Introduction to the Human Body Your independent exploration

Introduction to the Human Body Your independent exploration of the human body Click here to begin!

Back Introducing the Human Body � Throughout this year, you will be learning about all the aspects of biology. One question you might have is, “How does biology relate to me? ” Well, the answer is simple; biology is all about you! Everything that we will discuss this year is related to you. To understand these relationships, you must first learn more about yourself. � In this activity, you will explore seven major organ systems that make up the human body. At the end of this activity, there will be a multiple choice quiz. In order to complete this activity, you must pass the quiz and email your teacher the ‘secret password’. Explore each system

Back The Human Body Nervous System Pick your system! Digestive System Reproductive System Cardiovascular System Excretory System Musculoskeletal System Explore the human body online Integumentary System Take the quiz!

Nervous System Overview Back � The nervous system controls and coordinates functions of the body and allows the body to respond to internal and external stimuli. The human body's five senses are controlled by the nervous system through sensory receptors. The messages that allow the body to respond to stimuli are called impulses and are transmitted by cells called neurons. Sensory neurons carry impulses from the sensing organs to the spinal cord and brain. Motor neurons carry impulses from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands. Interneurons connect the sensory and motor neurons and carry impulses between them in order to allow the body's nervous system to sense, interpret and react to stimuli. Back to Body Systems Extra information can be found here! Organs

Nervous System Organs Back � The divisions of the nervous system include the central and peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord and it works to relay messages, process, and analyze information. The peripheral nervous system is made up of all the nerves and associated cells that are not part of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system transmits the messages to and from the central nervous system and the muscles and glands. Back to Body Systems Analogy

Nervous System Analogy � The Back body's nervous system is a lot like sending a letter in the mail. For example, pretend you are a pain stimulus (such as a hot plate) and your friend is a brain. You send a letter (a message) that says HOT! to your friend through the post office. The mailman acts as an impulse because he transmits the message to your friend (the brain). Your friend, the brain, then responds with a message (letter) sent back to you that says STOP TOUCHING! Once again, the message is transmitted via impulse (mailman). Back to Body Systems

Excretory System Overview Back � The excretory system eliminates waste products from the body in ways that maintain homeostasis. In order to maintain homeostasis, the body must regulate itself, including its' waste products. Body wastes include salts, carbon dioxide, and urea (a toxic compound produced during energy reactions in cells); excretion helps rid the body of these potential poisons. Back to Body Systems Extra information can be found here! Organs

Excretory System Organs � Back The structures involved in this system are the skin, lungs, kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. The skin excretes excess water and salts and urea in the form of sweat. The lungs excrete carbon dioxide gas through exhalation. The kidneys remove waste products from the blood, maintain blood p. H, and regulate the water concentration of the blood. The kidneys are involved in filtration of the blood, reabsorption into the bloo and urine formation. The ureter, bladder and urethra all assist the kidneys in excreting waste products from filtration through urine. Back to Body Systems Analogy

Excretory System Analogy � The Back excretory system is a lot like a recycling factory. The used materials that come into the factory (waste) are filtered into usable and unusable parts. The usable material is treated and reintroduced into society by the factory machines (kidneys) while the unusable material (urea, salt, and excess water) is disposed of (much like urine). Back to Body Systems

Digestive System Overview Back � The digestive system converts foods into simpler molecules that can be used by the cells of the body. The digestive system also absorbs food and eliminates waste in order to regulate itself. Back to Body Systems Extra information can be found here! Organs

Digestive System Organs � Back The digestive system is made up of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and rectum. The mouth helps break down foods both physically and chemically by chewing and saliva production, respectively. The esophagus is the food tube through which food travels from the mouth to the stomach. The stomach is responsible for the mechanical and chemical digestion through churning and mixing the food with stomach acids. The small intestine is responsible for the majority of chemical digestion and absorption of desired nutrients. The large intestine removes water from the undigested material that is left and the remaining undigested material is eliminated from the body through the rectum. Back to Body Systems Analogy

Digestive System Analogy � The Back digestive system is like a power plant. The plant utilizes material to convert to energy. Once the material is used up (much like food) the power plant removes the waste created and continues the process in order to maintain energy levels. Back to Body Systems

Cardiovascular System Overview Back � The cardiovascular system includes the circulatory system and respiratory system. The circulatory system brings oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells. It also fights infection, removes cell waste, and helps regulate body temperature. The respiratory system provides oxygen needed for cellular respiration and removes excess carbon dioxide from the body. Back to Body Systems Extra information can be found here! Organs

Cardiovascular System Organs � Back The structures involved in the circulatory system are the heart, blood vessels and blood. The blood acts as a carrier for nutrients and oxygen. Blood is pumped by the heart and flows through vessels to all parts of the body. The structures involved in the respiratory system include the nose, pharynx, larynx, bronchioles and lungs. During respiration air moves through the nose, pharynx, larynx, and lungs. After reaching the lungs, the air flows into tiny tubes called bronchioles where gas exchange occurs. Oxygen going into the blood is exchanged for carbon dioxide waste and the waste travels in reverse order and is released from the body as an exhale. Back to Body Systems Analogy

Cardiovascular System Analogy � The Back cardiovascular system is much like highway. Important deliveries (nutrients and oxygen) are carried by trucks (the blood) to and from different parts of a city (the body). The waste material is also carried by trucks (blood) to be disposed of (exhalation). Back to Body Systems

Musculoskeletal System Overview Back � The musculoskeletal system includes the muscular and skeletal systems. The skeletal system supports the body, protects internal organs, allows movement, stored mineral reserves, and provides a site for blood cell formation. The muscular system works with the skeletal system to produce voluntary movement, circulate blood, and move through the digestive system. Extra information can be found here! Back to Body Systems AND HERE! Organs

