Introduction to Wellness Fitness and Lifestyle Management Chapter

Introduction to Wellness, Fitness, and Lifestyle Management Chapter 1 Fahey/Insel/Roth, Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 1 Higher Education Wellness: The New Health Goal © 2005 Mc. Graw-Hill

Wellness: The New Health Goal n n Wellness = optimal health and vitality Dimensions of wellness n n n Physical wellness Emotional wellness Intellectual wellness Spiritual wellness Interpersonal and social wellness Environmental, or planetary, wellness Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 1

Wellness Continuum Figure 1. 1 Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 1

New Opportunities, New Responsibilities n n Infectious diseases, caused by invading microorganisms, were the leading causes of death a century ago Chronic diseases, caused by a variety of lifestyle and other factors, are the leading causes of death today Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 1

Public Health Achievements Figure 1. 2 Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 1

Leading Causes of Death Overall n n n Heart disease Cancer Stroke Chronic lower respiratory diseases (emphysema, chronic bronchitis) Unintentional injuries (accidents) Diabetes Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 1

Leading Causes of Death by Age n Ages 15– 24 n n n n Unintentional injuries Homicide Suicide Cancer Heart disease Congenital defects HIV/AIDS n Ages 25– 44 n n n n Unintentional injuries Cancer Heart disease Suicide HIV/AIDS Homicide Chronic liver disease Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 1

Wellness Lifestyle Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 1

Behaviors That Contribute to Wellness n n n Be physically active Choose a healthy diet Maintain a healthy body weight Manage stress effectively Avoid tobacco and drug use and limit alcohol consumption Protect yourself from disease and injury Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 1

Lifestyle and Wellness n More time watching TV = increased risk of obesity and diabetes Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 1

Lifestyle and Wellness n Cigarette smoking = increased risk of lung cancer Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 1

Lifestyle and Wellness n Low intake of fruits and vegetables = increased risk of heart disease Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 1

Lifestyle and Wellness n Few healthy behaviors = increased risk of heart disease Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 1

Benefits of Physical Activity Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 1

Actual Causes of Death in the United States n n n n n Smoking Diet and inactivity** Alcohol Microbial agents Toxic agents Motor vehicles Firearms Sexual behavior Illicit drug use 435, 000 deaths per year 112, 000 85, 000 75, 000 55, 000 43, 000 29, 000 20, 000 17, 000 **Caclulation of the number of deaths due to poor diet and inactivity (obesity) is an area of ongoing controversy and research. Sources: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2005. Frequently Asked Questions About Calculating Obesity-Related Risk (http: //www. cdc. gov/od/oc/media/pressrel/r 050614. htm; retrieved June 28, 2005). Mokdad, A. H. , et al. 2004. Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000. Journal of the American Medical Association 291(10): 1238– 1245. Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 1

The Role of Other Factors in Wellness n n n Heredity Environment Health care Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 1

Family Health History (www. hhs. gov/familyhistory) Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 1

National Wellness Goals n n U. S. government’s national Healthy People initiative sets goals on 10 -year agendas Major goals of Healthy People 2010: n n Increase quality and years of healthy life Eliminate health disparities among Americans Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 1

Quantity vs. Quality of Life Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 1

Dimensions of Diversity n n Gender Ethnicity Income Education Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 1

Evaluating Sources of Health Information n n Go to the original source Watch for misleading language Distinguish between individual research reports and public health advice Remember that anecdotes are not facts Be skeptical and use your common sense Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 1

Evaluating Sources of Health Information: Internet Resources n n n What is the source of the information? Who is the author or sponsor of the site? How often is the site updated? What is the purpose of the page? Does the site promote particular products or procedures? Are there obvious reasons for bias? What do other sources say about the topic? Does the site conform to any set of guidelines or criteria for quality and accuracy? Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 1

Reaching Wellness Through Lifestyle Management n Getting started: n Examine your current health habits n Choose a target behavior—an isolated behavior selected as the object for a behavior change program n Obtain information about your target behavior n Find outside help if needed Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 1

Building Motivation to Change n n Examining the pros and cons of change Boosting self-efficacy—the belief in one’s ability to take action n n Locus of control: internal versus external Visualization and self-talk Role models and buddies Identifying and overcoming key barriers to change Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 1

Enhancing Your Readiness to Change n n n Precontemplation—no intention of changing behavior Contemplation—intending to take action within 6 months Preparation—planning to take action within a month Action—outwardly changing behavior Maintenance—successful behavior change within the past 6 months Termination Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 1

Create a Behavior Change Plan n 1. Monitor your target behavior and gather data using a health journal. Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 1

Create a Behavior Change Plan 2. Analyze the data you collect and identify patterns relating to your target behavior. 3. Set realistic, specific goals. Break your overall goal into smaller steps and goals. Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 1

Create a Behavior Change Plan 4. Devise a strategy or plan of action: n n n Obtain information and supplies Modify your environment Reward yourself Involve the people around you Plan ahead for challenging situations 5. Make a personal contract Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 1

Behavior Change Contract Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 1

Putting Your Plan into Action n n n Commitment Strategies from behavior change plan Belief that you are the “boss” Change-friendly environment Support Rewards Congratulate yourself Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 1

Staying With It n n n Social influences Levels of motivation and commitment Choice of techniques and level of effort Stress barrier Procrastinating, rationalizing, and blaming Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 1

Being Fit and Well for Life n n n First attempts may only involve the planning stage Need to develop certain skills Do not expect to master everything quickly and with ease Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 1