Introduction to the Course COMPUTER ORIENTATION PACKAGES Prepared

Introduction to the Course … COMPUTER ORIENTATION & PACKAGES Prepared By: AHSAN RIAZ Lecturer Business Administration Dept GC University FSD. Email: ras 4002@yahoo. com Mc. Graw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Course Books • COMPUTER ORIENTATION & PACKAGES • Text Book – Introduction to Computers by Peter Norton , Sixth Edition, Published by Mc. Graw Hill (Year: 2006) Published By: Mc. Graw Hill

Assessment & Evaluation Plan • • • Quizzes & Presentations Assignment Mid Term Final Term Class Participation & Attendance – Semester Plan • Quizzes • Assignments • Mid Term • Final Term • Project / Presentation 10% 25% 50% 5%

Computer Science is… … not just computer programming. It is a science It is an art It is practical It cuts across many disciplines

Computer Science is… … not just computer programming. … as necessary as bread and water. Computers are as common as bread. You don’t have to know how to bake it, but it can be fun to learn.

Computer Science is… … not just computer We aim to convince you programming. of this fact during this course. … as necessary as bread and water. … very exciting.

About the course… Mc. Graw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

This course aims to teach … After studying this course the students should be able to: • Describe operations and functions of computers. • Demonstrate ability to use the computer in learning. • Demonstrate the ability to utilize their knowledge in problem solving. • Demonstrate the ability to use MS Word for creating professional business documents (creating letterheads, labels, envelops, mail merge). • Demonstrate the ability to use MS Excel for data analysis. • Demonstrate the ability to use MS Power Point for preparing presentations

At the end of this course, you will be able to… … use Office tools extensively. … know what is inside the computer box.

Learning • Is best done by doing. • DO NOT let your friends help you. You WILL fail your lab if you do. • If you help someone, NEVER take over the keyboard. Try to give the smallest of hints.

What is Information Technology What is it, and what can it do? Mc. Graw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

What is a Information Technology? • [Information Technology Association of America (ITAA)] – IT is the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems, particularly software applications and computer hardware. IT deals with the use of electronic computers and computer software to convert, store, protect, process, transmit, and securely retrieve information.

About Computers… What is it, and what can it do? Mc. Graw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Computer Defined • • Electronic device Converts data into information • A Computer is an electronic device used to process data, converting the data into information that is useful to people [Norton] • Computer is an electronic device that is used to solve various problems according to a set of instructions given to it. A computer can accept data, process data into useful information and 1 A-14 store it for later use. [IT Series]

What is a computer? Input Processing / Computation Output

Parts of the Computer System • Computer systems have four parts – Hardware – Software – Data – User

Parts of the Computer System • Hardware - physical parts of the computer – Mechanical devices in the computer – Anything that can be touched • Software - instructions to the computer – Tell the computer what to do – Also called a program – Thousands of programs exist

Parts of the Computer System • Data - raw facts the computer can manipulate – Pieces of information – Computer organize and present data • Users • People - also known as users – People operating the computer – Most important part – Tell the computer what to do

Characteristics of Computer • Speed – The time used by a computer to perform an operation is called the Processing Speed. Computer Speed is measured in MHz or GHz. • Storage – Computer can store large amount of data permanently. Different type of data can be store like Text, Graphics, Audio and Video files. • Processing – A computer process given instruction like addition, subtraction, etc. It can also perform logical functions like comparing two numbers to decide which one is greater.

Characteristics of Computer (Cont. ) • Accuracy (Means Without Errors) – Computer can process large amounts of data and generate error-free results. • Recalling – A computer can recall the store data and information as and when required. • Control Sequence – A computer works strictly according to the given instructions. It follows the same sequence that is given in a program. • Consistency – Computer work in consistent way. It does not become tired or bored. It perform all jobs with same attention.

Characteristics of Computer (Cont. ) • Communication – Most computer now a days can communicate with other computers. We can connect two or more computer with communication device like modem. These computers can share data & information. • Versatile – A computer can perform different tasks. We can use computer in bank, home or hospital. A varity of facilities are available through computers. • No Feelings – Computer has no feelings. It cannot accept feelings as input. It cannot work according to the mood of the user like sorrows and happiness. This is a disadvantage.

Characteristics of Computer (Cont. ) • No Intelligence – Computer itself is not intelligent. It perform all the functions according to the given instructions. It uses human beings intelligence. • Cost Reductions – Computer can perform task in less time and less cost. Example we have to hire many people in an office to manage work. The same work can be performed by single person with the help of computer. It reduces cost.

