Introduction to Synerject Page 1 April 2009 Non

Introduction to Synerject Page 1 April 2009

Non automotive market : motorcycle, ATV , scooter, marine, snowmobile, utility Component production and system integration for two and four strokes direct and port injection system 42% ASDI Technology Engineering Support 58% Automotive Products and Technology

Synerject Sales Growth Economic Crisis of 2008 -09 Asia Fiscal year 2009 Europe North America (July 1 – June 30) Sales US $81 million Employees (06/30/09) 243 worldwide q Worldwide sales growth 21% p. a. over last four years q Synerject FY’ 09 sales are up, even as the domestic marine & recreation market is down 30 -40% q Diversity and growth in Asia (26% of total business) has cushioned impact of economic crisis in N. A. Page 3 Worldwide presence 5 locations in 4 countries on 3 continents April 2009

Continental market position The on-going integration within the Schaeffler group will bring us to the 1 st rank ex-aequo with Bosch

Synerject History JV established to design and manufacture Fuel Rail Assemblies for the Orbital Combustion DI system on Motor Scooter and Marine & Rec vehicles 1997 1998 Company expanded to include Engine Management Systems for Port-Injected Two-Wheel vehicles 1999 2000 2001 2002 Company expanded to include all of Siemens VDO EMS for non -automotive and EMS for Marine, Snowmobile, and ATV 2003 2004 2005 Company acquired low-volume high-end Electronics facility in Delavan Wisconsin USA 2006 2007 2008 2009 Established Production and Applications Center in China Production launch M 3 A module in Changchun China Synerject change of control Page 7 April 2009

M 3: SYNERJECT EMS non automotive family Segment D 4 cylinders Segment C 3 cylinders 2 cylinders 1 cylinder igh l & Segment B Segment A M 3 A Integrated Air module 32 Pins IP 67 M 3 B Standalone case B” 32 pins IP 67 M 3 D Standalone case “D” Drive by wire Torque structure 96 pins IPX 9 (Marine) M 3 C Standalone case “C” 48 pins IP 67 & s TV les s cle l A c y rcy ation orc tiona s s & ycles t r o t o e t m rea tion mo pplic oo otorc e c d c g a e n dr en nal a Is m ic a l r D h p & n ap 2 S dle ow e Hig eatio & d i r L M 4 S rec s ter s o o sc ycle S 4 torc o tm April 2009

M 3 A family Integrated Air Module High integration l Simplicity of use l Robustness l Flexibility l Cost optimization l 4 stroke scooters & light motorcycles Ø Throttle Body Ø Air bypass valve (option) Throttle position sensor Plastic housing ECU with Pressure & Air temperature sensor Page 12 Ø on i t uc 7 d o r 00 p 2 In nce si Main parts ü Aluminum Throttle Body ü Plastic enclosure ü Electronic board Embedded components ü Pressure sensor ü Air temperature sensor ü Air Bypass valve ü Throttle Position Sensor Environment ü IP 66 ü IP x 9 k (high pressure cleaning) ü Operating temperature from -20°C to +85°C ü Vibration level : 20 g ü EMC according ISO 11452 & ISO 7637 April. Page 2009 12

M 3 A Flexibility M 3 A w w Displacements from 50 cc to 250 cc Same plastic housing Same PCB Different Throttle Bodies 250 cc 30 to 34 mm 125 cc 26 to 29 mm 50 cc 16 to 21 mm Page 13 April 2009

M 3 A electronic architecture Ø Faster and more accurate than competition ü 16 bit, 16 Megahertz ü 128 k of Flashprom ü Possibility to go up to 24 Megahertz and 256 k Ø Higher number of input/output with Option available for geared motorcycle Ø Adapted to future M/C electronic architecture ü M 3 A is K and CAN to interface with vehicle functions (e. g. Instrument cluster information, ABS, keyless starting systems) Page 14 April 2009

M 3 A Applications at KYMCO Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø G 5 125 cc G 5 150 cc Racing 125 cc Racing 150 cc VJR 100 cc JR 2 100 cc Kiwi 100 cc Cherry 100 cc V 1 125 cc 50 cc 3 V April 2009

Applications at SYM (Sanyang) Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Fighter 125 cc Fighter 150 cc Fortune 125 cc Fortune 150 cc GT 125 cc X-Pro 125 cc Wowow 100 cc Wolf 125 cc Wolf 150 cc RV 180 cc April 2009

