Introduction to the Instructional Design Process Questions to

Introduction to the Instructional Design Process

Questions to Consider �What are the components of a comprehensive instructional design plan? �What premises underline the instructional design process? �What benefits can result from applying the instructional design process? �What is the value of instructional design to teachers? �What is the relationship between instructional design and human-performance technology? Dr. Joseph Mior 2

Goal of Instructional Design �To make learning more efficient and effective �To make learning less difficult Dr. Joseph Mior 3

Instructor vs. Designer �Subject-matter expert or instructor approaches course design from content perspective of what to cover. �Instructional designer approaches the task by first defining the problem and then determining what knowledge and skills are needed to solve the problem. �Instructional design process focuses on what the learner “needs to know”. Dr. Joseph Mior 4

Education vs. Training �Both are concerned with learning. �One of the goals of formal education is to prepare an individual to be a contributing member of society. �Focus is quite broad. �Training in organizational setting is defined by the information need to perform a specific task or related tasks. Dr. Joseph Mior 5

Academic Education and Training Programs �Specific job training tends to have precise, immediate requirements with identifiable and often measureable outcomes. �Formal education tends to have broader purposes and more generalized objectives. Dr. Joseph Mior 6

What is Instructional Design? �Using a systematic design process �Based on what we know about: �Learning theories �Information technology �Systematic analysis �Educational research �Management methods Dr. Joseph Mior 7

ID Approach Focus �What level of readiness do individual students need for achieving the objectives? �What instructional strategies are most appropriate in terms of objectives and learner characteristics? �What technology or other resources are most suitable? �What support is need for successful learning? �How is achievement of objectives measured? �What revisions are necessary? Dr. Joseph Mior 8

Instructional Development �The production process �The translation of the instructional design plan into instructional material such as �Print �Video �Multimedia Dr. Joseph Mior 9

Instructional Design Premises Requires attention to both a systematic procedure (orderly, logical method of identifying, developing, and evaluating set of strategies) and specificity for treating details within the plan. 2. Starts by identifying an instructional problem. 1. Identify the performance problem and then uses a variety of tools to determine what knowledge and skills are need to solve the problem. Dr. Joseph Mior 10

Instructional Design Premises 3. Design plan is developed primarily for use by the instructional designer and planning team. 4. While planning, every effort is made to provide for a level of satisfactory achievement rather than the minimal achievement for all learners. 5. Success of instructional product dependent on accuracy of information flowing into the design process. Creating instruction for task that is not a performance problem not likely to lean to improvement in performance. Dr. Joseph Mior 11

Instructional Design Premises 6. Focuses on the individual rather than what content to cover. 7. There is no single best way to design instruction. Dr. Joseph Mior 12

Design Model Framework for Systematic Instructional Planning Learners Objectives Methods Evaluation Dr. Joseph Mior 13

Four Fundamental Questions �For whom is the program developed �Characteristics of learners/trainees �What do you want them to learn or demonstrate �Objectives �How is the objective content or skill best learned �Instructional strategies �How do you determine the extent to which learning is achieved �Evaluation procedures Dr. Joseph Mior 14

Design Model �Instructional Problems �Identify the needs or performance problem �Learner and Context �Define the characteristics of the target audience who are not performing as expected �Task Analysis �Determine what knowledge and procedures yu need to include to help learner master objectives �Instructional Objectives �Specify exactly what the learner must master Dr. Joseph Mior 15

Components of Instructional Design Plan Outcomes Teaching/Learning Resources Content Learner Characteristics Teaching/Learning Strategies

Evaluation �Formative and Revision �Informs how well the instructional program is serving the objectives as it progresses. �Summative �Evaluates effectiveness of final materials �Confirmative �Determines if course of instruction remains appropriate over time. Dr. Joseph Mior 17

Answering the Critics �ID process would only be mechanistic if elements were treated in a fragmented manner rather than integrated approach. �A humanistic approach to instruction recognizes the individual learner in terms of: �His or her own capabilities �Individual differences �Present ability levels �Personal development Dr. Joseph Mior 18

CURRICULUM FRAMEWORK Workplace Needs Emerging Trends in Field Stakeholder Input Program Learning Outcomes College Policy Technology & Resources Government Guidelines Course Learning Outcomes Learners Learning Activities Assessment Learning Resource Materials Belief Systems April/07 Learning Principles Design Principles Adapted from Eastern Region Curriculum Development Program: Aligning and Building Curriculum (ABC)