Introduction to TCPIP and Internet Governance Sirak Kaewjamnong

Introduction to TCP/IP and Internet Governance Sirak Kaewjamnong 1

What is TCP/IP l Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol l TCP/IP refers to an entire suite of networking protocol, developed for use on the Internet. l TCP and IP are certainly two of the most important. 2

TCP/IP Characteristics TCP/IP provides the services necessary to interconnect computers and to interconnect networks, creating the Internet. l Independent from underlying network topology, physical network hardware, and OS. l Unique IP address l Universal connectivity through out the network l 3

TCP/IP Internetworking 4

TCP/IP Networking Software l TCP/IP protocol suites define a set of universal communication service/ l Service can be implemented in standardized manner in the networking software, normally bundled in OS. 5

TCP/IP and Internet l l l 1957 USSR Spunik , USA establish ARPA 1969 ARPA funded ARPANET 1971 Network with 15 nodes 1973 Ethernet (Bob Metcalfe, Ph. D. Dissertation) 1983 TCP/IP as a core protocol 1983 BSD 4. 2 (U. Berkeley ) with TCP/IP 6

TCP/IP Implementations l l l 1983 4. 2 BSD: first widely available TCP/IP release 1986 4. 3 BSD: performance improvements 1988 4. 3 BSD Tahoe: add slow start, congestion avoidance and fast retransmit 1990 4. 3 BSD Reno: add TCP header prediction. SLIP compression, new routing table 1993 4. 4 BSD: add multicasting 7

Internet Growth http: //www. internetworldstats. com/stats. htm 8

Internet l The world wide group of networks combined with TCP/IP l Who control Internet? No single administrative organization l IETF determines standards l industry also preemptive control standards l 9

Internet Technical Bodies Structure ISOC Internet Society n n IAB Internet Architecture Board Internet Engineering Task Force n n A forum of working groups managed by Internet Engineering Steering Group Develop of protocols and specifications for standardization n n International, nonprofit organization Promote research and other activities relating to the Internet Technical Advisor to the ISOC Oversee the development of TCP/IP protocol IRSG IESG Internet Research Task Force n W G WG IETF W G WG IRTF n A forum of working groups managed by Internet Research Steering Group Conduct long-term research 10

Internet Registries l IP addresses space, Autonomous System Numbers (ASN), reverse resolution ARIN : North America l APNIC : Asia-Pacific l RIPE : Europe l AFRINIC : Africa l LACNIC : Latin American and Caribbean l 11

Standard track Internet Standard Process Internet Draft draft version for informal review and comment RFC official publication for Internet standard and other publications Proposed Standard entry-level, protocol specifications should be stable technically Draft Standard at least 2 independence and interoperable implementation that test all specification functions Internet Standard have had significant field use and clear community interest in production use. 12

ICANN Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers l Formed in October 1998 l Internationalization of Policy Functions for DNS and IP Addressing systems and Private Sector (Non-governmental) Management 13

What does ICANN do? l Coordinates policies relating to the unique assignment of: l Top Level Domain Names (g. TLDs, c. TLDs) l IP Address l Protocol Port and Parameter Numbers l. Coordinates - the DNS Root Server System through Root Server System Advisory Committee Source: Andrew Mc. Laughlin 14

Does ICANN regulate/govern? ICANN coordinates. l What ICANN is NOT l Technical Standard-Setting Body l Internet Police Force l Consumer Protection Agency l Competition Authority l Legislature or Court l Source: Andrew Mc. Laughlin 15

Situation Before ICANN Most Internet DNS and IP Address coordination functions performed by, or on behalf of, the US government l l Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) l Information Sciences Institute (ISI) of University of Southern California l Stanford Research Institute (SRI) National Science Foundation (NSF) l IBM, MCI, and Merit l AT&T, General Atomics, Network Solutions, Inc. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) US Department of Energy Source: Andrew Mc. Laughlin 16

IANA Jon Postel 1943 -1998 Source: Andrew Mc. Laughlin 17

What are the IANA functions? Protocol parameter assignments l Under March 1, 2000 IETF/IAB/ICANN Memorandum of Understanding l IP Address Allocations l DNS root zone file management l Source: Andrew Mc. Laughlin 18

Need for Change w w w Globalization of Internet Commercialization of Internet Need for accountability Need for more formalized management structure Dissatisfaction with lack of competition Trademark/domain name conflicts Source: Andrew Mc. Laughlin 19

Status of Transition from USG l l l 25 November, 1998 - ICANN recognized in Mo. U June, 1999 - Cooperative agreement among ICANN, US Government, root server operators 10 November, 1999 • ICANN and Network Solutions sign g. TLD registry and registrar agreements • Do. C transfers root authority over g. TLDs to ICANN 9 February, 2000 • Contract with US Government to complete transfer of IANA functions Year 2000: l cc. TLD registry agreements l RIR (Regional Internet Registries) agreements l LACNIC and Afri. NIC Source: Andrew Mc. Laughlin 20

ICANN Structure ICANN Board of Directors 18]Directors + President and CEO[ Domain Name Supporting Organization 3]Directors[ Protocol Supporting Organization 3]Directors[ At Large Membership APNIC IETF At Large Members Non-Commercial ARIN W 3 C ISPs RIPE NCC ITU-T Address Supporting Organization 3]Directors[ Business/Commercial cc. TLD Registries 9]Directors[ ETSI g. TLD Registries Registrars Trademark and IP Root Server System Advisory Committee Governmental Advisory Committee Membership Task Force Funding Task Force 21

ICANN Board of Directors At Large Directors: l Karl Auerbach (USA) l Ivan Moura Campos (Brazil) l Frank Fitzsimmons (USA) l Masanobu Katoh (Japan) l Hans Kraaijenbrink (Netherlands) l Andy Mueller-Maguhn (Germany) l Jun Murai (Japan) l Nii Quaynor (Ghana) l Linda S. Wilson (USA) ASO Directors: l Rob Blokzijl (Netherlands) l Lyman Chapin (USA) l Sang-Hyon Kyong (South Korea) DNSO Directors: l Amadeu Abril i Abril (Spain) l Jonathan Cohen (Canada) l Alejandro Pisanty (Mexico) PSO Directors: l Helmut Schink (Germany) l Vint Cerf (USA) - Chairman l Phil Davidson (U. K. ) ICANN President l M. Stuart Lynn (USA) 22

New g. TLDs l. aero : aerospace l. biz : business l. coop : Co. Op l. info : Information l. museum : museum under International Council of Museums l. name : individual l. pro : professionals 23

Registry and Registrar l What l The organization responsible for the actual administration and maintenance to a top-level domain l What l is Registry? is Registrar? The organization responsible for the actual registration of the domain name 24

Sample Registry/Registra Domain Registry Registrar . com, . net. , . org. mil. edu. gov. int. jp. ca. th Verisign DDN NIC EDUCAUSE U. S. GSA IANA JPRS CIRA THNIC Several accredited registrar DDN NIC EDUCAUSE U. S. GSA IANA JPRS ~70 accredited registrar THNIC 25

Payment Path ICANN Registry Registrant Registrar 26

Redelegation Parties l A process to transfer domain administrative authority ICANN Old-Admin Government Agency New-Admin 27