Other Applications Ø Other customers in production and under development: ü ü ü Peugeot GLR Modenas Qingqi Jialing Ø Applications: ü ü ü ü 100 cc scooter 120 cc motorcycle 125 cc scooter (2 customers) 150 cc motorcycle 190 cc scooter 250 cc motorcycle (2 customers) 250 cc scooter Ø Some motorcycles use M 3 A Standalone version April 2009

M 3 C family Polyvalence l Robustness l Flexibility l Performance l Cost efficiency l Middle range motorcycles Low end recreational applications l l Environment – IP 67 – IP x 9 k (high pressure cleaning) – Operating temperature from -40°C to +85°C – vibration level : 20 g – EMC according ISO 11452 & ISO 7637 l n tio c du 07 o r 0 p In nce 2 si Robust mechanics, based on: – Watertight Automotive connector – Aluminum case – Crimped cover Perimeter – Single and twin cylinder 4 strokes engines, – Suitable for all non-marine applications, including Motorcycle, ATV and Snowmobile, – Adapted to all coming emission regulations in Europe and in North America, Page 18 April 2009

M 3 C Electronic architecture 1) FASTER & MORE ACCURATE • 16 bit, 25 Megahertz • 256 k of Flashprom • Enhanced timer module for increased control capability • Possibility to go up to 40 Megahertz and 512 k 2) Enhanced functionality: • Knock detection, • Stepper driver for ABV control • 16 power outputs / 16 inputs • M 3 C is providing CAN communications for interfacing with vehicle functions (e. g. Instrument cluster information, ABS, keyless starting systems) • Quick reprogramming thanks to CAN Page 19 April 2009

M 3 C Specific functions for motorcycles and recreational Ø Increment evaluation for a 36 – 2 & 24 -2 teeth wheel for a smaller package ü for highest engine speed (up to 16. 000 rpm) ü for extremely high rpm-gradients (up to 19. 000 rpm/sec) Ø Injection/ignition determination for V-engines with asymmetrically TDC Ø Cylinder selective ü load determination ü ignition angle application ü fuel mass application Ø Ø Alpha/ n and p/n - system with enhanced control of the transition Control with short and long term adaption Injection with two injectors per cylinder and variable fuel sharing Specific manifold pressure calculation ü minimal pressure detection (engine w/o plenum chamber) Ø Engine speed / torque reduction to support clutchless shifting Page 20 April 2009

M 3 C Applications April 2009

M 3 D family Ready to use l Automotive quality & technology l Performance OP 9 l Model torque based S st 200 r i F t l Last technology us g Au l Best value l High end motorcycles & recreational applications Ø Software Ø Housing ü SYNERJECT generic engine control ü Minimized size: 123 x 139 x 39 mm strategy for 1 to 4 cylinders engine ü Bottom plate: metal shield based on true torque structure ü Cover plate: aluminum die cast ü Safety concept functions complying to automotive safety requirements + Ø Environmental Conditions motorcycle safety concept in ü Suitable for passenger and engine cooperation with OEMs compartment (no direct engine mounting) ü Tightness class: IP 6 K 9 K, IP 67 ü Operating temperature: -40°C. . . +85°C (ambient air temperature) ü Vibration class: 10 g Page 22 April 2009

M 3 D Electronic architecture Ø µController Freescale 32 bit µCore (MPC 55 xx) Ø 40 MHz, 32 k. B RAM, 768 k. B Flash, 2 k. B E 2 PROM emul. Ø Separate monitoring unit for ETC systems Ø Chipset Ø Optimized by high integration Ø New System-Chip to group several electronic functions Ø Minimized size & reduced costs Ø Interfaces Ø 1 CAN interface with 500 k. Baud Ø 1 K-line Interface April 2009

Electronic Throttle Control Ø Based on the 18 -y experience of Continental, Synerject is currently developing customized multi-blades Electronic Throttle Control. Ø Those customized products reuse generic modules (components and manufacturing) based on the latest generation of Continental portfolio for AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCT Ø When applicable (single cylinder) we are also delivering from the shelves components Ø Main characteristics (ETC 8 diameter 44 mm) ü Drive: DC-motor M 36 with two-step gear ü Sensor: highly integrated MR sensor system (ASIC) ü Housing: Aluminum ü Throttle plate: Plastic ü Connector: 6 -pole, different variants ü Temperature range: -40°C to +140°C ü Response time: 100 ms (full stroke, RT) ü Default position: flexible to project specific demands ü Leakage: differential pressure 600 h. Pa, TP- 44 mm: < 2, 0 kg/h * Page 24 April 2009

