forrester Research, IDC Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 9

Introduction: the exploding growth of the market The Real Revenue Growth in E-Commerce has

Introduction: the exploding growth of the market The Real Revenue Growth in E-Commerce has not yet happened 360 Billion** By 2000 32 Billion* Now Source: Yankee Group, IDC, Forrester Research 22% *from consumer transactions and 78% from business-to-business transactions. **A more conservative estimation of “only” 294 billion in revenue by 2002, was given by the West Chester Electronic Commerce Resource Center. 8. 8% out of the revenue from consumer transactions and 91. 2% from business-to-business transactions. Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 10

Introduction: a changing demographic E-Commerce is moving from the technologist and hobbyists, the “computer

Introduction: a changing demographic E-Commerce is moving from the technologist and hobbyists, the “computer literate” To new, mainstream users. Including 1 st time buyers and larger percentages of women Source: IDC, Forrester Research Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 11

Introduction: major players • • • Ε. Μ. Π. Dell Gateway Comp. USA Amazon

Introduction: major players • • • Ε. Μ. Π. Dell Gateway Comp. USA Amazon NECX Egghead Buy. com On. Sale. com Outpost. com Shopping. com • • • 18 Billion (1 billion Web) 7. 4 Billion (550 million Web) 5. 3 Billion (357 million Web) 600 Million The Expected 406 Million Growth for 293 Million these 120 Million companies in 57 Million 2001 is at least 23 Million 150% 15 Million * Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce purchased by Compaq for 230 million dollars Εισαγωγή --- 12

Integrated technology: an example IBM’s Net. Commerce Examples of E-Businesses Getting Started Shopping Flow

Integrated technology: an example IBM’s Net. Commerce Examples of E-Businesses Getting Started Shopping Flow The Net. Commerce Product Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 13

E-Commerce technology • Includes tools for a company to set up its E-Business. •

E-Commerce technology • Includes tools for a company to set up its E-Business. • We will review IBM’s Net. Commerce as an example of what one can get from state-of-the-art technology. • Net. Commerce allows the setting of a generic EBusiness without much knowledge of the web, HTML, Java and the like. Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 14

Example E-Businesses • West Food Mart is a retail store selling groceries. The store

Example E-Businesses • West Food Mart is a retail store selling groceries. The store features are simple, allowing a customer to get in and out with a few clicks. Notes: This type of store is appropriate for businesses which target customers, products are familiar, shoppers usually know what to buy, shoppers often buy many items of the same kind. • The Office Window. This is a wholesale store selling furniture and computer equipment. This store groups customers into categories, offers them different offices, offices I. e. , lists of offerings, prices etc. Here each customer must register and is classified by the office administrator. • Metro Mall. Contains several stores, offers generic functionality for payment, shipping, security etc. , which they can all use. Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 15

Getting Started • Determine a site administrator She is responsible for setting up and

Getting Started • Determine a site administrator She is responsible for setting up and managing the high level functions associated with the site, including: store or mall creation, adding/removing stores to a mall, maintaining a list of shipping carriers, … • Determine a store administrator, administrator who is responsible for day-to-day activities associated with running a store, including: entering, updating and deleting data; creating and updating store pages; creating new commands, or replacing overridable functions (which are activated by the site administrator) • For a single-store site, the two positions will usually be filled by one person. • Link up to one or more databases, or create new ones. These store product, customer and other information. Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 16

Storing Models There are three types of store models to choose from: • One-stop

Storing Models There are three types of store models to choose from: • One-stop shop -- shoppers can quickly find and order the product; no registration facility is provided, and only shipping information is required; • Personal delivery shop -- also has a simple navigation structure, but has features for personalizing shopping; shoppers register and have shopping carts; their selections (buying, or placing product in cart) are recorded; shoppers can also have an address book for places they send stuff to; • Business-to-business store model -- this is intended for corporate purchasing; now merchant can group clients into shopper groups (called offices) and offer them different prices; before making a purchase, a client must register and receive approval from an office manager Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 17

Creating a store (or mall) • Choose a store model (among existing models, or

Creating a store (or mall) • Choose a store model (among existing models, or create your own) • [To actually build your store or mall, you can start from a sample and customize it your requirements, or start from scratch. ] • [If you are building a store within a mall, you may use the functions provided by the mall, or override them and build your own for your store. ] • Create a store record, including information about the store and merchant; set up tax rates and define access control. • Set up tasks; a task is a process that you want to customize, such as checking inventory, calculating the price of an item, or handling an exception. • Specify shipping providers. Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 18

