INTRODUCTION TO RISK FACTORS FOR NCDs AND THEIR

INTRODUCTION TO RISK FACTORS FOR NCDs AND THEIR INTER-RELATIONSHIP SESSION 1 1

WHAT ARE NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES (NCDs)? NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES - Condition or disease that does not spread from person to person (non infectious) - Remains for long duration - May have a slow progression COMMUNICABLE DISEASES - Condition or disease that spreads directly or indirectly to a person from an infected person or agent (animal, insect) or through the environment 2

B CLASSIFY AS NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AND COMMUNICABLE DISEASES CONDITION TYPE Tuberculosis Cancer High Blood Pressure Diabetes (High Blood Sugar) Typhoid Heart Attack Asthma Dysentery Malaria Depression Cholera Stroke 3

NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AND COMMUNICABLE DISEASES CONDITION Tuberculosis TYPE CD Cancer NCD High Blood Pressure NCD Diabetes (High Blood Sugar) NCD Typhoid CD Heart Attack NCD Asthma NCD Dysentery CD Malaria CD Depression NCD Cholera CD Stroke NCD 4

NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES • CANCER • DIABETES • CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES (DISEASES OF THE HEART AND BLOOD VESSELS) • CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASES • COMMON MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS THERE ARE MANY MORE NCDs are the new epidemic 5

BURDEN OF NCDs IN LOW AND MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES GLOBALIZATION, URBANIZATION, AGEING POPULATION POVERTY REDUCTION IN INCOME CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES DIABETES NCDs CANCER COMMON MENTAL DISORDERS EXPOSURE TO RISK FACTORS UNHEALTHY DIET TOBACCO POOR ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE AND INCREASED PERSONAL SPENDING CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASES ALCOHOL STRESS PHYSICAL INACTIVITY

NCDs AND ECONOMIC BURDEN NCDs EFFECTS ON INDIVIDUAL HEALTH Loss of skilled worker (death, absenteeism, poor productivity, disability, early retirement) Increased costs; Greater spending on health care Reduced Savings Increased use of health services Reduced economic resources Poverty and Inequality Low economic growth 7

RISK FACTORS FOR NCDS A Risk factor is a: ü Personal behaviour ü Lifestyle ü Hereditary or genetic condition That may lead to the occurrence or worsening of a disease or health condition 8

RISK FACTORS FOR NCDs NON MODIFIABLE FACTORS • AGE • GENDER • FAMILY HISTORY (GENETIC RISK) MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS • • • TOBACCO USE ALCOHOL USE UNHEALTHY DIET PHYSICAL INACTIVITY STRESS 9

PREVENTABLE RISK FACTORS ü TOBACCO USE ü ALCOHOL USE ü UNHEALTHY DIET ü PHYSICAL INACTIVITY ü STRESS 10

IMPACT OF RISK FACTORS ON NCDs CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES DIABETES CANCER • Risk factors can occur together • Higher the number, greater the risk COMMON MENTAL DISORDERS CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASES • Age • Poverty • Gender • Illiteracy • Occupation STRESS UNHEALTHY DIET ALCOHOL TOBACCO PHYSICAL INACTIVITY 11

DISEASES AND RISK FACTORS Stress Tobacco use Harmful alcohol use Unhealthy Diet Physical Inactivity Cardiovascular Diseases Diabetes Cancer Chronic Respiratory Diseases Common Mental Disorders 12

B Describe the interrelationship between risk factors and NCDs 13

RISK FACTORS AND NCDs STRESS PHYSICAL ACTIVITY CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES DIABETES DIET NCDs CANCER ALCOHOL USE CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASES TOBACCO USE COMMON MENTAL DISORDERS 14

THE POWER OF PREVENTION In the UK, a cycling campaign led to a better physical activity, led to both a positive health impact and a healthier environment as fewer people used motorised vehicles In India, affordable, clean and efficient cook stoves is likely to reduce black carbon emissions and other air pollutants and avoid premature deaths among women and children Early screening for NCDs is beneficial. In the United Arab Emirates, such a screening programme saw the participation of 28, 000 people in the first year. High cholesterol was found in 27% and almost half of whom were unaware of it.

THE POWER OF PREVENTION Prepared by the Ministry of Health to educate parliamentarians 2006 16

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AIM OF TRAINING The Counselor will be able to understand how • Risk factors are related to NCDs • They are related to each other • To identify risk factors • To provide help to modify risk factors 18

ROLE OF THE COUNSELOR IN THE CLINIC To identify risk factors and offer help to patients IN THE COMMUNITY To organise health promotion activities, provide awareness about risk factors and their prevention 19

Raise awareness on NCDs, but also raise awareness on their prevention Awareness on NCD. mp 4 (Right click on link and open hyperlink) 20