Introduction to the new mainframe LargeScale Commercial Computing

Introduction to the new mainframe: Large-Scale Commercial Computing Chapter 3: Scalability © Copyright IBM Corp. , 2006. All rights reserved.

Introduction to the new mainframe Chapter objectives Upon completion of this chapter the student should be able to understand: • What scalability means • Differences between scaling in and scaling out • Mainframe’s hardware relationship with scalability • Software scalability levels • Parallel Sysplex relationship with scalability • Workload management main concepts © Copyright IBM Corp. , 2006. All rights reserved. 2

Introduction to the new mainframe Introduction to scalability Some definitions: Ø Hardware capability of a system to increase performance under an increased load when resources are added (From Wikipedia Encyclopedia http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Scalability) Ø Software ability to grow with your needs. A scalable software package means that you only buy the parts you need, and that it has the ability to grow by adding on as you grow. (From The Concise Tech Encyclopedia: http: //www. tech-encyclopedia. com/term/scalability) © Copyright IBM Corp. , 2006. All rights reserved. 3

Introduction to the new mainframe Scalability concepts Ø Scalability approaches ü Scale vertically or scale up : add resource to a single node in a system ü Scale horizontally or scale out : add nodes to a system © Copyright IBM Corp. , 2006. All rights reserved. 4

Introduction to the new mainframe Scalability concepts Ø Scalability influences ü Vertically growth : Upgrade the installed server processor capacity to a larger one within the same family ü Horizontally growth through Parallel Sysplex: add processor capacity by adding more servers in a cluster. © Copyright IBM Corp. , 2006. All rights reserved. 5

Introduction to the new mainframe Scalability influences : be realistic IBM System z 20000 15000 Linear growth 10000 Sublinear Performance 5000 31 29 27 25 23 21 19 17 15 13 9 11 7 5 3 0 1 Relative Performance 25000 Nways © Copyright IBM Corp. , 2006. All rights reserved. 6

Introduction to the new mainframe Scalability concepts Provisioning is the end-to-end capability to automatically deploy and dynamically optimize resources in response to business objectives in heterogeneous environments. Øhelps to respond to changing business Øis a critical step to being able to then orchestrate the entire environment to respond to business needs on demand. © Copyright IBM Corp. , 2006. All rights reserved. 7

Introduction to the new mainframe IBM System z implementation – Hardware scalability System I/O Bandwidth 172. 8 GB/sec Balanced System CPU, n. Way, Memory, I/O Bandwidth* 96 GB/sec 24 GB/sec GBs 512 GB 256 GB 64 GB 288. 15 450 ~ 600 ITRs for 1 way 16 -way 32 -way 54 -way CP Us *z 9 -109 exploits a subset of its designed I/O capability ITR = Internal Throughput Rate System z 9 109* z. Series 990 z. Series 900 Generation 6 Generation 5 © Copyright IBM Corp. , 2006. All rights reserved. 8

Introduction to the new mainframe IBM System z processors Z 9 Model 38 Configuration Processor Book 3 Processor Book 0 Processor Book 1 Processor Book 2 Memory Cards L 2 Cache PU PU PU 8 MBA Fanout PU PU Ring L 2 Cache Structure PU PU 8 MBA Fanout 16 STIs PU PU PU PU 8 MBA Fanout 16 STIs Ring Structure L 2 Cache 16 STIs @ 2. 7 GB/sec STI-MP & STI-A 8 I/O Ports FICON Express 2 I/O Cage OSA-Express 2 STI-MP & STI-A 8 ICB-4 2 GB/sec § § 1 GB/sec 500 MB/sec 333 MB/sec Speed set based on I/O type I/O Card. I/O Ports ESCON I/O Cage Crypto Express 2 Note: Each MBA Fanout card has 2 STI ports. STI connectivity is normally balanced across all installed Books MBA supports 2 GB/sec for ICB 3 and ICB-4 and 2. 7 GB/sec for I/O channels. ICB-3 actually run at 1 GB/sec © Copyright IBM Corp. , 2006. All rights reserved. 9