Store management information Includes, among other things: • Currency and contact information; • Store

Store management information Includes, among other things: • Currency and contact information; • Store tax rates -- very important, because you can have across-theborder shopping; • Category information -- the store’s merchandise is organized into categories; • Shipping services -- shipping services, options and charges; • Product information -- for products and items (variant products), including SKU#, price, thumbnail and full-size image, … • Discount information; • Shopper groups -- different groups may get different discounts; Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 19

Creating the shopping flow Home page order. List Category pages Product Display Order. Item.

Creating the shopping flow Home page order. List Category pages Product Display Order. Item. Display Ε. Μ. Π. Order status Item. Add/ Display Category Display Shipping details Registration register. Form Order List Place order Interest list Prepare order Order Display Order. Item. List Check out Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Order Process Confirmation page Εισαγωγή --- 20

Net. Commerce features • Single or multiple store and storefront support. • Scalability --

Net. Commerce features • Single or multiple store and storefront support. • Scalability -- server and databases can run on one or more machines. • Multiple platform support -- from laptops to clusters of RS/6000 AIX machines; supports several operating systems including Windows NT and Unix. • System integration support -- with existing systems and databases. • Dynamic page generation -- pages generated dynamically, revised when data change. • Supports multiple natural languages. • Product advisor support -- allows merchant to build a knowledge base of sales questions and answers Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 21

Net. Commerce capabilities • Customer buying groups -- allows some customization of what is

Net. Commerce capabilities • Customer buying groups -- allows some customization of what is offered to whom and at what price. • Reorders -- customers can reorder, instead of always ordering from scratch. • Customer enrolment • Buyer account administration • Product organization • Multiple navigation paths • Tax calculation function • Shipping selection and charges function Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 22

Net. Commerce START Net. Commerce Administrator Net. Commerce Server Commands Tasks Overridable fcns Macros

Net. Commerce START Net. Commerce Administrator Net. Commerce Server Commands Tasks Overridable fcns Macros Store creator Sample stores Site manager Store manager Template designer Payment Server Dynamic Page Cache Web Server Lotus Go Domino Netscape Utilities Mass import DB cleanup. . . Firewall Suppliers Ε. Μ. Π. Shoppers Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Merchants Εισαγωγή --- 23

Net. Commerce PRO Supplier/Seller Business Systems Order mgmt Fulfillment Inventory Supply chain Pricing Sales

Net. Commerce PRO Supplier/Seller Business Systems Order mgmt Fulfillment Inventory Supply chain Pricing Sales tax Accounting Payment Supply Chain Interfaces EDI SAP R/3 Ε. Μ. Π. System Interfaces CICS IMS Product/Catalog Customer service Make to order Data mining Product Advisor Product exploration Catalog builder Sales assistant Product comparison Shopping metaphor Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 24

Historical Development • E-Commerce – Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) • business-to-business e-commerce for the

Historical Development • E-Commerce – Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) • business-to-business e-commerce for the delivery of structured business messages (since 1980) • Standards: – – – ANSI X. 12 EDIFACT (ISO) UN / GTDI (United Nations for Tradacom - an EDI net) SWIFT (propietary by 3600 financial institutions) CALS (Department of Defense - USA) – e-mail • X. 400 Standard • cc: mail (de facto for business-to-business)

Historical Development • Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) – widespread for information and cash delivery

Historical Development • Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) – widespread for information and cash delivery • EPOS and EFTPOS – electronic point-of-sale data used by retailers – funds transfer methods supported (credit cards, digital money, etc. ) • VIDEOTEX – Minitel in FRANCE, BTX in GERMANY • Internet Commerce – following major technological developments

Models • Business-to-Business Opportunities • Supply Chain: Each member adds value to a product

Models • Business-to-Business Opportunities • Supply Chain: Each member adds value to a product and sells it to the next supplier until it reaches the customer • Example: Raw Material Supplier, Manufacturer, Retailer, Consumer ALL participate in the supply-chain through the Internet and also use Banking Services • Today: mostly FAX or regular Post are used • Business-to-Consumer Opportunities • New channel merchants have to reach the customers • targeting consumer groups • Business-to-Government Opportunities • More restrictive because of rigid regulations