Family of ECU Product M 2 Number of Cylinders 1 -2 Number of Pins 22 8 -bit Scooter injection Number of Application Engine Type >15 ASDI & PI single cylinder (50 cc to 250 cc) Picture OEM Customers BAJAJ, KYMCO, SYM, PEUGEOT, ENVIROFIT single cylinder (50 cc to 250 cc) PI >20 single and twin (400 cc up to 1100 cc) DUCATI, ROTAX, ARCTIC CAT, TGB, DINLI 16 -bit Motorcycle, Marine, ATV, snowmobile PI >10 single to triple (2 s 500 cc up to 4 s-1600 cc) ROTAX BRP 16 -bit Marine outboard DI >10 (2 S-500 cc to 3000 cc) BRP JOHNSON EVINRUDE 48 32 -bit Marine outboard and Inboard PI >10 (2 S-500 cc to 3000 cc) MERCURY WOODWARD GOVERNOR 80 32 -bit Marine outboard ASDI & PI and Inboard 32 -bit Recreation and Marine, all ETC Applications 1 31 M 3 C 1 -2 48 MSE 3. 7 1 -3 E-TEC EMM 2 -6 ECM 4 -8 PCM 3 -8 M 3 D Application KYMCO, SYM, PEUGEOT, GLR, QINGQI, MODENAS, JIALING M 3 A 1 -4 Micro. Controller 2 x 41 = 82 76 -89 96 >30 16 -bit Scooter, motorcycle PI 16 -bit Recreation PI >10 (Up to 8. 1 L) MERCURY WOODWARD GOVERNOR >5 (in development) (twin to 4 -cyl, 500 cc to 1600 cc) WEBER DUCATI April 2009

M 3 L OBJECTIVES: ÜImprove the performances and the functionalities of a 125 cc Motorcycle mechanical gearbox thanks to an ultra low cost EFI system ÜReplace the carburetor and CDI system with minor modifications on vehicle IMPROVEMENTS TARGETS: ÜBase: 100 ppm system quality in the plant/ in the field, low emission, good start ability cold and hot with kick start, drivability during warm-up, good operation up to 3000 m, lower fuel consumption, idle speed stability ÜOption: battery-less, automatic air choke, immobilizer M 3 L DESCRIPTION: Ü Based on M 3 A: control functions, electronic, calibration tools, communication SW Ü Size reduction of 40%: electronic, electrical connector, throttle body length (id to a carburetor), fuel pump and regulator Ü Interfaces: same as a carburetor for the throttle body, the fuel pump and regulator replaces the fuel tap at the bottom of the fuel tank, the fuel injector is mounted on the throttle body Ü New advanced control functions that eliminate throttle position sensor and cylinder head temperature sensor (tbc) April 2009

PRELIMINARY DESIGN M 3 L= Air module + Fuel delivery module in line + • Throttle body • Injector & fuel cap • ECU with sensors • Fuel pump 5 l/h, flow control • Fuel pressure regulator • Filter April 2009

Fuel delivery in line <30 m m • Main characteristics: 5 l/h, up to 3 b • Low weight, low size <40 mm • Brushless • Mechanical interface with the fuel tank same as the fuel tap of carburetor • Controled by the ECU without relay • Fuel flow control: low electrical energy demand, < 1 W at idle • Returnless • E 15 compatible April 2009

Minimal system, connector 12 pins - • Main functions: injection, ignition, optimal performances in full application range + IGN_ F F INJ_ • Replacement of the carburetor with minimal modification: wiring harness V B K Key Switch F Fuel Pump < 1 A VBK() M 3 L TPS IGN_1(HP) • O 2 sensor if stringent emission and better durability are requested HEGO_S(AN) spare_In(optional) + Ua O 2 S _ MAP INJ(1. 7 A) FP(2. 5 A) LSD 1(optional) SGND(optional) TIA K_LINE(COM) MIL TAM CPS_P(B 2) CPS_M(B 1) PGND() • Air choke on TB as for carburetor or automatic (option) Reprog/ IMMO Tool • Configuration: immobilizer, 3 customized pins (inputs or outputs) April 2009

PRELIMINARY DESIGN M 3 L, minimal system, more details 12 pins 80 mm m m 50 (Variant) April 2009