Introduction to the new mainframe Operating system scalability © Copyright IBM Corp. , 2006. All rights reserved. 10

Introduction to the new mainframe Scalability of IBM System z – Parallel Sysplex Coupling Facility Z 9 EC Z 9 BC SYSPLEX Timer Z 9 EC ESCON/FICON Z 9 BC Shared Data © Copyright IBM Corp. , 2006. All rights reserved. 11

Introduction to the new mainframe Parallel Sysplex Ø Serialization : to coordinate access to resources • Enqueuing : serialization for a large number of resource • Locking : extremely quick, but only for a small number of resources Ø Communication : Cross-System coupling facility provides simplified multisystep management services withjin a base sysplex configuration © Copyright IBM Corp. , 2006. All rights reserved. 12

Introduction to the new mainframe Parallel Sysplex (Cont. . . ) Ø Data sharing and Coupling facility © Copyright IBM Corp. , 2006. All rights reserved. 13

Introduction to the new mainframe Parallel Sysplex (Cont. . . ) Ø Workload distribution ü Manually ü Round robin ü Dynamic workload distribution ü Workload Management-driven application servers © Copyright IBM Corp. , 2006. All rights reserved. 14

Introduction to the new mainframe Provisioning Ø Dynamic Resource Distribution ü ü Up to 60 logical partitions (LPAR) Each LPAR is completely isolated and protected Processors can be shared Workload Manager (WLM) can distributed processing resources across LPAR clusters ü I/O bandwith can be shared amongs LPARs under WLM control ü Each LPAR has own physical memory, it can be altered dynamically © Copyright IBM Corp. , 2006. All rights reserved. 15

Introduction to the new mainframe Capacity On Demand (Co. D) Co. D encompasses the various capabilities for you o dynamically activate one or more resources in your server as your business peaks dictate. Different Co. D options: Ø Capacity Upgrade on Demand (CUo. D) Ø Customer Initiated Upgrade (CIU) Ø On/Off Capacity on Demand © Copyright IBM Corp. , 2006. All rights reserved. 16

Introduction to the new mainframe Workload Manager (WLM) The idea of Workload Manager is to make a contract between the installation (end user) and the operating system. The installation classifies the work running on the z/OS operating system in distinct service classes and defines goals for them which express the expectation how the work should perform. WLM uses these goal definitions to manage the work across all systems of a parallel sysplex environment. © Copyright IBM Corp. , 2006. All rights reserved. 17

Introduction to the new mainframe WLM Components © Copyright IBM Corp. , 2006. All rights reserved. 18

Introduction to the new mainframe WLM (Cont. . . ) Ø Work unit identification ü Managing Units of Work on z/OS (e. g. A transaction) © Copyright IBM Corp. , 2006. All rights reserved. 19

Introduction to the new mainframe WLM (Cont. . . ) Ø Defining the service level ü Importance of a goal ü Adjustment routine ü Workload Management controls © Copyright IBM Corp. , 2006. All rights reserved. 20

Introduction to the new mainframe WLM (Cont. . . ) Ø WLM extensions Ø Intelligent Resource Director (IRD) ü CPU LPAR management ü Dynamic channel path management ü I/O Priority © Copyright IBM Corp. , 2006. All rights reserved. 21

Introduction to the new mainframe Summary The New Mainframe: • • is scalable On hardware and software level Parallel Sysplex is involved WLM © Copyright IBM Corp. , 2006. All rights reserved. 22

Introduction to the new mainframe Key terms in this chapter • • • Access time CF Co. D Communication Coupling facility Enqueuing IRD ITR Locking • • • LPAR Parallel Sysplex Provision Scalability Scale in Scale out Serialization SLA WLM Workload © Copyright IBM Corp. , 2006. All rights reserved. 23