Musculoskeletal System Organs Back � The skeletal system is made up of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons. These structures work together to allow support and desired movement of the body. The muscular system is made up of skeletal muscle (attached to bones), smooth muscle (controlled nonvoluntarily such as the digestive muscles moving food) and cardiac muscle (the heart). These three types of muscles work together to provide internal and external movement for the body. Back to Body Systems Analogy

Musculoskeletal System Analogy � The Back musculoskeletal system is like a car. The skeleton is like the car frame and the muscles are like the wheels. The car frame gives the car its structure and supports the car. The wheels allow the car to move. Back to Body Systems

Reproductive System Overview Back � The reproductive system produces reproductive cells and in females, the reproductive system nurtures and protects developing embryo. The reproductive system is responsible for creating the sperm cells in males and egg cells in females. The reproductive system is the only way for species to form new individuals, without it, new life could not be created. Explore the male reproductive system Back to Body Systems Explore the female reproductive system Organs

Reproductive System Organs reproductive system includes testes, epididymus, vas deferens, urethra and penis (in males); and ovaries, Fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina (in females). The main purpose of the male reproductive system is to produce and deliver sperm for embryo fertilization. The main purpose of the female reproductive system is to produce ova. The female reproductive system also prepares the female's body to nourish a developing embryo. Back � The Back to Body Systems Male Female Analogy

Reproductive System Analogy � The Back reproductive system is a lot like a teddy bear factory. For example, the male reproductive system is the stuffing of a teddy bear and the female reproductive system is the furry bear-shaped casing. The two systems work together to produce a teddy bear suitable to use. However, if one of the systems was not present, the teddy bear could not be formed completely. Without the systems working together, new life cannot occur. Back to Body Systems

Integumentary System Overview Back � The integumentary system serves as a barrier against infection and injury. This system works to help regulate body temperature, helps eliminate waste products from the body, and it provides protection against ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Back to Body Systems Extra information can be found here! Organs

Integumentary System Organs Back � The integumentary system is made up of the skin, hair, nails, sweat, and oil glands. Skin and nails protect the body from the environment and other dangers. Hair on the head protects the scalp from UV rays while hairs is the nostrils, ears and around the eyes help to catch dirt and debris before it enters the body. Sweat is a release of excess water and urea, which is a waste product. Back to Body Systems Analogy

Integumentary System Analogy � The Back integumentary system is a lot like the outside of a house. Like the system, the external house has many different parts that aid in protecting the inside. For example, walls keep out unwanted guests. The roof protects the house from harsh weather conditions and the doors help keep out dangers while letting in desired guests. Screened windows allow air in while keeping the house clear of unwanted materials. Back to Body Systems

Quiz Question # 1 � Which type of muscle is labeled I in the Venn diagram shown in Figure 32 -4? ◦ ◦ Cardiac Filament Skeletal Smooth Figure 32 -4 Back to Body Systems Back

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Quiz Question # 2 �A Back tissue is observed to contain nerve cells, muscle fibers, and oil glands. Where is this tissue found? ◦ ◦ Dermis Epidermis Hair Nails Back to Body Systems

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Quiz Question # 3 Back � Epithelial cells are similar to the shingles of a roof in that they are both flat and overlap. How does this structure aid in their function? ◦ ◦ It It allows Back to Body Systems the individual cells to shed more easily. the whole structure of the skin to be lightweight. them to form a barrier to the outside. them to use small amounts of space.

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Quiz Question # 4 � Leukemia Back results when an excess of defective blood cells are produced. These defective cells interfere with the production of normal blood cells. Which of the following treatments would most likely help someone with leukemia? ◦ ◦ Blood transfusion Bone marrow transplant Muscle relaxers Skin graft Back to Body Systems

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Quiz Question # 5 � What Back is the possible explanation for the location of the nerves in Figure 33 -1? ◦ ◦ So So they Back to Body Systems can feel the outside air can be near the stimulus are protected will be closer to the brain

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Quiz Question # 6 � Why is the heavy pressure sensor located where it is shown in Figure 33 -2? ◦ Because heavy pressure must push lower in the skin ◦ Because heavy pressure is more damaging than light pressure ◦ Because heavy pressure is really felt only in the epidermis ◦ Because heavy pressure is not that important Back to Body Systems Back

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Quiz Question # 7 � How Back is the blood located in the vein at C in Figure 34 -2 different than the blood in all other veins of the body? ◦ ◦ It It is rich with oxygen is rich with carbon dioxide doesn’t reach the lung doesn’t reach the heart Back to Body Systems

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Quiz Question # 8 � Which of the following is a function of the circulatory system? ◦ ◦ Remove wastes from the bloodstream Transport materials to fight infections Transport gases out of the body Produce digestive enzymes Back to Body Systems Back

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Quiz Question # 9 � Which best describes the difference between chemical and mechanical digestion? ◦ Chemical digestion requires the use of enzymes, mechanical digestion does not involve enzymes ◦ Chemical digestion occurs only in the small intestine, mechanical digestion occurs in all digestive organs ◦ Chemical digestion involves physically breaking down food, mechanical digestion breaks the bonds in foods ◦ Chemical digestion occurs only when the body’s p. H is acidic, mechanical digestion requires alkaline surroundings Back to Body Systems Back

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Quiz Question # 10 � Which of the following is not part of the male reproductive system? ◦ ◦ Uterus Testes Epididymus Vas Deferens Back to Body Systems Back

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Congratulations! � You Back have completed this activity. Great job! ◦ In order to earn credit for this activity, you must email your teacher with the following password: Back to Body Systems The password is: Teacher Email: Niles and Frasier asteinman@bloomfield. org Close Activity