M 3 L TIMING ØSOP : first quarter 2012 ØPPAP end 2011 ØC sample: third quarter 2011 ØDesign freeze: second quarter 2011 ØB sample end 2010 ØConcept freeze: September 2010 April 2009

ASDI system FUEL -Specific ASDI BOM: - M 2 ECU or M 3 C with external driver Fuel Pump - Air and fuel injector Fuel Injector Direct Injector Fuel Pressure Regulator Inside Fuel Rail - Specific Fuel Rail Mounted on cylinder head - Piston fuel pump - Air compressor - classic sensors & actuators Ignition Coil -Advantages - Proven system on small and large engine Air Compressor ECU - Perfect mixture preparation -Disadvantages - System complexity and relative cost April 2009

Direct Injection Technology Fuel Air Fuel Metering Event Air Injection Event * MPI fuel injector Ignition Air injector o 360 TDC o 180 TDC o 0 TDC Fuel metering and Air injection event not linked Direct injected premixed charge April 2009

DI/PI Fuel system for high specific power engine Fuel Pump DI FRA Air Injector Fuel pressure regulator PI injector Air Hose Assembly April 2009

Side injection system Fuel-pressure Regulator Fuel Pump ECU Ignition Coil Engine Temperatur Sensor TPS 1 2 Throttle Body Oil tank Oil Pump Fuel Injector Specific BOM: 1 …. Air Temp. Sensor 2 . . Air Pressure Sensur Crankshaft Position Sensor Advantages - System reusing automotive components (except Fuel Pump) - M 3 A or M 3 C ECU - Cost - Fuel injector - Proven and available for 50 cc - Piston fuel pump - classic sensors and actuators Disadvantages - Need to be set-up for larger displacement April 2009

PI 4 Stroke systems April 2009

CONTENTS SYNERJECT HISTORY PRODUCTS & SERVICES ECUs and SYSTEMS COMPONENTS CUSTOMERS LOCATIONS Page 37 April 2009

Engine Management Components Electronic Control Units D. I. and P. I. Fuel Rails Sensors Fuel and Air Modules Electronic Oil Pumps Fuel Injectors Direct Injectors Pressure Regulators In-Tank Fuel Pumps Page 38 April 2009

Fuel Pumps and Fuel Delivery Modules Intank Electric Fuel Pumps Fuel Delivery Module with Internal Jet Pump (motorcycle, ATV, snowmobile applications) (Snowmobile Application) Fuel Delivery Module with Automotive Level Sender (typical motorcycle, ATV application) • Conductive plastics • Return or Returnless Systems • With/Without System Fuel Filter • With/Without Pressure Regulator a. SDI Piston Fuel Pump (small scooter applications) Page 39 April 2009

Injectors & Fuel Rails Port Fuel Injectors (all application types) Direct Injectors (marine, motorcycle and ATV applications) 4 Stroke Port Injection Single & Twin Cylinder Rails (motorcycle & ATV engines) 2 Stroke Direct Injection Fuel Rail Assembly (outboard marine engine) Page 40 Fuel Hose Assemblies (all application types) Inline 4 Stroke Port Injection Fuel Rail Assembly (inboard marine engine) April 2009

Direct Injection Solenoid High Pressure Direct Injection Used for cylinder wall air guided applications Continental in production since 1999 and the 1 st EU supplier symmetrical recirculation area Spark plug position Piezo High Pressure Direct Injection Used for central spray guided applications Continental automotive production since 2005 Orbital Air Assist Direct Injection Used for central spray guided applications Synerject in production since 1997 Benefits of Direct Injection Improved low end torque when used in turbo charged applications Improved fuel economy Improved emissions Page 41 April 2009

Electronic Oil Pumps Plastic Body, Tank Mounted (Snowmobile Applications) Aluminum Body, Flange Mounted (Outboard Marine Applications) Plastic Body, Tank Mounted, with Hoses and Harness (Outboard Marine Applications) • 2 -Stroke Applications • Multiple ports with individual outputs tailored to customer needs • 1, 4, 7, 9 ports in production today with other numbers possible Page 42 April 2009

Megatrend Environment The Way to Zero Emissions 3 2 1 Vehicle Production 100 % Fossil Fuels Emission free electric vehicles (EV) (long term) Back up combustion engine by electric motor (mid term) Improve efficiency of conventional powertrain (short and mid term) Renewable Fuels Vehicle 1 Combustion (Combustion Engine) 2 Hybrid Vehicle (Combustion Engine + Electric Motor) 3 EV (Electric Motor) 0% TIME Electricity from Power Grid April 2009