Drivers • DRIVERS for the Uptake of E-Commerce – Time-to-market • fast supply-chain –

Drivers • DRIVERS for the Uptake of E-Commerce – Time-to-market • fast supply-chain – Customer Relationships • loyal, happy customers – Reduced Costs • no storage, no intermediaries – Access to the Global Market

EC OBJECTIVES • • • Streamlining Procurement Processes; decrease costs Decrease length of production

EC OBJECTIVES • • • Streamlining Procurement Processes; decrease costs Decrease length of production cycles Achieve closer customer - vendor relationship Enhance Competitiveness and Economic Growth Enable Enterprises to Conduct Business with distant partners • Empower Small Businesses Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 29

CHANGES TO THE SUPPLY CHAIN + variable mark-up PRODUCT OWNER + variable mark-up Distribution

CHANGES TO THE SUPPLY CHAIN + variable mark-up PRODUCT OWNER + variable mark-up Distribution Company Retailer Company CONSUMER TYPICAL SUPPLY-CHAIN ELECTRONIC COMMERCE SUPPLY-CHAIN Standard Cost Shipping Company PRODUCT OWNER Ε. Μ. Π. INTERNET CONSUMER Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 30

LEGAL ISSUES CONSUMER DSS Multimedia OSI ATM Financial Institution Agents TCP/IP Search Engines Bidding

LEGAL ISSUES CONSUMER DSS Multimedia OSI ATM Financial Institution Agents TCP/IP Search Engines Bidding / Negotiations PRODUCT OWNER Retailer Company REGULATORY Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 31

Changes in Organizations -- Transition – positioning for e-commerce • implementing an Intranet (internal

Changes in Organizations -- Transition – positioning for e-commerce • implementing an Intranet (internal communications for a good infrastructure) • links with new suppliers • adapting the legacy systems to a new e-commerce oriented environment – re-engineering the business • adapt organization processes for an e-commerce environment (e. g. , changing or even deleting them) – re-defining the business • outsourcing (even core activities!) • virtual companies

Critical Success factors • Critical Factors for Success – Security • Encryption and other

Critical Success factors • Critical Factors for Success – Security • Encryption and other security technologies (firwalls, smart cards, protocols, etc. ) – Acceptance of new payment methods – Availability of infrastructure and bandwidth – Cost to business and consumers – Legal and regulatory issues • IPR, consumer protection, security regulation, content regulation, cross-border regulation, etc) – Linguistic and cultural issues

Technological Infrastructure Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 34

Technological Infrastructure Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 34

ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES • NETWORKING – high performance, interoperability, protocols, support for interactivity - interoperability,

ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES • NETWORKING – high performance, interoperability, protocols, support for interactivity - interoperability, tele conferencing, etc. • IDENTIFICATION - ENCRYPTION – privacy, security, trust, smartcards • EDI --- BUSINESS MODELS – (financial) data interchange, business processes, business reengineering, electronic money, regulation, etc. • MULTIMEDIA – vast amount of multimedia data, image exchange, compression, user interfaces

Networks • Two main methods are used for transferring ECommerce data: – VAN (Value

Networks • Two main methods are used for transferring ECommerce data: – VAN (Value Added Networks) – Internet Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 36

VAN: Value Added Network • A VAN is a company that provides a telecommunication

VAN: Value Added Network • A VAN is a company that provides a telecommunication service in a common form and allows delivery and receipt of electronic transmissions between companies (the equivalent of the US Postal Service in the “old days. ”) • The most famous VAN is GEISCO - GE Information Services Company (Pronounced Guys Co). • Activities: – Initialization: VAN will set up the trading partners with Mailboxes. – The Buyer and Seller put transactions into and retrieve transactions from their mailboxes on a schedule. – The VAN will sort each parties’ mail and place it in the correct mailbox. On most VAN's this process takes around thirty minutes to an hour. • Heterogeneous VAN communication is common. Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 37

Communication management: an example • The TCP/IP protocol: – Developed by a Department of