Introducing Computer Systems Mc. Graw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Computers For Individual Use • Desktop computers – The most common type of computer – Sits on the desk or floor – Performs a variety of tasks – Easy to use and efficient – Use in schools, homes, offices – Large in size with variety in specifications 1 A-24

Computers For Individual Use • Workstations – Specialized computers – Optimized for science or graphics – More powerful than a desktop – Specialized single-user computers – Use by scientist, engineers and animators – Greater-than-average speed – Perform sophisticated task more efficiently – Large & high-resolution monitors

Computers For Individual Use • Notebook computers – Small portable computers – Weighs between 3 and 8 pounds – About 8 ½ by 11 inches – Typically as powerful as a desktop – Can include a docking station – Also called Laptops – Smaller in size – Belongs to the category of Mobile devices – Docking station 1 A-26

Computers For Individual Use • Tablet computers – Newest development in portable computers – Input is through a pen – Run specialized versions of office products – Lighter than laptops – Portable and full-featured computers – Accept input from a special pen- stylus or digital pen – Belongs to the category of Mobile devices – Docking stations 1 A-27

Computers For Individual Use • Handheld computers – Very small computers – Personal Digital Assistants (PDA) – Note taking or contact management – Data can synchronize with a desktop – Fit in hand. – Featured with cellular telephones, cameras, music players. 1 A-28

Computers For Individual Use • Smart phones – Hybrid of cell phone and PDA – Web surfing, e-mail access – Cellular phones – Features like: web, e-mail access & special software

Computers For Organizations • Network servers – Centralized computer – All other computers connect – Provides access to network resources – Multiple servers are called server farms – Often simply a powerful desktop 1 A-30

Computers For Organizations • Mainframes – Used in large organizations – Handle thousands of users – Users access through a terminal 1 A-31

Computers For Organizations • Minicomputers – Called midrange computers – Power between mainframe and desktop – Handle hundreds of users – Used in smaller organizations – Users access through a terminal 1 A-32

Computers For Organizations • Supercomputers – The most powerful computers made – Handle large and complex calculations – Process trillions of operations per second – Found in research organizations 1 A-33

Computers In Society • More impact than any other invention – Changed work and leisure activities – Used by all demographic groups • Computers are important because: – Provide information to users – Information is critical to our society – Managing information is difficult 1 A-34

Computers In Society • Computers at home – Many homes have multiple computers – Most American homes have Internet – Computers are used for • • 1 A-35 Business Entertainment Communication Education

Computers In Society • Computers in education – Computer literacy required at all levels • Computers in small business – Makes businesses more profitable – Allows owners to manage • Computers in industry – Computers are used to design products – Assembly lines are automated 1 A-36

Computers In Society • Computers in government – Necessary to track data for population • Police officers • Tax calculation and collection – Governments were the first computer users 1 A-37

Computers In Society • Computers in health care – Revolutionized health care – New treatments possible – Scheduling of patients has improved – Delivery of medicine is safer 1 A-38

Chapter 1 A End of Chapter Mc. Graw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 1 B Looking Inside the Computer System Mc. Graw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Information Processing Cycle • • • Steps followed to process data Input Processing Output Storage

Essential Computer Hardware • Computers use the same basic hardware • Hardware categorized into four types

Essential Computer Hardware • Processing devices – Brains of the computer – Carries out instructions from the program – Manipulate the data – Most computers have several processors – Central Processing Unit (CPU) – Secondary processors – Processors made of silicon and copper

Essential Computer Hardware • Memory devices – Stores data or programs – Random Access Memory (RAM) • Volatile • Stores current data and programs • More RAM results in a faster system – Read Only Memory (ROM) • Permanent storage of programs • Holds the computer boot directions

Essential Computer Hardware • Input and output devices – Allows the user to interact – Input devices accept data • Keyboard, mouse – Output devices deliver data • Monitor, printer, speaker – Some devices are input and output • Touch screens

Essential Computer Hardware • Storage devices – Hold data and programs permanently – Different from RAM – Magnetic storage • Floppy and hard drive • Uses a magnet to access data – Optical storage • CD and DVD drives • Uses a laser to access data

Software Runs The Machine • Tells the computer what to do • Reason people purchase computers • Two types – System software – Application software

Software Runs The Machine • System software – Most important software – Operating system • Windows XP – Network operating system (OS) • Windows Server 2003 – Utility • Symantec Anti. Virus

Software Runs The Machine • Application software – Accomplishes a specific task – Most common type of software • MS Word – Covers most common uses of computers

Computer data • Fact with no meaning on its own • Stored using the binary number system • Data can be organized into files

Computer users • Role depends on ability – Setup the system – Install software – Mange files – Maintain the system • “Userless” computers – Run with no user input – Automated systems

Chapter 1 B End of Chapter Mc. Graw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.