Introduction to The Actiflo Process a compact solution

Introduction to The Actiflo® Process - a compact solution for treatment of drinking water, process water and wastewater

Actiflo® • Actiflo® is a combination of: - Chemical precipitation - Micro-sand enhanced flocculation - Lamella sedimentation

Actiflo® - the Principle Coagulant Micro-sand Polymer Water Primary particles Floc

Actiflo® - Floc 150 m

Actiflo® - Consumables • Coagulant – Aluminium based – Iron based • Flocculant – Organic polymer – Anionic, non-ionic or cationic • Micro-sand – Ordinary silica sand – Effective size ~120 m • Electricity

The Actiflo® Process Sludge Hydrocyclone Micro-sand M M Treated water Coagulant Water Coagulation Injection Maturation Polymer Lamella sedimentation

Actiflo® - Design Criteria Drinking water Wastewater Coagulation 2 min. 1 min. Injection 2 min. 1 min. Maturation 6 min. 2 min. 40 - 60 m/h 80 - 120 m/h Retention time: Overflow rate:

Actiflo® Special Components

Actiflo® - Sand Scraper • Scrapes the micro-sand sludge to the centre of the lamella settler

Actiflo® - Recirculation Line • Transports the micro-sand sludge from the lamella settler to the hydrocyclone • Sand pump – Centrifugal pump with rubber lining – Controlled flow proportional to inlet (approx. 4 -6%) • Piping – Made of PE (poly-ethylene)

Actiflo® - Hydrocyclone • Separates the micro-sand the sludge by means of the centrifugal force Sludge Micro-sand sludge Micro-sand

Actiflo® - Lamellas • Short distance of sedimentation • Laminar upflow • Made of plastic

Actiflo® - Dosing of Reagents • Coagulant – Dosed directly by pumps • Polymer – Matured in a preparation unit • Micro-sand – Dosed directly

Actiflo® Characteristics

Actiflo® - Characteristics • High treatment efficiency • Efficient use of chemicals • Compact system • Short start-up time • Stable process • Versatility

High Treatment Efficiency Wastewater Recipient water Drinking water CSO Primary Tertiary Suspended solids 80 -98% 75 -90% 50 -80% 70 -90% - COD 65 -90% 55 -80% 20 -50% 55 -70% - Total phosphorus 50 -95% 50 -90% - Orthophosphate 50 -98% - - - < 99. 9% Turbidity

Efficient Use of Chemicals Price (EUR) Coagulant 10 g Fe/m 3 1. 30 cent/m 3 Flocculant 1. 0 g/m 3 0. 40 cent/m 3 Sand 4 g/m 3 0. 03 cent/m 3 Electricity 30 Wh/m 3 0. 20 cent/m 3 Total 1. 93 cent/m 3

Compact System Conventional (2 m/h) Ac tif lo ® Lamella type (20 m/h)

Short Start-up Time Inlet Outlet

Stable Process Inlet Outlet

Krüger’s Package Plants Actifloc™ (One line) Actiflo® (One line) Model m 3/h AFP 1 40 APWW 1 80 AFP 2 80 APWW 2 160 AFP 3 160 APWW 3 320 AFP 4 320 APWW 640 APW: Drinking water and process water type, APWW: wastewater type

Applications • Drinking water – Surface water – Ground water – Wash water from filters • Wastewater – Primary – Tertiary – By-pass • Industry – Process water

Actiflo® - Installations • Drinking water – More than 170 installations – Smallest plant: 25 m 3/h (Pakua Shipu, Canada) – Biggest plant: 40, 000 m 3/h (Selangor, Malaysia) • Wastewater – More than 70 installations – Smallest plant: 60 m 3/h (Toyobo, Japan) – Biggest plant: 110, 000 m 3/h (Acheres, France) • Industry – More than 50 installations

Actiflo® Investigations

Actiflo® - Investigations • JAR-tests – Performed in laboratory – Indication of efficiency

Actiflo® - Investigations • Pilot studies – Performed on-site – Process optimisation – Necessary dosing – Efficiency – More than 40 studies performed by Krüger Capacity : 30 -120 m 3/h

Actiflo® - Pilot Studies Drinking water Wastewater

Actiflo® Selected Pilot Studies

Jaslo, Poland Drinking water

Jaslo, Poland Drinking water Dosages Coagulant: 1. 0 mg Al/l Polymer: 0. 30 mg/l

ZWA – Brauchwasserwerk Kriebethal, Germany Process water

ZWA – Brauchwasserwerk Kriebethal, Germany Process water Dosages Coagulant: 1. 0 mg Al/l Polymer: 0. 30 mg/l

Karlskoga, Sweden CSO

Karlskoga, Sweden CSO Dosages Coagulant: 20. 0 -35. 0 mg Fe/l Polymer: 1. 00 -1. 25 mg/l

Berliner Wasserbetriebe, Wasserwerk Friedrichshagen, Germany Filter backwash water

Berliner Wasserbetriebe, Wasserwerk Friedrichshagen, Germany Filter backwash water Dosages Coagulant: 6. 0 -10. 0 mg Fe/l Polymer: 0. 25 -0. 30 mg/l

Kalmar, Sweden Wastewater, tertiary

Kalmar, Sweden Wastewater, tertiary Dosages Coagulant: 2. 0 – 4. 0 mg Al/l Polymer: 0. 70 mg/l

Actiflo® Selected Full-scale Installations

GELITA Sweden AB Process water • Capacity: 320 m 3/h • Contract signed in June 2004 • Package plant in one line • Start-up in January 2005

GELITA Sweden AB Process water, 320 m 3/h Dosages Coagulant: 5. 0 mg Al/l Polymer: 0. 20 mg/l

Eslöv, Sweden Wastewater • Capacity: 250 m 3/h • Contract signed in April 2004 • Package plant in two lines • Start-up in January 2005

Eslöv, Sweden Wastewater, 250 m 3/h Dosages Coagulant: 40 -80 mg Fe/l Polymer: 2. 0 mg/l

Bäckhammars Bruk, Kristinehamn, Sweden Process water, 2. 000 m 3/h

Bäckhammars Bruk, Kristinehamn, Sweden Process water, 2. 000 m 3/h Raw water 7, 5 m Process Water 31 m

Bäckhammars Bruk, Kristinehamn, Sweden Process water, 2. 000 m 3/h Dosages Coagulant: 6 -7 mg Al/l Polymer: 0. 3 mg/l

Borås, Sweden Wastewater, tertiary 5, 400 m 3/h 2, 700 m 3/h 27 m Existing lamella separators 53 m 2, 700 m 3/h Ac tiflo 6. 3 m ® Effluent

Borås, Sweden Wastewater, tertiary, 2, 700 m 3/h

Borås, Sweden Wastewater, tertiary, 2, 700 m 3/h Dosages Coagulant: 6 -10 mg Al/l Polymer: 0. 7 -1. 0 mg/l

Borås, Sweden Wastewater, tertiary, 2, 700 m 3/h

Actiflo® Conclusion • Versatile process • Some of the advantages are : – Compact system small foot print low installation costs – High treatment efficiency superior effluent quality – Flexible process easy to optimise – Short start-up time almost no “dead time” – Stable process handles extreme conditions – Simple easy to operate • Well documented efficiency – More than 300 installations since 1991 (~ 970. 000 m 3/h)