Communication management: an example • The TCP/IP protocol: – Developed by a Department of Defense (DOD) research project to generate a network of networks (the "Internet"). – IP (Internet Protocol): Part of the Network layer of the OSI model, Uses a four byte destination address (the IP number, e. g. 130. 132. 59. 234). – Numbers are assigned by the Internet authorities and granted by the organization. An IP router decides where a packet is sent next, by the "clockwise" algorithm, by alternating among algorithms or by identifying least busy links. – TCP (Transmission Control protocol): Part of the transport layer, responsible for verifying the correct delivery of data from client to server; the TCP packet has a header with meta-information about the packet; a socket is a package of subroutines that provide access to TCP/IP on most systems. Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 38

Πλεονεκτήματα από το Internet • • • GLOBAL CONNECTIVITY REDUCED COMMUNICATIONS COST LOWER TRANSACTION

Πλεονεκτήματα από το Internet • • • GLOBAL CONNECTIVITY REDUCED COMMUNICATIONS COST LOWER TRANSACTION COSTS REDUCED AGENCY COSTS INTERACTIVITY, FLEXIBILITY, CUSTOMIZATION • ACCELERATED KNOWLEDGE Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 39

Security, authentication, and privacy • In order to provide a trust-worthy ECommerce, a network

Security, authentication, and privacy • In order to provide a trust-worthy ECommerce, a network should provide the following three capabilities: – Security: the transfer of data is protected from observation or alteration by external parties. – Authentication: the identity of a participant should be authenticated, to prevent frauds. – Privacy: the identity of the customer possibly remains anonymous. Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 41

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) • EDI is a standard of computer to computer interchange

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) • EDI is a standard of computer to computer interchange of business documents in a machine-readable form. • Leading EDI standards: EDIFACT [BERGE 91] (Europe) and ANSI X 12 [HAMILTON 93] (North-America). • A common EDI scenario: – A customer sends an EDI purchase order to a provider (transaction 850). – The provider returns a purchase order acknowledgment to the customer (transaction 855). – At ship time, the provider sends the customer an EDI advance ship notice (ASN) stating the goods to be shipped (transaction 856). – Once the goods have been shipped and billing has been processed, the provider sends the customer an EDI invoice (transaction 810). – The customer sends payment information to its bank, which wires funds to the provider’s bank through electronic funds transfer (EFT) or financial EDI. Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 42

EDI (semi) structure • Components of an EDI message: – data element: a datum

EDI (semi) structure • Components of an EDI message: – data element: a datum identified by a reference number. Examples: date, price, purchase order number, quantity on order. – data segment (or: segments): a sequence of data elements. For example, a purchase order segment consists of part number, part description, quantity, unit of measure and cost. – transaction set (or message): a set of data segments. For example, an invoice (ASC X 12 set number 810). – functional group: a set of similar transactions. – Syntax rules: specifying the grammar for EDI dialogue. Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 43

Expressing EDI messages • EDI can be expressed using OEM [PAPAKONSTANTINOU 95]. • Each

Expressing EDI messages • EDI can be expressed using OEM [PAPAKONSTANTINOU 95]. • Each functional group is represented as a graph: – internal nodes are complex values (e. g. , transaction sets). – leaf nodes are atomic values of data elements. – edges represent semantic relationships and are labeled for naming purposes. • An example <RFQ, REQUEST, “ 912 -111”, “ 03 -01 -1999”, “{524 -32, Terrycloth, 1000, yd} {524 -31, Linencloth, 2000, yd}, “FOB port of call”, “David Richmond”, “(201)222 -4444”> Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 44

ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES • SHARED DATABASES – distributed - autonomous and heterogeneous information sources, web

ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES • SHARED DATABASES – distributed - autonomous and heterogeneous information sources, web databases, electronic catalogues, directories, middleware, servers, etc. • CO-OPERATIVE APPLICATIONS – CSCW, collaborative work, interoperability, intelligent agents, workflows, e-mail • LEGAL and REGULATORY ISSUES – Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), electronic copyright, – Consumer Protection --- Linguistic and Cultural Issues – Regulation for: Security, Content, Cross-Border

Data sources • E-Commerce involves massive data transfer among systems. • This data is

Data sources • E-Commerce involves massive data transfer among systems. • This data is stored, in an electronic form, in data sources. • There are several ways to classify the different types of data sources that might participate in the provision of data in E-Commerce: – Structure of the information source: • Fully structured data, e. g. databases • Semi-structured data, e. g, HTML files, source code files • Unstructured data, e. g. books in electronic form – Basic operations provided for each source: • Query facility: fetch all items x where P(x) • Similarity-based retrieval: fetch items x that are similar to y • Classification: classify x near similar items Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 46