“Zero Emission” – Powertrain’s Goal Make driving affordable, powerful and smooth with reduced emissions and fuel consumption Powertrain System Optimization of powertrain efficiency from tank to tail by system integration of components and functions Innovative components and software/functions for the entire powertrain of gasoline, diesel and hybrid engines using conventional and renewable fuels Powertrain Business Units April 2009

Non automotive Powertrain key technologies Electrical architecture Optimization of powertrain efficiency: system integration of components and functions Fuel Supply/Air Fuel delivery module Fuel supply Battery less Control Systems Electrical power management Fusing & relay • EMS- TMS • Hybrid Supervisor • Control algorithms • OBD- Maintenance • Safety engine & vehicle • Intersystems: immo, dash. . Combustion Systems 2 S/ 4 S Direct injection Fuel vapor management Electronic throttle control Smart MTB Exhaust Aftertreatment Lambda close loop Catalyst light off function 2 S ATAC/ CAI VVT Intake flap Exhaust flap Knock control EGR Transmission Electronic CVT Robotized gearbox Hybrid / EV Starter-alternator Stop & Go Regen @ braking Torque assistance Charging Turbocharger Supercharger Impulse charger April 2009

SYNERJECT System roadmap generic platforms 2014 2&4 -stroke HPDI 2012 Robotized gearbox Electronic CVT 2010 Fuel delivery module 2008 M 3 D (4 -stroke) DBW Electrical Urban Hybrid M 4 A M 3 B 4 S PI&2 S_DI M 3 L (4 S) M 3 C (4 -Stroke) M 3 A (4 S) April 2009

CONTENTS SYNERJECT HISTORY PRODUCTS & SERVICES ECUs and SYSTEMS COMPONENTS CUSTOMERS LOCATIONS Page 48 April 2009

Synerject’s Customers Page 49 April 2009

CONTENTS SYNERJECT HISTORY PRODUCTS & SERVICES ECUs and SYSTEMS COMPONENTS CUSTOMERS LOCATIONS Page 50 April 2009

Synerject Locations Synerject Newport News August 2000 Synerject Changchun October 2006 Synerject Toulouse July 2005 Delavan Wisconsin USA Toulouse France Newport News Virginia USA Changchun Pisa Italy Chongqing China Taipei Taiwan Synerject Delavan March 2006 March 2007 Synerject Locations Synerject Chongqing Regional Customer Support Page 51 April 2009

Newport News, Virginia USA ISO 9001 • Synerject Facility Since August 2000 Certified • Synerject Company Headquarters Since 2003 • 60, 000 square feet • 50 employees • EMS Applications for North America • Chassis and Small Engine Dynamometer • Fuel Systems, Modules, & Components Product Engineering • • • Fuel, Air, Gaseous Injectors Fuel Rails and Hoses Oil Pumps Fuel Pump Modules Air Modules • Production of EMS Modules and Components • • • Synerject Newport News Air Injectors Fuel Rail Assemblies Oil Pump Assemblies Fuel Pump Module Assemblies Certified ISO 9001: 2000 • Engineering and Test Center • Page 52 Full Design and Product Validation Testing April 2009

Delavan, Wisconsin USA ISO 9001 Certified • Synerject since March 2006 Since 1999 • 40, 000 square feet • 90 employees • Electronics Design • Electronic & Mechanical Assembly and Test • Electronic Control Units • ETEC EMM Delavan • M 2 ECU • ETEC Fuel Injector Assemblies • ETEC Oil Pump Assemblies • Located in the Heart of the North American Marine & Recreation Industry Page 53 April 2009

Toulouse, France ISO 9001 Certified Since 2006 • Established in Toulouse July 2001 • Synerject Europe Headquarters • 5, 000 square feet • Total headcount : 29 • Engineering headcount : 18 • Engineering location to support EMS application • Customer systems applications • EMS design and engineering • Software Engineering • Procurement & logistics • Sales to Europe and Taiwan customer Page 54 April 2009

Synerject China Changchun • Production located inside Continental CHINA Automotive Changchun facility Chongqing M 3 A Module • 4, 000 allocated square feet • Synerject SOP in September 2007 • Certified TS 16949 quality Synerject Changchun Synerject Chongqing • Production of : M 3 A module • Headcount: 24 • Synerject Sales and Application Engineering Center - Chongqing • Regional business development and customer sales support • EMS system integration and customer application support • Headcount: 9 Page 55 April 2009