Structured data • A database is a collection of data items, whose structure is

Structured data • A database is a collection of data items, whose structure is defined by a schema (e. g. , a relational schema). • A Database Management System (DBMS) DBMS is a generic system, which supports the construction and access of a database; in particular: – sets up a scalable implementation – provides a data model (e. g. , a relational data model) for defining the schema of a database – provides a basic set of operations for accessing and updating the database (e. g. , relational algebra). – offers a variety of other services, such as concurrency control and error recovery. Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 47

Semi-structured data • Here data have some structure, for example, – HTML/DHTML/XML files --

Semi-structured data • Here data have some structure, for example, – HTML/DHTML/XML files -- consist of text interleaved with HTML formatting commands – Literature files -- have a syntax for references, but the “atoms” of that syntax, such as paper titles, are text – Source code files -- based on the syntax of some programming language – Electronic Data Interchange transmission -- based on standards. Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 48

E-catalogs --- Definition • Any GUI, typically a Web page, that supports • online

E-catalogs --- Definition • Any GUI, typically a Web page, that supports • online shopping, ordering and payment capabilities – A gateway to a gigital version of the business itself (more than a list of products) – Presents a new medium with new capabilities Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 49

E-catalogs -- TYPES • Stand-alone – Independent Web site, primarily for online retailing (e.

E-catalogs -- TYPES • Stand-alone – Independent Web site, primarily for online retailing (e. g. , Amazon) • E-mall – Collection of catalogs for different merchants Internet shopping network) (e. g. , • Embedded – Part of a large corporate web site – Primarily for non-retail (e. g. , marketing, customer support) – Corporations using it include HP, Bank of America, etc. Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 50

E-catalogs vs. Traditional catalogs • Interactivity – Allow two-way communication channel between Business and

E-catalogs vs. Traditional catalogs • Interactivity – Allow two-way communication channel between Business and Consumer in real time – Allow for the development of new and closer relationships between Business and Consumer • Dynamic Updating Capabilities – quickly adapt to market conditions by adapting prices, repackaging, re-channeling, etc. • Global Presence – SMEs can enter the global E-marketplace transcending traditional limitations Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 51

E-catalogs -- Functional Features • Content – SCOPE: products, services, pricing info, detailed descriptions,

E-catalogs -- Functional Features • Content – SCOPE: products, services, pricing info, detailed descriptions, links to other resources, etc. – SEARCH and FILTERING • Presentation – LAYOUT: spatial arrangement of the catalog and MM use – UI and HCI (Human Computer Interaction) • Back-end Processing – Level of Integration (with Company’s databases and legacy systems, with financial institutions) and Interoperability • Usage Tracking – Data Warehousing and Data Mining • Computational Services – Scalability and Efficiency Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 52

Architecture for Data Integration • Applications: – Inf. brokers – Neg. brokers • Architecture:

Architecture for Data Integration • Applications: – Inf. brokers – Neg. brokers • Architecture: – Controller – Wf. MS – Coop. WARE • Infrastructure: – EDI – HTTP – VAN • Data mgmt: – DBMS – HTML – flat files Ε. Μ. Π. Communication: TCP/IP UNIX sockets Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 53

BUSINESS MODELS -- Current State • Most EC Business today are – An online

BUSINESS MODELS -- Current State • Most EC Business today are – An online version of traditional models – An extension of physical businesses that are able to reduce cost and improve customer satisfaction – follow a vertical and rigid supply chain Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 54

BUSINESS MODELS -- Emerging • Virtual Companies and markets – a consortium of companies

BUSINESS MODELS -- Emerging • Virtual Companies and markets – a consortium of companies build on each others’ businesses to exploit opportunities • Open buyer centric markets – comparison shopping • Coalition and outsourcing – e. g. in REAL ESTATE: brokers, banks, escrow (εγγυητές) , lawyers (for title inspection) • Supply chain ---- SUPPLY WEB Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 55

INTERNET & ELECTRONIC COMMERCE • EASY TO LINK WITH OTHER BUSINESSES, CUSTOMERS • CAN

INTERNET & ELECTRONIC COMMERCE • EASY TO LINK WITH OTHER BUSINESSES, CUSTOMERS • CAN UPDATE PRODUCT INFORMATION, ORDERING, CUSTOMER SUPPORT • ON-LINE STOREFRONTS • ENHANCED BUSINESS FORMS Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 56

INTERNET BUSINESS MODELS VIRTUAL STOREFRONT: sells goods, services online (Amazon, Virtual Vineyards, etc. )

INTERNET BUSINESS MODELS VIRTUAL STOREFRONT: sells goods, services online (Amazon, Virtual Vineyards, etc. ) • MARKETPLACE CONCENTRATOR: concentrates information from several providers Insure. Market, Dealer. Net, etc. ) • INFORMATION BROKER: provides product, pricing, availability information Auto-by-Tel, Part. Net, etc) Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 57

INTERNET BUSINESS MODELS • TRANSACTION BROKER: buyers view rates, terms from various sources (E*Trade,

INTERNET BUSINESS MODELS • TRANSACTION BROKER: buyers view rates, terms from various sources (E*Trade, Ameritrade) • ELECTRONIC CLEARINGHOUSE: auction-like setting, products, prices, change in response to demand (Bid. com, On. Sale, etc. ) • REVERSE AUCTION: buyer sets price, submits to multiple sellers (Priceline. com) Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 58

INTERNET BUSINESS MODELS • DIGITAL PRODUCT DELIVERY: sell, download software, other digital products (Sonic.

INTERNET BUSINESS MODELS • DIGITAL PRODUCT DELIVERY: sell, download software, other digital products (Sonic. Net, Build-a-Card, etc. ) • CONTENT PROVIDER: creates revenue through providing client for a fee, and advertising Tripod, Wall Street Journal, etc. ) • ON-LINE SERVICE PROVIDER: provides service, support for hardware, software products Cyber. Media, Tune Up, etc. ) Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 59

ELECTRONIC COMMERCE SUPPORT SYSTEMS • WEB HOSTING SERVICES: provides large servers for Web sites

ELECTRONIC COMMERCE SUPPORT SYSTEMS • WEB HOSTING SERVICES: provides large servers for Web sites of fee-paying customer • ELECTRONIC PAYMENT SYSTEM: using Web for electronic funds transfers, credit , smart & debit cards Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 60

Electronic Commerce Servers • ICAT: on-line catalog shopping, order placement (Icat) • NET. COMMERCE:

Electronic Commerce Servers • ICAT: on-line catalog shopping, order placement (Icat) • NET. COMMERCE: merchant server supporting Secure Electronic Transactions protocol (IBM) • Merchant. Xpert: : search tools, order management, tax, payment, logistics modules (Netscape) • Microsoft - Commerce Server 2000 Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 61

Electronic Commerce Services • OPEN MARKET TRANSACT: customer authentication, order & payment processing, tax,

Electronic Commerce Services • OPEN MARKET TRANSACT: customer authentication, order & payment processing, tax, multi-language customer service (Open Market) • INTERNET COMMERCE SERVER: integrates orders, inventory, customer service, payments (Oracle) Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 62

Supply-Chain Management Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 63

Supply-Chain Management Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 63

Interoperable Commerce • HTML, CORBA, EDI – All suffer from one or more of

Interoperable Commerce • HTML, CORBA, EDI – All suffer from one or more of the following limitations: too expensive, too dumb, a private language between 2 partners, a formatting language • Need an OPEN framework for Electronic Commerce – Standards is one approach - others include: negotiation protocols, mappings from one to another • Need to have a common means to EXCHANGE information between applications required to support EC process flow and fully utilize such components as Databases, EDI, Browsers, Agents, Catalogs, etc. . . – Users need to be able to search for products using catalogs from multiple suppliers Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 64

Requirements for Interoperable Catalogs [Commerce Net Report 1998] • Community Management – enable and

Requirements for Interoperable Catalogs [Commerce Net Report 1998] • Community Management – enable and control access to the procurement system with authorizations • Content Management – enable buyers to find desired items from a very broad and diverse set – create «shopping carts» compatible with general ledger practices – enable procurement officials to review the product ino for compliance • Requisition Management (approval of «shopping carts» ) • Order and Document Management – convert the «shopping cart» to an order which is transmitted electronically the right vendors and reconcilliation of accounts • Management Reporting – meet reporting needs by end users, professional buyers, supplier personnel Ε. Μ. Π. Ι. Βασιλείου --- Electronic Commerce Εισαγωγή --- 65